RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PRACTICAL FILE

B. Com (H)-216

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT OF

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (HONOURS)

B.COM HONOURS 4TH SEMESTER

BATCH 2018-2021

Ms. Tanvi Gupta MANASI DUBEY

Assistant Professor 40714188818

JAGANNATH INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL

KALKAJI
 CONTENT

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL

1.1 Basic information

1.2 Benefits

1.3 Create workbook and spreadsheet

1.4 Naming and adding

1.5 Data entry

1.6 Basic excel function of Ribbon

2. EXCEL FORMULA

2.1 Sum

2.2 Sumproduct

2.3 Minimum

2.4 Maximum

2.5 Small

2.6 Large

2.7 Average

2.8 Count, Count A, Count blank

2.9 Count IF

2.10 IF conditional

2.11 Correlation and Regression

3. LOOKUP Functions
3.1
VLOOKUP
3.2 HLOOKUP
3.3 INDEX MATCH
4. Pivot Table
4.1
Creation of Pivot Table
(Columns, Rows, Values, Filtering)
4.2 Substitution of count function
4.3 Cross Checking of Data
5. Charts
5.1 Bar Graph
5.2 Column Graph
5.3 Pie Chart
5.4 Line Graph
6. Questionnaire
6.1 Linking to Google Sheet
6.2 Response Sheet
6.3 Summary
7. Import Data
8. Entering Data in Data View and Variable
9. Descriptive Analysis

9.1 Descriptive
9.2 Frequency Analysis
9.3 Graphical Representation
10 Inferential Analysis
10.1 Analysis of Variance
10.2 Correlation
10.3 Regression Analysis
10.4 T Test, F test
10.5 Chi-Square Test
11 Saving and Copying Results from Output Window
 INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL
1.1 BASIC INFORMATION
There are numbers of spreadsheet programs but from all of them, Excel is most widely used. People
have been using it for last 30 years and throughout these years, it has been upgraded with more
and more features.

The best part about Excel is, it can apply to many business tasks, including statistics, finance, data
management, forecasting, analysis, inventory, billing, and business intelligence.

Following are the few things which it can do for you:

• Number Crunching
• Charts and Graphs
• Store and Import Data
• Manipulating Text
• Templates/Dashboards
• Automation of Tasks

Three most important components of Excel is which you need to understand first:

1. Cell: A cell is a smallest but most powerful part of a spreadsheet. You can enter your data into
a cell either by typing or by copy-paste. Data can be a text, a number, or a date. You can also
customize it by changing its size, font colour, background colour, borders, etc. Every cell is
identified by its cell address, cell address contains its column number and row number (If a cell
is on 11th row and on column AB, then its address will be AB11).

2. Worksheet: A worksheet is made up of individual cells which can contain a value, a formula,
or text. It also has an invisible draw layer, which holds charts, images, and diagrams. Each
worksheet in a workbook is accessible by clicking the tab at the bottom of the workbook
window. In addition, a workbook can store chart sheets; a chart sheet displays a single chart
and is accessible by clicking a tab.

3. Workbook: A workbook is a separate file just like every other application has. Each workbook
contains one or more worksheets. You can also say that a workbook is a collection of multiple
worksheets or can be a single worksheet. You can add or delete worksheets, hide them within
the workbook without deleting them, and change the order of your worksheets within the
workbook.
Before you start using it, it’s really important to understand that what’s where in its window. So
ahead we have all the major component which you need to know before entering the world of
Microsoft Excel.

1. Active Cell: A cell which is currently selected. It will be highlighted by a rectangular box and
its address will be shown in the address bar. You can activate a cell by clicking on it or by using
your arrow buttons. To edit a cell, you double-click on it or use F2 to as well.
2. Columns: A column is a vertical set of cells. A single worksheet contains 16384 total columns.
Every column has its own alphabet for identity, from A to XFD. You can select a column
clicking on its header.
3. Rows: A row is a horizontal set of cells. A single worksheet contains 1048576 total rows. Every
row has its own number for identity, starting from 1 to 1048576. You can select a row clicking
on the row number marked on the left side of the window.
4. Fill Handle: It’s a small dot present on the lower right corner of the active cell. It helps you to
fill numeric values, text series, insert ranges, insert serial numbers, etc.
5. Address Bar: It shows the address of the active cell. If you have selected more than one cell,
then it will show the address of the first cell in the range.
6. Formula Bar: The formula bar is an input bar, below the ribbon. It shows the content of the
active cell and you can also use it to enter a formula in a cell.
7. Title Bar: The title bar will show the name of your workbook, followed by the application
name (“Microsoft Excel”).
8. File Menu: The file menu is a simple menu like all other applications. It contains options like
(Save, Save As, Open, New, Print, Excel Options, Share, etc).
9. Quick Access Toolbar: A toolbar to quickly access the options which you frequently use. You
can add your favourite options by adding new options to quick access toolbar.
10. Ribbon Tab: Starting from the Microsoft Excel 2007, all the options menus are replaced with
the ribbons. Ribbon tabs are the bunch of specific option group which further contains the
option.
11. Worksheet Tab: This tab shows all the worksheets which are present in the workbook. By
default you will see, three worksheets in your new workbook with the name of Sheet1, Sheet2,
Sheet3 respectively.
12. Status Bar: It is a thin bar at the bottom of the Excel window. It will give you an instant help
once you start working in Excel.
1.2 BENEFITS OF MS EXCEL

Analyzing and storing data

One of the best uses of MS Excel is that you can analyse larger amounts of data to discover trends.
With the help of graphs and charts, you can summarize the data and store it in an organized way
so that whenever you want to see that data then you can easily see it. It becomes easier for you to
store data and it will definitely save a lot of time for you. Once the data is stored in a systematic
way, it can be used easily for multiple purposes.

Excel tools make your work easier

There are so many tools of MS Excel that make your work extremely easy and save your time as
well. There are wonderful tools for sorting, filtering and searching which all the more make you
work easy. If you will combine these tools with tables, pivot tables etc. then you will be able to
finish your work in much less time. Multiple elements can be searched easily from large amounts
of data to help solve a lot of problems and questions.

Data recovery and spreadsheets

Another best use of MS Excel is that if your data gets lost then you can recover it without much
inconvenience. Suppose, there is a businessman who has stored his important data in MS Excel
and somehow it gets lost or the file gets damaged then he must not worry as with the new MS
Excel XML format one can restore the lost or damaged file data. With the help of new Microsoft
MS Excel XML format you can reduce the size of the spreadsheet and make things compact easily.

Mathematical formulas of MS Excel make things easier

Next best use of MS Excel is that it makes easy for you to solve complex mathematical problems
in a much simpler way without much manual effort. There are so many formulas in MS Excel and
by using these formulas you can implement lots of operations like finding sum, average, etc. on a
large amount of data all at once.

Security
The chief use of MS Excel is that it provides security for excel files so people can keep their files
safe. All the files of MS Excel can be kept password-protected through visual basic programming
or directly within the excel file.

Add sophistication to data presentations

Next use of MS Excel is that it helps you in adding more sophistication to your data presentations
which means that you can improve the data bars, you can highlight any specific items that you
want to highlight and make your data much more presentable easily. You can even make the
spreadsheets more attractive on which you have stored data.

Online access

Another use of MS Excel is that it can be accessed online from anywhere and everywhere which
means that you can access it from any device and from any location whenever you want. It provides
the facility of working conveniently which means that if you don’t have laptops then you can use
mobile and do your work easily without any problem. Therefore, due to the large amount of
flexibility that MS Excel provides, people like to work on MS Excel so that they can comfortably
work without worrying about their device or location.

Keeps data combined at one location

Another interesting use of MS Excel is that you can keep all your data at one location. This will
help you in saving your data from getting lost. It will keep all your data in one place and then you
will not have to waste your time in searching for the files. So it will save your time and whenever
need be, you can look up the categorized and sorted data easily.

Helps businessmen in developing future strategy

You can represent data in the form of charts and graphs so it can help in identifying different
trends. With the help of MS Excel, trend lines can be extended beyond graph and therefore, it helps
one in analysing the trends and patterns much easier. In business, it is very important to analyse
the popularity of goods or the selling pattern that they follow to maximize sales. MS Excel
simplifies this task and helps businessmen grow and maximize profits through the same.
Manage expenses

MS Excel helps in managing expenses. Suppose if a doctor is earning around 50,000 per month
then he will make some expenses as well and if he wants to know how much he is exactly spending
per month then he can do it with the help of MS Excel easily. He can write his monthly income as
well as expenses in the excel tables and then he can get to know that how much he is spending and
he can thus, control his expenses accordingly.

You can store a large amount of data in the MS Excel and analyse it as well. It helps in keeping
the data combined in one place so that data does not get lost and one does not waste time in finding
a particular data. Due to these factors, it has become such a popular software and we have become
habitual of using it.
1.3 WORKBOOK AND SPREADSHEETS

In Microsoft Excel, files are organized into workbooks and worksheets.

WORKBOOK:

A workbook is just a fancy name for a Microsoft Excel file. These two terms — "workbook" and
"file" — can be used interchangeably. Like many other computer programs, Excel allows you to
open and close workbooks, as well as save them to your computer. All of these functions are
accomplished using the File menu, which you may also be familiar with from other programs
you've used.

To access the File menu, click the green tab marked "File" on the top left of your screen:
Once you click this button, Excel will open up something called the backstage view. The backstage
view is used to manipulate files, and contains functionality that will allow you
to Save, Open, Close, and Print your workbooks:

WORKSHEET:

Each workbook contains a number of different worksheets, which are tabs into which you
can input data. Worksheet tabs appear at the bottom of each workbook. Notice that each
worksheet has its own name; by default, a workbook will open up with three worksheets,
called Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3, respectively. But you're free to add, delete, and rename
these worksheets as you see fit.

You can navigate between worksheets by clicking on one of these tabs, like in the
screenshot below. You can also use hotkeys to do it: Ctrl + PgUp or PgDn on Windows.
Right-click a worksheet tab to bring up the worksheet options menu, which will allow you to
manipulate the worksheets in your workbook. Here, you
can Insert, Delete, Rename, Move, Copy, or Hide a worksheet, as well as a few other
features (like changing the colour of a worksheet tab).
1.1 Naming and adding of a sheets.

1) Double-click the sheet tab, and type the new name.

2) Right-click the sheet tab, click Rename, and type the new name.
3) Use the keyboard shortcut Alt+H > O > R, and type the new name.
4) For adding a new sheet, click on the plus sign.
1.5 DATA ENTRY:

Every time a user has to add a new record, he/she will have to select the cell in the next empty row
and then go cell by cell to make the entry for each column.

While this is a perfectly fine way of doing it, a more efficient way would be to use a Data Entry
Form in Excel.

Below is a data entry form that you can use to make entries to this data set.

The highlighted fields are where you would enter the data. Once done, hit the Enter key to make
the data a part of the table and move on to the next entry.You would notice that there is no option
to use a data entry form in Excel (not in any tab in the ribbon).To use it, you will have to first add
it to the Quick Access Toolbar (or the ribbon).
 1.6 EXCEL FUNCTIONS OF RIBBON:

Microsoft Excel ribbon is the row of tabs and icons at the top of the Excel window that allows
you to quickly find, understand and use commands for completing a certain task. It looks like a
kind of complex toolbar, which it actually is.

The ribbon first appeared in Excel 2007 replacing the traditional toolbars and pull-down menus
found in previous versions. In Excel 2010, Microsoft added the ability to personalize the ribbon.

The ribbon in Excel is made up of four basic components: tabs, groups, dialog launchers, and
command buttons.

• Ribbon tab contains multiple commands logically sub-divided into groups.

• Ribbon group is a set of closely related commands normally performed as part of a larger task.
• Dialog launcher is a small arrow in the lower-right corner of a group that brings up more related
commands. Dialog launchers appear in groups that contain more commands than available space.
• Command button is the button you click to perform a particular action.

Ribbon tabs

The standard Excel ribbon contains the following tabs, from left to right:

File – allows you to jump into the backstage view that contains the essential file-related commands
and Excel options. This tab was introduced in Excel 2010 as the replacement for the Office button
in Excel 2007 and the File menu in earlier versions.
Home – contains the most frequently used commands such as copying and pasting, sorting and
filtering, formatting, etc.

Insert – is used for adding different objects in a worksheet such as images, charts, PivotTables,
hyperlinks, special symbols, equations, headers and footers.

Draw – depending on the device type you're using, it lets you draw with a digital pen, mouse, or
finger. This tab is available in Excel 2013 and later, but like the Developer tab it is not visible by
default.

Page Layout – provides tools to manage the worksheet appearance, both onscreen and printed.
These tools control theme settings, gridlines, page margins, object aligning, and print area.

Formulas – contains tools for inserting functions, defining names and controlling the calculation
options.

Data – holds the commands for managing the worksheet data as well as connecting to external
data.

Review – allows you to check spelling, track changes, add comments and notes, protect
worksheets and workbooks.

View – provides commands for switching between worksheet views, freezing panes, viewing and
arranging multiple windows.

Help – only appears in Excel 2019 and Office 365. This tab provides quick access to the Help
Task Pane and allows you to contact Microsoft support, send feedback, suggest a feature, and get
quick access to training videos.

Developer – provides access to advanced features such as VBA macros, ActiveX and Form
controls and XML commands. This tab is hidden by default and you have to enable it first.

Add-ins – appears only when you open an older workbook or load an add-in that customizes the
toolbars or menu.
 EXCEL FORMULA
2.1 SUM:

SYNTAX: =SUM(RANGE)

2.2 SUMPRODUCT:

SYNTAX: =SUMPRODUCT (array1, [array2], [array3], ...)

 2.3 MINIMUM:

SYNTAX: =MIN (RANGE)

 2.4 MAXIMUM:

SYNTAX: =MAX (RANGE)

2.5 SMALL

SYNTAX: =SMALL (RANGE, N)

2.6 LARGE

SYNTAX: =LARGE (RANGE, N)

2.7 AVERAGE
=AVERAGE (number1, [number2], ...)

2.8 COUNT:

SYNTAX: =COUNT (RANGE)

2.9 COUNTA

SYNTAX: =COUNTA (value1, [value2], ...)

2.10 COUNTBLANK

SYNTAX: =COUNTBLANK (RANGE)

2.11 COUNTIF:

SYNTAX: =COUNTIF (range, criteria)

2.12 IF CONDITIONAL:

SYNTAX: =IF (logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

2.13 CORRELATION:

SYNTAX: CORREL (ARRAY1, ARRAY2)

 LOOKUP FUNCTIONS
3.1 VLOOKUP

VLOOKUP is an Excel function to lookup and retrieve data from a specific column in table.
VLOOKUP supports approximate and exact matching. The "V" stands for "vertical". Lookup
values must appear in the first column of the table, with lookup columns to the right.

Syntax

=VLOOKUP (value, table, col_index, [range_lookup])

q. find out the gross salary for emp id 16.

3.2 HLOOKUP

HLOOKUP is an Excel function to lookup and retrieve data from a specific row in table. The
"H" in HLOOKUP stands for "horizontal", where lookup values appear in the first row of the
table, moving horizontally to the right. HLOOKUP supports approximate and exact matching.

Syntax
=HLOOKUP (value, table, row_index, [range_lookup])

q. find out color for car model a8.

3.3 INDEX MATCH

INDEX finds the lookup value by column and row numbers, and MATCH provides those numbers.
For vertical lookup, you use the MATCH function only to determine the row number and supply
the column range directly to INDEX.
=INDEX (column to return a value from, MATCH (lookup value, column to look up against, 0)

Q. give index match for gross salary 60000 in terms of first name
PIVOT TABLE
A pivot table is a summary of your data, packaged in a chart that lets you report on and explore
trends based on your information. Pivot tables are particularly useful if you have long rows or
columns that hold values you need to track the sums of and easily compare to one another.

In other words, pivot tables extract meaning from that seemingly endless jumble of numbers on
your screen. And more specifically, it lets you group your data together in different ways so you
can draw helpful conclusions more easily.

The "pivot" part of a pivot table stems from the fact that you can rotate (or pivot) the data in the
table in order to view it from a different perspective. To be clear, you're not adding to, subtracting
from, or otherwise changing your data when you make a pivot. Instead, you're simply reorganizing
the data so you can reveal useful information from it.

STEPS:

1. Enter your data into a range of rows and columns.

2. Sort your data by a specific attribute.
3. Highlight your cells to create your pivot table.
4. Drag and drop a field into the "Row Labels" area.
5. Drag and drop a field into the "Values" area.
6. Fine-tune your calculations.

4.1 Creation of a pivot table

 4.2 Question: Make a pivot table from the given data showing the price of each region
and book name.

Rows: Region, book name

Column: Book type
Value: Book price
4.3 Substitution of a count function

▪ Countif

Countif function via Pivot Table

1. Go to values click on the field name

2. click on value field settings
3. choose the type of calculation you want for ex. count then click ok.

To find out the no. of book types?

▪ Extracting Data From The Pivot TABLE

Q. To find out the full record of the particular book

Double click the book name
 CHARTS

In Microsoft Excel, a chart is often called a graph. It is a visual representation of data from a
worksheet that can bring more understanding to the data than just looking at the numbers.

A chart is a powerful tool that allows you to visually display data in a variety of different chart
formats such as Bar, Column, Pie, Line, Area, Doughnut, Scatter, Surface, or Radar charts. With
Excel, it is easy to create a chart.

Create a chart

1. Select the data for which you want to create a chart.

2. Click INSERT > Recommended Charts.
3. On the Recommended Charts tab, scroll through the list of charts that Excel recommends for
your data, and click any chart to see how your data will look.
4. If you don’t see a chart you like, click All Charts to see all the available chart types.
5. When you find the chart you like, click it > OK.
6. Use the Chart Elements, Chart Styles, and Chart Filters buttons, next to the upper-right corner
of the chart to add chart elements like axis titles or data labels, customize the look of your chart,
or change the data that is shown in the chart.
7. To access additional design and formatting features, click anywhere in the chart to add
the CHART TOOLS to the ribbon, and then click the options you want on
the DESIGN and FORMAT tabs.
5.1 BAR GRAPH

5.2 COLUMN GRAPH

Q: Give the descriptive analysis of region wise sales.

Pie chart

Q: Give a holistic representation of the inters data on sales by each means across all the
regions.
LINE GRAPH
 QUESTIONNAIRE

Google Forms gives users an easy way to create a survey that contains as many questions as
they need to ask, in a variety styles. From planning an event to getting anonymous answers to
tough questions, there are a ton of useful things you can do with Google Forms.
From multiple choice questions to a linear scale, Google Forms gives you a handful of options
for asking questions. You can also decorate your survey to fit its theme and opt to make certain
questions mandatory.

While Google Forms surveys are typically sent and answered via email, you can also have
people fill in answers on a web page, embed the questionnaire on a site and share it via social
media. Here are our step-by-step instructions for how to create a survey with Google Forms.

STEPS TO MAKE A QUESTONNAIRE:

1. Click on the dots button.
2. Click on more. Then click on forms.

2. Click on go to google forms.

 3. Click on Blank document.

Start creating your questionnaire

1. Name your survey. You can also add a description. If you want to name the Google Form for
your own reference, click Untitled form in the top left corner to edit.

2.Tap on Untitled Question and write a question.

3. Select an option for how the question will be answered. Out of

• Short answer and Paragraph give recipients a blank field to fill in.
• Multiple choice lets users select one answer from a series of options,
while Checkboxes allows users to select multiple answers.
• Dropdown gives recipients a field to click that reveals a menu they will select an answer
from.
• Linear scale allows users to answer by selecting a rating from a range such as 1 to 5.
• Multiple choice grid and check box grid allow recipients to match the options
• Date and Time allow recipients to select a date or time.
▪ Linking to google sheet

To link your questionnaire to google spreadsheet

1. Go to responses then click on Google spreadsheet icon
2. Click on create.

▪ Response Sheet
▪ Summary

This my questionnaire on Political Review

Analysis and interpretation of questionnaire
 7. Importing Data Form MS Excel in SPSS
There are a number of different ways to import data into SPSS. We’re going to use a method that
allows backward compatibility with older versions of SPSS.

To start, click File -> Open -> Data (as below).

Once you click Data, the Open Data box will appear.

In the Files of type box, you need to select Excel (see 1 above, though obviously things will look
slightly different if you’re using a Mac). Then navigate to the folder that contains your Excel file,
and you’ll see your Excel file pop up (see 2 above). Open the file, and you’ll get the Read Excel
File dialog box.

Read Excel File Dialog Box

This dialog box offers a number of options. Mainly these are self-explanatory, but it is probably
worth explaining the “Percentage of values that determine data type” option. This is how the
latest version of SPSS assigns a data type to your variables. The percentage is the proportion of
values in a particular column that must match a specific data type for SPSS to assign that data
type to a variable. In our example, a variable will be assigned to a particular data type if 95% of
values match that type (for example, if 95% of values are numeric in form). The value can be any
number above 50. If SPSS is unable to determine a data type on this basis it will assign the
variable to a string type.

Once you’ve selected the options you require, and checked your data looks okay in the preview
window, press OK to begin the import.
 8. Entering Data in Data View and Variable
Check Your Data Within SPSS

SPSS will import your data into a new Data View with variable names at the top.

Obviously, the first thing to do here is to check that the data has come across
successfully. If everything looks okay, the next stage is to check whether the various data
parameters have been set correctly. Is numerical data correctly set as numerical, for
example?

To check this, click on the Variable View tab (see red arrow, above). This will bring up
the variable view within SPSS.

Variable View

As you can see from the image below, SPSS did a good job with our sample data,
correctly identifying SubjectID, Gender, DogOwner and FrisbeeThrowing as data type
numeric, and Education as data type string.
 Introduction of SPSS
Spss is a widely used program for statistical analysis in social science. It is also used by market
researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing
organizations, data miners, and others. The original spss manual (nie, bent & hull, 1970) has been
described as one of "sociology's most influential books" for allowing ordinary researchers to do
their own statistical analysis. in addition to statistical analysis, data management (case selection,
file reshaping, creating derived data) and data documentation (a metadata dictionary is stored in
the data file) are features of the base software.

Statistics included in the base software:

• Descriptive statistics: cross tabulation, frequencies, descriptive, explore, descriptive ratio

statistics
• Bivariatestatistics: means, t-test, anova, correlation (bivariate,parital,
distances), nonparametic tests, bayesian
• Prediction for numerical outcomes: linear regression
• Prediction for identifying groups: factor analysis, cluster analysis (two-step, k-
means, hierarchical), discriminant
• Geo spatial analysis, simulation
• r extension (gui), python

Advantages of SPSS
1. Data Collection and Organization

Researchers often use SPSS as data collection tools. The data entry screen in SPSS is
very similar to any other spreadsheet software. We can enter variables and quantitative
data and save the file as a data file. Also, we can organize the data in SPS by assigning
properties to different variables. For example, we can specify a variable as a nominal
variable and store that information in SPSS. The next time we visit a data file, possibly
weeks, months, or even years, we'll be able to see precisely how the data is organized.

2. Data Output
 After we collect the data and enter it into the data table in SPSS, we can create the output
file from the data. For example, we can create a frequency distribution of data to
determine whether the dataset is typically distributed. The frequency distribution is
displayed in the output file. We can export the items from the output file and put them
into the research article we're writing. Therefore, we can get a table or graph directly
from the SPSS data output file instead of recreating the chart or graph.

3. Statistical Tests

The most apparent use of SPSS is to use the software for statistical testing. SPSS has
statistical tests built into all the most widely used in the software. Therefore, we do not
have to complete any mathematical procedures by hand. After the statistical analysis is
run, all relevant outputs are displayed in the data output file. We can also transform data
by performing advanced statistical transformations.

Windows>program>IBM SPSS Statistics 19

DESCRIPTIVE

Q:1 the coach of a high school swim team runes a practice for 10 swimmers and records their time
(in sec) on a piece of paper each swimmer is practicing the 50 M freestyle and the boys on the
team teaser that they did better than girls the coach wants to analyses these results to see what the
facts are. He cods the gender as F(Female) for the girls and M(males) for the boys.

Name Gender Time taken

Sara F 29.34
Jason M 30.98
Juana F 29.78
Duwna F 34.16
Phil M 39.66
Henna F 44.38
Sam M 37.80
Ben M 40.71
Abby F 37.03
Justin M 32.81
H0- There is no significant relationship between age and fats food preference.
Descriptives
FPP
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
Std. Std. Lower Minimu Maximu
N Mean Deviation Error Bound Upper Bound m m
1-10 3 4.6667 .57735 .33333 3.2324 6.1009 4.00 5.00
11-20 2 4.5000 .70711 .50000 -1.8531 10.8531 4.00 5.00
21-30 14 3.5000 1.40055 .37431 2.6913 4.3087 1.00 5.00
31-40 4 2.0000 .81650 .40825 .7008 3.2992 1.00 3.00
41-50 2 1.0000 .00000 .00000 1.0000 1.0000 1.00 1.00
Total 25 3.2800 1.51438 .30288 2.6549 3.9051 1.00 5.00

The table of descriptives given above shows the mean score for fats food preference calculated
on a scale of 1-5. The maximum number of respondants existed of your age 21-30. The highest
mean score of your fast food preference was shown by the age group 1-10 years (S.D. =0.57) and
the lowest mean score for fast food preference was shown by 41-50 years ( S.D.= 0.00)

ANOVA

FPP

Sum of
Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 26.373 4 6.593 4.600 .009

Within Groups 28.667 20 1.433

Total 55.040 24

The ANOVA table given above has F=4.60 P<0.09, thus the Null hypotheisis is rejected as their
exists a staistiaclly significant relationship between age and fastb food preference at 5% level o
significance.
The mean plot given above clearly show that the fast food preference was shown highest of the
age group 1-10 and he lowest is 41-50
FREQUENCIES
There were 5 males and 5 females.

Descriptive statistics has been used to calculate frequencies and destructives depending upon
type of data
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION
 21/02/2020

From the above graph obtain it can be interpreted that male take more time than female, hence
Female are more efficient.
 Correlation and multiple regression analysis

Q. A sample of 34 stores in the chain is selected for a test market study of XYZ ltd. The store
selective have approx. the same monthly sales volume. two independent variables are
considered. the price which is measure in cents (X1) and the monthly budget for in store
promoted expenditure measure in dollar. The dependent variable y is the no. of power bar sold in
a month following table contain the data from 34 store.

STORE NO. SALES(Y) PRICE(X1) PROMOSTION(X2)

1. 4141 59 200

2 3842 59 200

3 3056 59 200

4 3519 59 200

5 4226 59 400

6 4630 59 400

7 3507 59 400

8 3754 59 400

9 5000 59 600

10 5120 59 600

11 4011 59 600

12 5015 59 600

13 1916 79 200

14 675 79 200

15 3636 79 200

16 3224 79 200

17 2295 79 400

18 2730 79 400

19 2618 79 400

20 4421 79 400

21 4113 79 600

22 3746 79 600
 23 3532 79 600

24 3825 79 600

25 1096 99 200

26 761 99 200

27 2088 99 200

28 820 99 200

29 2114 99 400

30 1882 99 400

31 2159 99 400

32 1602 99 400

33 3354 99 600

34 2927 99 600

NULL hypothesis for correlation

H1: there is no relationship btw price and sale

h2: there is no relationship btw price and promotion

there is no impact of promotion on sales

 Descriptive Statistics
Std.
Mean Deviation N
sales of power 3098.68 1256.422 34
bar
Price 77.82 16.286 34
promotion 388.24 162.862 34
 Correlations
sales of power
bar price promotion
Pearson Correlation sales of power bar 1.000 -.735 .535

Price -.735 1.000 -.097

Promotion .535 -.097 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) sales of power bar . .000 .001

Price .000 . .293

Promotion .001 .293 .
N sales of power bar 34 34 34

Price 34 34 34
Promotion 34 34 34

Variables Entered/Removed
Variables Variables
Model Entered Removed Method
1 promotion, . Enter
price
a. All requested variables entered.
b. Dependent Variable: sales of power bar
 Model Summary
Change Statistics
Std. Error F
Mode R Adjusted of the R Square Chang Sig. F Durbin-
l R Square R Square Estimate Change e df1 df2 Change Watson
1 .870a .758 .742 638.065 .758 48.477 2 31 .000 2.282
a. Predictors: (Constant), promotion, price
b. Dependent Variable: sales of power bar

ANOVA
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 39472730.77 2 19736365.38 48.477 .000a
3 7
Residual 12620946.66 31 407127.312
8
Total 52093677.44 33
1
a. Predictors: (Constant), promotion, price
b. Dependent Variable: sales of power bar
 Coefficientsa
Unstandardized Standardized
Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 5837.521 628.150 9.293 .000
price -53.217 6.852 -.690 -7.766 .000
promotion 3.613 .685 .468 5.273 .000
a. Dependent Variable: sales of power bar

Residuals Statistics
Maximu Std.
Minimum m Mean Deviation N
Predicted Value 1291.62 4865.53 3098.68 1093.683 34
Residual -1680.963 1342.426 .000 618.428 34
Std. Predicted -1.652 1.616 .000 1.000 34
Value
Std. Residual -2.634 2.104 .000 .969 34
Saving and coping results from output window