Neutralisation

1. Neutralisation is the reaction between _______________to produce _____________.

2. During the process, _________________ combine with ______________ to
produce _________.

Example:
Write chemical equations and ionic equations for neutralisation reactions
1. Complete and balance the following equations. After that, write the relevant
ionic equation.
(a) HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → ___________________________________

Ionic equation: __________________________________________

(b) H2SO4(aq) + KOH(aq) → ___________________________________

Ionic equation: _________________________________________

(c) HNO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) →___________________________________

Ionic equation: _______________________________________

Applications of Neutralisation in Daily Life

Acid- Base Titration
1. Titration is a ____________analysis to determine the __________of an acid that is
required to neutralize a fixed or known volume of an alkali and vice versa.
2. The __________ is the point at which neutralization occurs completely, that is, it is the
point when all OH- ions combine with H+ ions to form water.

Set -up:

3. The end-point is determined by indicator:

Example:
Aim : To determine the volume of hydrochloric acid to neutralise 25cm3 of sodium hydroxide
solution completely.
Procedure:
How to record burette reading?

Result:

Volume of hydrochloric acid used = _________________________

Example:
Table 7.2 shows the results of titration between 1.0 mol dnr3 sulphuric acid and 25.0 cm3 of
potassium hydroxide solution.

(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between potassium hydroxide and sulphuric
acid.
_________________________________________________________________[2 mark]
(ii) Based on Table 7.2, determine the average volume of sulphuric acid used and hence
calculate the molarity of potassium hydroxide solution.

[4 marks]

Exercise:
In an experiment, a student is provided with nitric acid labelled K, 0.1 mol dm-3 of potassium
hydroxide solution and phenolphthalein.
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the molarity of nitric acid solution. 25 cm3 of
0.1 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution is measured and poured into a titration flask.

(a) Draw a labeled diagram of the apparatus set up in the experiment.

(b) State the colour change of phenolphthalein.

________________________________________________________________________________
(c) Solution of K is filled into a burette. Titration is carried out three times. Diagram 1 shows
the initial reading and the final reading for the three titrations.

Contruct a table to record the results obtained from Diagram 1.

(d) What is the average volume of solution K needed to neutralise 25 cm3 of the potassium
hydroxide solution?

(e) (i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) calculate the molarity of K.

(f) R is sulphuric acid with the same molarity as K. R is now used the titration instead of K.
(i) Write a balanced equation for the titration.
_____________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Predict the volume of solution R which is needed to neutralize 25cm3 of the potassium hydroxide
solution.
______________________________________________________________________________

(iii) Give a reason for your answer.

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Problem solving:
1.

i. Chemical equation:

ii. Gather information:

iii. Calculate mole of known quantity ( H2SO4)

iv. Compare mole ratio:

Based on equation:
_________mol of H2SO4 : _______ mol of NaOH

__________ mol of H2SO4 : _____________mol of NaOH

v. Solve problem
Molarity of NaOH = ________________
Another method: ( Mole ratio of acid : alkali/ base)

Solution:

2.

i. Chemical equation:

ii. Gather information:

iii. Calculate mole of known quantity ( HCl)

iv. Compare mole ratio:

Based on equation:
_____mol of HCl : _____mol of Ca(OH)2
______ mol of HCl : __________mol of Ca(OH)2

v. Solve problem
Molarity of Ca(OH)2 = mol / volume

Volume of Ca(OH)2 =

Another method:

3.