cardioplegia

Cardioplegia is intraoperative cardiac arrest with myocardial

preservation induced by hyperkalemic crystalloid solution.

FUNCTION
intracardiac perfusion that is used in combination with ischemia, to induce cardiac
arrest during heart surgery with ECC, with it we protect the myocardium from the
effects derived from the period of ischemia and predict the damage of re- perfusion
once re- established blood flow.

Cardioplegia is intraoperative cardiac arrest with myocardial preservation induced by

means of hyperkalemic crystalloid solution (6,7). The electromechanical activity of the
heart is responsible for approximately 90% of myocardial oxygen requirements, thus
cardioplegia will reduce oxygen consumption by this percentage and hypothermia will
reduce myocardial oxygen consumption by an additional 10% to 15% approximately
(5 , 7.8-10).

CLASSIFICATION
According to its composition

Crystalloid
Its route of administration is anterograde through the aortic root or the coronary
ostia via retrograde through the coronary sinuses.
It is a 100% crystalloid solution composed of sodium, potassium, magnesium and
calcium, it is administered at 4 ° C to achieve a myocardial t of 10- 15 ° C

Hematic
Composed of blood and crystalloid solution in miniplegic proportion at the patient's
temperature, directly adding potassium and magnesium) or classic 4.1 or 8.1
 cardioplegia
Cardioplegia is intraoperative cardiac arrest with myocardial
preservation induced by hyperkalemic crystalloid solution.

ACCORDING TO ITS TEMPERATURE

HOT
Warm cardioplegia can be used before the onset of ischemia as a warm induction
(Hot shot). However, the entire operation can be performed with warm cardioplegia.
Due as the myocardium is kept at a warm temperature, metabolic activity continues.

although to a lesser degree because the mechanical activity of the heart is

suppressed. This requirement constant oxygen prohibits the use of significant periods
of ischemia during performance of the operation

Warm cardioplegia must be given continuously to avoid injury

ischemic.

COLD
Energy Savings Obtained by Induced Diastolic Arrest chemically and simultaneously
added hypothermia at 20 ° Creduces myocardial oxygen demand (MVO2) by almost
95% and is, therefore, an obvious mutual factor that explains the effectiveness of the
techniques cold cardioplegia.

TEMPERED
intracardiac perfusion that is used in combination with ischemia, to induce cardiac
arrest during heart surgery with ECC, with it we protect the myocardium from the
effects derived from the period of ischemia and predict the damage of re- perfusion
once re- established blood flow.


EXTRACORPOREAL
CIRCULATION

Cardiopulmonary bypass is a
system capable of maintaining
the constants of a patient
undergoing various surgical
interventions that require the
temporary arrest of the heart,
lung or both and that is capable
of maintaining oxygen transfer
in the blood out of the patient,
while being propelled by a
mechanical pumping system.

• Circuit Blood is drawn by venous line from Auricula Der or Vena Cava sup and inf.
• Reaches the venous reservoir by siphoning or aspirat ion.
• It is then sent to the temperature exchanger and oxy genator (or gas exchanger).
• Finally passes to the arterial line filter.
• Through the arterial cannula
reaches the aorta and systemic circulation.
• Additional circuits and pumps are used to vacuum fr
om the field, administer cardioplegia, decompress th e heart via Vent, remove fluid.