EXCEL 2022

DOMINATE MICROSOFT EXCEL &

MASTER THE 101 MOST POPULAR
FORMULAS FROM SCRATCH |
BECOME A PRO IN 5 MINUTES A DAY
WITH PRACTICAL AND STEP BY STEP
TUTORIALS

BENJAMIN ZELDOVICH
 Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT EXCEL

WHAT IS EXCEL?
HISTORY OF MICROSOFT EXCEL
WHY USE AND LEARN EXCEL?
EXAMPLES OF USING EXCEL
WHERE TO DOWNLOAD IT?
CHAPTER 2. MICROSOFT EXCEL

EXCEL IN MOBILE PHONES

OFFICE PACKAGE THAT INCLUDES EXCEL
OBTAINING FREE MICROSOFT EXCEL
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MICROSOFT EXCEL PROGRAM
TOP 10 FEATURES OF MS EXCEL

CHAPTER 3. EXCEL INTERFACE

NAVIGATING EXCEL
CREATING A NEW SPREADSHEET (STEP-BY-STEP EXAMPLE)
QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR
HOME TAB
INSERT TAB
DATA MODEL
PAGE LAYOUT TAB
FORMULAS TAB
DATA TAB
REVIEW TAB
THE VIEW TAB
HELP TAB

CHAPTER 4. EXCEL FORMULAS

ENTERING FORMULA
COMPLEX FORMULAS: ORDER OF MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS IN EXCEL
COPYING FORMULA WITH REFERENCES

CHAPTER 5. EXCEL FOR BEGINNERS

 THE BASICS OF MICROSOFT EXCEL
CHAPTER 6. EXCEL FOR MEDIUM LEVEL USERS

EXCEL’S INTERMEDIATE FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS

EXCEL SHORTCUTS AND TIPS
CHAPTER 7. EXCEL FOR ADVANCED USERS

ADVANCED FORMULAS

CHAPTER 8. TABLES IN MICROSOFT EXCEL

DEFINING EXCEL TABLE FEATURE

EXCEL TABLE BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS
TYPES OF TABLES
CREATING THE TABLE
SORT AND FILTER THE DATA
RENAME AN EXCEL TABLE
CREATE A TABLE WITH SPECIFIC STYLE
SHOW TOTALS IN A TABLE
MODIFY AND ADD TOTALS
FORMULA OUTSIDE THE TABLE
ADD A COUNTER FIELD
PRINT EXCEL TABLE ONLY
CHAPTER 9. EXCEL CHARTS

TYPES OF CHARTS
CUSTOMIZING CHARTS
CREATING SPARKLINE CHARTS
ADD/REMOVE CHART TITLES
ADDING DATA POINT LABELS
ADD A LEGEND
MODIFY CHART SIZE
CREATE A CHART TEMPLATE
CHAPTER 10. ANALYZE DATA WITH EXCEL

MAKE PIVOT TABLE

ANALYZING DATA SETS WITH EXCEL
TIPS AND TRICKS
DATA ANALYSIS
 DATA VISUALIZATION
DATA REPORTING
THE IMPORTANCE OF REPORTING ALL RESULTS
CHAPTER 11. MISTAKES IN MICROSOFT EXCEL

PRINTING DIFFICULTIES
PASTING ERROR
FORMULAS NOT WORKING
FORMULA VIEW
HASHES IN THE CELL
PAGE BREAKS
EXCEL SECURITY
CHAPTER 12. EXCEL AND DAILY LIFE
DATA ANALYSIS AND STORAGE
EXCEL’S APPLICATIONS HELP ONE TO DO THE JOB FASTER AND MORE EFFICIENTLY
SPREADSHEETS AND DATA RECOVERY
MS EXCEL’S MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS MAKE THE CALCULATION SIMPLER
SECURITY
GET DATA DISPLAYS MORE SOPHISTICATEDLY
ONLINE ACCESS
KEEPS ALL OF THE DATA IN ONE PLACE
ASSISTS BUSINESSPEOPLE IN IMPLEMENTING LONG-TERM STRATEGIES
MANAGE EXPENSES
CHAPTER 13. BUSINESS AND MICROSOFT EXCEL

BUSINESS USES FOR MICROSOFT EXCEL

BENEFITS OF MICROSOFT EXCEL
CONCLUSION
 Introduction
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet tool created by Microsoft that allows users
to organize, organise, and calculate data via the use of mathematical
formulas. This software is a component of the Microsoft Office suite,
although it can also communicate with other Office applications. Microsoft
Excel, like many other Microsoft Office products, is now offered as a
cloud-based subscription service via Office 365. Developed by Microsoft,
MS Excel is a professional spreadsheet tool that has been produced for use
with the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS operating systems, respectively.
It provides, among other things, the ability to do basic arithmetic, make use
of graphing tools, create pivot tables, and program macros.
Spreadsheet tools such as Microsoft Excel make use of a collection of cells
that are grouped into rows and columns in order to actually organize and
manage data. They may also display data visually via the use of charts,
histograms, and line graphs. Using Microsoft Excel, users may arrange data
in order to see different elements from a variety of perspectives. Microsoft
Visual Basic is actually a programming language that may be used to create
a variety of advanced numerical methods in Microsoft Excel, and it is
available for free download. Developers have the option of creating code
directly in the Visual Basic Editor, which includes Windows for
troubleshooting and organizing code modules.
Excel is helpful for data analysis and documentation. Spreadsheet program
with columns and rows; each intersection is a "cell." Each cell contains one
bit of data. You may make information simpler to locate and automatically
pull information from moving information by arranging the data in this
manner. Microsoft Excel played a critical role in accounting and record-
keeping for company operations in the initial periods of accessible PC
business computing. A table with an autosum format is one of the finest
examples of an MS Excel use case. Entering a column of data and clicking
into a cell at the end of the spreadsheet, as well as using the "autosum"
option to enable that column to add up all of the values input above, is
extremely simple with Microsoft Excel. This replaces manual ledger counts,
which were a time-consuming aspect of business prior to the development
of the contemporary spreadsheet.
Because of the autosum feature and other enhancements, Microsoft Excel
has become a must-have for many forms of corporate computing, such as
analyzing daily, weekly, or monthly numbers, tabulating payroll or taxes,
and doing other equivalent business activities, among other things. Because
of a wide range of straightforward application scenarios, Microsoft Excel
has emerged as a prominent end-user technology that is useful in training
and professional development. Because Microsoft Excel has been included
in basic business diploma courses on computer-assisted drafting for a
number of years, temporary employment firms may assess people's skills
with Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel in order to hire them for a wide
range of clerical jobs.
Microsoft Excel, on the other hand, has become entirely outdated in certain
respects as business technology has progressed. This is due to a notion is
known as "visual dashboard" technology, sometimes known as "data
visualization." In general, businesses and suppliers have devised innovative
new methods to graphically display data that do not need end-users to
examine a conventional spreadsheet with columns of numbers and IDs.
Instead, they use graphs, charts, and other complex displays to better grasp
and comprehend the data. People have learned that "reading" a visual
presentation is much simpler.
The application cases for Microsoft Excel have changed as a result of the
data visualization concept. Whereas in the past, companies may have used
Microsoft Excel to manage hundreds of entries, today's commercial use
cases often include spreadsheets that handle just a few dozen variables for
each project. If the spreadsheet has more than a few dozen rows, the
information will be more effective shown on a visual dashboard than in a
conventional spreadsheet style.
Spreadsheets, second only to word processors, have become one of the most
common types of computer software. Data, mathematical formulae, text,
and images may all be combined in a single report and workbook using
spreadsheet software. As a result, spreadsheets have become essential
commercial tools, as well as being widely used in scientific research. Excel,
in particular, has received widespread praise for its simplicity of use and
capability. As spreadsheets' power and simplicity of use have grown, there
has been a surge in interest in utilizing them in the classroom. Due to the
widespread availability of spreadsheet software at colleges and institutions,
a statistics teacher may teach a course without asking students to buy extra
software. It would be dishonest not to add a few cautions now that we've
highlighted Excel's benefits for teaching fundamental statistics.
Spreadsheets are not statistics programs. Therefore, their ability to replace a
full-featured statistics program is limited. Equitable two-way analysis of
variance is simple in Excel, while unequal two-way analysis of variance is
difficult. Spreadsheets also have limitations when it comes to processing
data with null values.
This book is intended for home and corporate users of Microsoft Office
applications who wish to utilize Excel to organize their data, produce
meaningful studies and visualizations, as well as uncover information into
their processes utilizing Excel's extensive business intelligence analytical
capabilities. The book's material is intended for individuals who already
have already utilized older versions of Excel as well as those who are
learning Excel for the very first time.
 Chapter 1. Introduction to Microsoft Excel
What is Excel?
Excel is a Microsoft Office application that many people are familiar with.
Because of its spreadsheet nature, it's widely applicable. Different kinds of
data can be organized, calculated and kept data saved for future use. Excel
grid interface allows you to organize virtually any type of data you can
think of. Excel strength rests in its ability to let you design the layout and
structure of the data you wish to organize, whatever you see fit. Microsoft
Excel is the highly used spreadsheet in the world.
Excel spreadsheets allow you to work with tables of numerical data
organized in columns and rows that can be modified using a wide variety of
arithmetic operations and functions. With Excel, you can do simple
calculations, use graphing tools, and build pivot tables, macro and many
other useful things. They can also show data graphs, such as bar charts,
histograms, and line graphs. Microsoft excel is compatible with different
operating systems that include Mac, Android, Windows and IOS.
Organizing and manipulating data is easier using Microsoft Excel, which
uses rows and columns. Numbers are used to representing spreadsheet
rows, whereas alphabets are given to column headers. Excel may use Visual
Basic for Applications (VBA) to program in Excel, and you can use DDE
(Microsoft's Dynamic Data Exchange) to retrieve data from other sources.

History of Microsoft Excel

Twenty-seven years ago, the first version of Microsoft Excel was released
for Macintosh systems, while the Windows version was introduced in 1987.
Following are the versions and features released of excel for windows up
till now.
Excel 1.0 was released in 1985 and is the only version released
for Macintosh.
Excel 2.0 was the first windows version released in 1987.
Excel 3.0 was released in 1990, in which features related to the
toolbar, drawing capabilities, outlining were included.
Excel 4.0 was released in 1992 with a variety of new features.
Excel 5.0 was introduced in 1993 and was included in Microsoft
office 4.0; multi-sheet workbooks and support of VBA was the
highlighted feature included in this version.
Excel 7.0 was released in 1995 and was part of Microsoft office
95. There were few changes in this version, but it was much
faster and stable than Excel 5.0.
Excel 8.0 was released in 1997 and was part of Microsoft office
in 1997. Office assistance and validation was the main feature
introduced in this version.
Excel 9.0 was released in 2000 and part of Microsoft office 2000
with a self-repair document feature.
Excel 10.0 was released in 2002 and was part of Microsoft Office
XP. The main highlighted feature in this version was identifying
any error in formula and recovering spreadsheets whenever excel
crashes.
Excel 11.0, commonly known as excel 2003, was released in
2003 and part of Microsoft office 2003. The most important
feature introduced in this version was improved support of XML.
Excel 2007 was introduced in 2007. The main highlighted
feature of Microsoft Excel 2007 was the introduction of the
ribbon system.
Excel 14.0 was introduced in 2010 with major updates. The
improved features in this version of Microsoft excel were the
inclusion of new graphic designs, improvement in a pivot table
and many others.
Excel 15.0, commonly known as Microsoft excel 2015, was
released in 2015. In this version, Microsoft introduced more than
50 new features.
Excel 2016 was released in 2016. Histogram was the new thing
added in this version with many other features.
 Excel 16.0 or Excel 2019 was released in 2018 with the addition
of new charts in it.
Excel 2020 with new updates was released in 2020

Why Use and Learn Excel?

As excel is easy to use because of the ability to add and remove information
without causing any difficulty, MS Excel is frequently utilized for a wide
range of tasks. When it comes to anything involving financial activity,
Excel is a need. Making new spreadsheets with bespoke formulae for
everything from a basic quarterly forecast to an entire corporate annual
report makes Excel enticing for many people. Excel is popular for
organizing and monitoring common information like sales leads, project
progress *reports, contact lists, and billing.
Finally, Excel comes in handy when working with huge datasets in science
and statistics. Using Excel statistical formulae and graphing features,
researchers may more easily do variance analysis and visualize large
amounts of data. Microsoft Excel plays a vital role in so many industries. In
the following departments, the importance of Microsoft Excel may be
observed.
Calculations:
When it comes to conducting computations, Microsoft Excel becomes
useful. Basic math, statistics, and even engineering tasks are all included in
the software. Excel can handle calculations that take multiple iterations to
arrive at a final solution by inserting only a few simple formula
components.
Create Graphs/Charts:
Different departments can portray statistical data more visually by using
Microsoft Excel various charts.
Formatting:
Excel also includes a tool for formatting cells. The cell formatting function
comes in helpful when trying to figure out how things work. If a certain
result is found, the cells can be structured to show that way. These are some
uses that have been described above.
Microsoft Excel can conduct a wide range of functions and tasks. To this
day, spreadsheets are the most effective tools for analyzing data. It's not the
sole tool for handling all data tasks, but it's one of the most cost-effective
and dependable options available for data analysis. Because it's built on
your knowledge of the analytics process, it serves as a solid basis for
generating intelligent data. For this reason, organizations continue to
emphasize the significance of Excel as the most intelligent approach to
obtain useful insights. Despite this, the method continues to be beneficial.

Examples of Using Excel

For regular official tasks, the Microsoft Excel program offers a broad range
of functions and capabilities. Let's look at how different sorts of consumers
throughout the globe utilize Microsoft Excel capabilities in their everyday
lives.
In Education Sector

Teachers might employ table layouts, forms, charts, data tools, and
algorithms to instruct pupils in the classroom. Excel allows students to
understand and solve fundamental and logical-mathematical issues as well
as statistics. Teachers may teach students by using an Excel sheet to create a
table. They may use color to highlight more attractive cells, emphasize
critical numbers, and use bars and charts to illustrate data.
In Business Sector

Does anyone believe that a business owner, whether small or large, can be
effective and run their firm without using Microsoft Excel? The Microsoft
Excel program is utilized in a variety of business situations. Goal-setting,
budgeting, and planning, team leadership, account management, revenue
and expenditure calculations, product offerings value, and client data
management are all examples of commercial activities. Microsoft Excel is
used in business to make everyday official processes more efficient, precise,
and predictable. Excel has a lot of valuable tools, including filters, charts,
conditional formatting, pivot tables, and logical and financial formulae.
 Data Analysis

Working for an internet company or website owner requires a lot of data

analysis (e-commerce, blog, forums, etc.). Tracking website traffic, sales
revenue, user reviews, marketing strategies, user activity, and events are just
some things that are done. Such a task takes a long time and requires a lot
of thought, mainly when things don't go as planned.
For online company owners and consumers, the Microsoft Excel program
has a lot of advantages. Filtering users' data by nation, filtering consumers
by age, applying conditional formulae to massive data, and so on are
routine everyday activities with which excel can help you.
Goals Setting and Planning

Financial, professional, and physical objectives may all be planned using

Microsoft Excel. These provide you with a clear perspective of something
to concentrate on while keeping you on track. These actions and tasks are
accomplished by creating spreadsheets, plan papers, and logs utilizing
Excel to track progress and reach the finish line.

Where to Download It?

The latest version of Microsoft Excel is available on the Microsoft website
and can be downloaded from there. It is the official website of Microsoft,
and you can download it from here: https://www.microsoft.com/en-
ww/microsoft-365/excel.
Buy it or try it for free and signup on the website. There are different plans
and licenses available for this program. There is a license for Home and
Business. See the plans and pricing of these licenses. With the Home
license, there are three types of licenses. One for your usage, second for a
family for 2 to 6 people, third for a student, you can only use on a single
computer or laptop. The pricing is different for each one for a year. With
Business one, there are four kinds of plans, i.e., Basic, Standard, Premium,
and Apps for Business. Each plan has different features with different
pricing for a year.
Companies mix them to get different kinds of features and improved
functions according to their requirement.
 Chapter 2. Microsoft Excel
MS Excel is a database program that was created by Microsoft in 1985 for
the primary purpose of assisting companies in compiling all of their
financial records, as well as annual credit and debit sheets.
Excel is a very powerful application that offers countless opportunities to
improve and track the efficiency of our daily tasks. Designed to improve the
storing, analysis, and calculations on large sets of data, Excel has the
potential to massively boost work productivity and efficiency for the
knowledgeable user.
It is disheartening to witness how many people only view excel as a data
storage tool, where each data point is manually typed… a brainless task that
consumes countless hours of your day.
Excel is much more, it is a very powerful platform with the potential to
automate a vast amount of tasks and operations. When used correctly,
format templates can be defined and transferred to any future document.
Formulas to execute analyses and mathematical operations on large datasets
can be typed quickly and adapted to future documents easily. Logic checks
can be defined to ensure boundaries or testing conditions are met by your
data.
Data can be effectively organized and formatted to build clear, effective,
and concise reports that will present your results in a convincing and
professional way. The range of tools and functionality available for
statistical analysis is immense, allowing users to tackle very large amounts
of data.
When you open an Excel sheet, there are 5 main areas that you should be
prepared for:
The quick access toolbar: this is a place where all the tools can be accessed
from in Excel. A new Excel sheet will only have 3 icons, which are save,
undo and redo. You can always add any other features that you feel are
important to this part of the sheet in order to make it easy to access the new
features from anywhere.
Excel is very useful for a number of reasons and the most important one
here is in order to handle data well. The program offers all the features and
the simplicity to enter data and handle it in a much easier way. It has
enough grids to be able to manage and handle a large amount of data at a
go. Data in Excel can be manipulated with so much ease, thanks to some of
the best features like find, copy, paste, highlight, styles, go to, and many
more. This makes Excel one of the most important programs in any office.
Generation of data is an everyday process in any business and organization
and much of this data is important for as long as the business exists.

Excel in Mobile Phones

Microsoft Office software includes all of Microsoft Corporation's core
products. When you purchase and install this software on your computer,
you gain access to a variety of Microsoft products, including Excel. There
are versions of Office available for purchase on the office.com website, as
well as in various online and physical retail stores. Microsoft currently sells
Office 2019 and Office 365 on their website. They also advertise Microsoft
365, which is more significant (formally Office 365). So, if you don't
already have Office installed on your computer, you may upgrade to the 365
edition, which comes with a slew of new capabilities.
Using a Mobile App to actually Share an Excel File
Follow these steps to share your Excel file once you've finished preparing
it:
Tap the share icon in the top right-hand corner of the Excel
interface.
Choose whether to send your file as an attachment to others via
email or to share it through OneDrive.

You may effortlessly collaborate with others when you choose to share
using OneDrive. You can transmit it by typing the email addresses of the
individuals you want to share it with. You can also obtain a link that you
can share with others by emailing it to their phone numbers and sharing it
with them through social media platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp.
Keep in mind that OneDrive is a Microsoft cloud storage service.
When you select Share as an attachment, a box will appear where you can
enter the email addresses of the particular people to whom you actually
want to send the Excel file. Simply enter their email addresses, or a single
email address if you're only mailing to one person, and then send the file.
Using a Mobile App to actually Save an Excel Document
I'll also teach you about this important topic. Automatic Excel file saving is
enabled by default in the Excel App for smartphones. As a result, you may
not need to take any action. If you want to save the file manually and give it
a unique name, follow these steps:
At the top right-hand corner of the workbook interface, tap the
ellipsis (three dots arranged vertically).
Save the file among the options.
Fill up the blanks with the name you wish the Excel file to have.
Tap ‘Save’ to save your file anywhere; you can put it on your
phone, which is referred to this device, or you can save it in your
OneDrive account.

Office Package that includes Excel

There are a few places where you may purchase and install Office on your
PC. The following are some of the outlets:
The Microsoft and Office websites provide access to the Microsoft Office
website.
www.amazon.com is the official website of Amazon.
Walmart is a retailer that can be found at Walmart.
As well as a variety of other physical computer software retailers.
When you go to www.microsoft.com, for example, Microsoft will suggest
that you that the Microsoft 365 package for your computer. This is because
the software has many useful new features added to the package's
components.
When you go to www.amazon.com, on the other hand, you will be taken to
the website's home page. Select Software as your search option from the
dropdown at the upper left-hand side of the site's search field.
You should utilize the search box on the Indigo Software Company's
website, indigosoftware.com, to find the version of Office you wish to
install on your computer. The company will walk you through the
procedures of installation and activation.
Walmart, like Amazon, still sells various versions of Office software on
their website. When you open the site, utilize the search box to look for the
Office version you wish to buy. If the version is still available, you can pay
for it, download it, install it, and activate it.
You can acquire any Office application you choose from any computer
software provider near you. The seller will also walk you through the
installation and activation of the application bundle.

Obtaining Free Microsoft Excel

The Microsoft Corporation has just released a new product. It gives you
online access to Microsoft Excel without having to pay for the software, but
only with limited features. Other Microsoft programs, such as Microsoft
Word, Outlook, Publisher, One Note, OneDrive, Skype, and others, are
available to you for free. However, because Excel is our main interest, we
shall concentrate on it.
You must follow these steps to gain free access to Excel:
Visit the Office website, preferably using your Chrome browser, with your
computer connected to the internet.
When you actually first arrive on the site's homepage, you'll see something
similar to this:
If the Sign up for the free version of Office link is not visible on the
website's homepage when you visit it, simply click Sign in and then pick
Sign up when the link appears. Simply enter your email address under the
Create Account section of the new page that appears after you click Sign
up. It might be your Gmail, Yahoo, or any other email account.
You'll be logged in to the Office online platform once you've finished
setting up your Microsoft account.
You can click Excel once you've logged in. Excel will open after you click
it, and you can begin inputting data into the cells. As we progress, I'll teach
you more about data entry.

The Importance of the Microsoft Excel Program

The Microsoft Excel application is extremely important in today's culture.
Because of its significance, it is the most widely used spreadsheet
application in the world today. Excel is extremely vital in our day-to-day
operations.

Top 10 Features of MS Excel

The following are the top 10 Excel features:

Pivot Tables

They’re used to sort, count, sum, or average data, from a single spreadsheet
and show it in a new chart, allowing you to cut and paste as required. That
is the most critical aspect of this feature. It's simple to limit the search to
revenue numbers for individual regions, product categories, or marketing
platforms. This way, you can actually ensure that the data is free of errors.
Add Multiple Rows

Perhaps it is one of the most performed spreadsheet operations. The

shortcut is Ctrl-Shift +, but it takes a while, so we suggest Right Click
instead. If you choose to actually add more than one, pick the desired
number of columns or rows, then Right Click and then Add.
Print Optimisation
Printing can be a pain for all. Imagine that anything you printed was just
what you wanted to print. It is, in fact, feasible. Print preview, changing
margins, fit to one page, print selection, portrait vs. landscape, printing
headers, and spreadsheet-style are all things to consider. Spend the time to
get acquainted with it. This is a role that you will do several times in your
career.
Flash Fill

In 2013, Excel created its own unique personality. Let's just assume you
have two columns of names and need to generate email addresses from both
of them. Simply do that for the first row, and Excel will figure out what
you're talking about and complete the rest for you. This was feasible prior
to 2013, but it required a variety of steps.

Filters

Quickly explore data in a table. Filtering effectively masks non-interesting

results. Typically, if you're aiming for a specific value, such as “blue
vehicles,” filters would highlight those and conceal the others. However,
you can now filter on a number value (e.g., is more significant than, highest
10%, etc.), and cell color in more recent iterations of Excel. Where you
need to filter more than one column at the same time, such as both colors
and vehicles, to locate your blue car, filtering becomes more efficient.
Conditional Formatting

Conditional formatting, when used correctly, brings out the patterns of the
world as recorded by the spreadsheet. This has the potential to be
sophisticated. Also, the color changes, though simple, may be beneficial.
Assume that the sales department sells a certain amount of product per
month. In only three clicks, you will discover the top 10% of salespeople
and start a fruitful market discussion.
Paste Special
One of the more popular Excel tasks is grabbing (or copying) data from one
cell and pasting it into another. However, there is a lot you might want to
copy (formatting, formula, value, comments, etc.), and you might not want
to copy anything. The most popular scenario is where you try to remove the
formatting and save the data to your own spreadsheet using your own
composition.
Absolute References

Unavoidable! F4 toggles between the four possible variations by placing a

dollar in front of the letter and a dollar sign in front of the figure.

Extend Formula Across/Down

Excel’s scalability is one of the most appealing features. Excel can spit out
the correct equation a million times if you have the formula correct the first
time. The + crosshair is really useful. If you have continuous results,
double-clicking it will carry it all the way down. You will find that copying
and pasting (either standard paste or paste formulas) is more accessible.
Index-Match

It is one of the most effective Excel role combinations. It can be used to

look up a value in a large table of data and then return a value in that table.
Let's assume your organization has 10k workers, and you have a
spreadsheet with all their records, including salaries, start date, line
manager, and so on. However, you have a staff of 20 people, and you're
only involved in them. This will look up the importance of your team
members in the table (these must be special, such as an email address or an
employee number) and display the desired details for the team. It's worth
taking your time to get your mind around this because it's more versatile
and efficient than VLOOKUPs.
 Chapter 3. Excel Interface
Navigating Excel
Click on the Windows start menu and scroll down to the group of
applications starting with E. You’ll see Excel as part of the list. To access
Excel faster next time, you can pin it to the Start menu, Taskbar, or place a
shortcut on your desktop.
To pin Excel to your start menu:
1. Click on the Windows start menu.
2. Scroll down to the group of applications under E.
3. Right-click Excel and select “pin to start.”

To pin Excel to your taskbar:

1. Click on the start menu.
2. Scroll down to the group of applications under E.
3. Right-click Excel and select “More > Pin” to the taskbar.

To place a copy of Excel’s shortcut on your desktop:

1. Click on the start menu.
2. Right-click on Excel and select “More > Open file location.”
This will open the shortcut folder location of Excel.
3. In the folder, right-click on Excel and click on “copy.”
4. On your desktop, right-click any area and select “paste.”

Creating a New Spreadsheet (Step-by-Step Example)

Once Excel has opened; your screen will look similar to the following:
You’ll notice pre-made templates available. The best practice is to first
learn the basic functionality of Excel® before using these. Once you have a
better understanding of Excel®, you may modify and verify the calculations
in these templates meet your requirements.
Select the “Blank Workbook” option. After you click the option, you will
have created a “workbook” file made up of one or more worksheets. The
entire screen is displayed for easier viewing:
 Workbook

A workbook file is made up of one or more worksheets. Worksheets are

also referred to as tabs.
Worksheet

A worksheet is made of up cells displayed in a grid of rows and columns.

Cell

A cell holds one piece of information such as a number, currency value,

date, text, or formula.
Next, let’s review how to navigate and customize the toolbar (Ribbon) and
quick access toolbar.
Toolbar (Ribbon)
The toolbar, or what Microsoft® calls the “ribbon,” consists of tabs that
contain commands. There are ten default tabs.

Quick Access Toolbar

The quick access toolbar sets on top of the Ribbon. Think of this as a place
to add procedures you use the most often. For example, buttons to save,
print, undo or create a new workbook file. These commands stay constant,
regardless of what Ribbon tab is active.
Customizing the Ribbon and Quick Access Toolbar
Both the actual quick access toolbar and the Ribbon are customizable. I find
it more efficient to modify the quick access toolbar. However, you may
prefer to change the Ribbon. Below are the steps to remove or add buttons
to both the quick access toolbar and Ribbon.
To add a command button:
1. Move cursor to quick access toolbar
2. Select “More Commands…”
3. Alternatively, you may right-click over the Ribbon or the quick
access toolbar to receive the below prompt:

4. The following prompt will appear:

5. Select either “Quick Access Toolbar” or “Customize Ribbon.”
6. Select a command you would like to add.
7. Select the “Add>>” button.
8. Click the “OK” button.
To remove a command button:
1. Move cursor to “Quick Access Toolbar”
2. Select “More Commands…”
3. Select either “Quick Access Toolbar” or “Customize Ribbon”
4. Select a command you would like to remove
5. Select the “<<Remove” button
6. Click the “OK” button
 Home Tab
The home tab is primarily used for formatting, which is changing the
appearance of cell contents to improve readability or to draw focus to
specific areas. Some of the most often used commands are copy, cut, paste,
font, number, currency formatting, and conditional formatting.

The toolbar is split for easier viewing:

Copy
To copy the contents of more cells:
Select the cells you actually wish to copy and choose one of the following
options:
From the Ribbon: Home (tab), click the “copy” button (please
see the above screenshot).
Clicking the “copy” icon from the “Quick Access Toolbar”
once added to your “Quick Access Toolbar.”
From your keyboard, press shortcut keys (CTRL+C).
Right-click over the cell(s) to be copied and select “copy.”

Cut

To cut, remove the contents of more cells and move them to another
location:
Select the cells you wish to cut (move) and choose one of the following
options:
From the Ribbon: Home (tab), click the “Cut” button (please
see the above screenshot)
 Clicking the “Cut” icon from the “Quick Access Toolbar”
once added to your “Quick Access Toolbar.”
From your keyboard, press shortcut keys (CTRL+X)
Right-clicking over the cell(s) to be cut and selecting “cut.”

Paste

To paste the contents of more cells after they have been copied or cut to
another location:
Select the cells you wish to paste (move) and choose one of the following
options:
From the Ribbon: Home (tab), click the “Paste” button
(please see the above screenshot)
Clicking the “Paste” icon from the “Quick Access Toolbar”
once added to your “Quick Access Toolbar.”
From your keyboard, press shortcut keys (CTRL+V)
Clicking the “Paste” drop-down arrow and selecting one of the
“Paste Special” commands:

The main “Paste Special” options are:

 Font Options

To change the actual font style, color, and size of the contents of a cell,
selects one of the following options:

Insert Tab
The tables category allows you to generate Excel tables (for storing column
data) and pivot tables. Although the pivot tables store their data in the
workbook cells, they prevent normal access to those same cells; those cells
cannot be modified individually in the pivot table.
The drawings category within Excel allows you to incorporate digital
images, including vector graphics. Photos can be dragged from even a hard
drive or the internet, and Bing picture searches are also available. The
figures & Smart Art keys in MS-Excel can be used to create vector images.
The Screenshot function allows you to capture every detail of any window
currently open on the monitor screen.
MS Office solutions software can be found therein the Excel ribbon
applications range. Office apps are the same as Android & Apple apps;
they're just apps that Excel (or other Office software) can handle, and they
have a useful function or usefulness that isn't built into the program.
The Excel ribbon charts section enables you to link Excel & pivot diagrams
to every workbook. A pivot map seems to be a chart that uses a pivot table
as a database instead of using the regular Excel data cap.
The reports category of the MS-Ribbon contains only one item: The power
display symbol. The automatic Excel add-in that must be allowed is power
view. This enables you to generate stunning market visualizations using the
most recent Excel

Data Model
You can use the MS-Excel ribbon & also the sparklines label to add
sparklines to the workbook. Sparklines are compact maps that appear in
cells, usually next to data, and provide useful visual cues for patterns.
The filters category within the MS-Excel ribbon contains buttons for
connecting slicers & timelines to maps, columns & pivot tables. For
filtering assembled data, those two elements have quite a highly engaging
structure. Slicers can be used to filter any type of data, while timelines are
used to filter dates.
Only the hyperlink click is included in the ties category. Hyperlinks work in
a similar way across all MS Office items. You can add a hyperlink to almost
any cell or group of cells in MS Excel that will take the user to another
workbook, open a different workbook, create a new mailing address, and
open a website. The text allows one to attach text-based objects that are
located just above the worksheet's cells to an entity's layer.
There are options for inserting formulas & symbols in the Excel symbols
list. Symbols can be used in the same way as any other character in a cell.
On the other hand, calculations are inserted within the text box near the top
of its worksheet's cells on a piece's substrate. Excel has a detailed
calculation toolbar with loads of arithmetic and science signs and forms to
customize calculations.

Page Layout Tab

The themes group helps one to use the standard themes feature found in all
MS Office items. Themes provide a very quick and easy way to monitor the
overall layout of a post. When you choose items from the features, colors,
icons, and effects menus, menu items from the features are dropped. Using
trendy and well-coordinated colors, a group may alter the appearance of cell
types and graphic materials with a single hit.
The MS ribbon page configuration section contains commands that are
commonly used while printing a file, such as adjusting borders, orientation,
page size, and defining the print area.
The MS ribbon and page setup group include a launcher icon that opens the
page setup dialogue box and allows you to use the page setting tab.
A scale-to-suit section contains the commands found in the page
configuration dialogue's scaling section.
A launcher icon is included in the MS ribbon in size to match the section
that displays its page config dialogue box, activated by a page tab choice.
The sheet options tab and the excel ribbon can hide and display gridlines,
column, and row headings on all computers and while printing.
The sheet options tab, including the excel ribbon, both have a launcher icon
that opens the page setup dialogue box when the sheet tab parameters are
selected.
The “organize” category and the excel ribbon both have several different
tab choices. It includes commands like send to back, carry to front, or party
that help you align and organize your objects.

Formulas Tab
The formula category option allows one to connect most of Excel's several
hundred formula tasks. The functions are divided into classes, with its final
stage (Further Functions) disclosing all categories without a decline-down
menu in a submenu’s series. There is no need for a launcher logo in this
category since the main formula-linked dialogue (Insert Structure) is
accessible via the final drop-down option in each of those drop-down
choices.
The identified names group on the Excel Ribbon is related to creating and
managing names. On the other hand, “names” is merely an Excel tool that
allows you to link a text (name) mark to a collection of cells, an equation,
and perhaps a static (taxation rates) attribute. You should use the name of
the variable rather than just the value it represents when creating a formula.
This ensures that the equations are consistent, and it gives you a simple way
to change the meaning of many formulas by changing the meaning of a
single phrase.
The Excel Ribbon, including the formula auditing section choices, is
designed to assist you in identifying formula flaws. You can quickly
highlight the cells to which the formula corresponds and similarly, or step
through a complex formula sentence through sentence using these options.
The computation group contains commands that track how and when Excel
calculates. In worksheets containing multiple equations formulas that link
to external workbooks, it is necessary to calculate formula results that may
have a negative impact on the functionality of the worksheet. This category
then offers the option to make a calculation manual, limiting Excel's ability
to perform calculations only.

Data Tab
A get outside data panel contains commands for importing data into data
structure from a variety of sources, which can actually then be utilized to
perform data analysis & visualization through pivot formulas, the power
view, and pivot charts choice. These features are also available in
PowerPivot choice, which provides a wide range of possible functionality
for modeling collected data sets.
The links option has ways of dealing with existing connections. A
worksheets connections dialogue appears when you click the relations icon,
and you can check for & uninstall links. The “refresh all” option allows you
to replace old editions of downloaded files, which are stored forever inside
a data structure, with the most recent edition from the author.
You can use your sorts & filter category commands to perform basic and
sophisticated sorting and tabular data processing. The sorts from A to Z or
sorts from Z to A buttons facilitate one-click sorting across a single column,
while the sort icon displays the sort menu, which allows for multi-column,
color, and customizable sorting. Similarly, the autofilter key makes it simple
to filter information based on predefined criteria, whereas the specialized
filters function allows one to distinguish data that mostly meets somewhat
challenging criteria.
The computer tools category gives one access to a number of advanced,
unified MS-Excel resources, one of which performs a meaningful data
manipulation task. e.g., the function “texts to columns” allows one to filter
data currently in a single column into multiple columns (usually after it has
been assembled in MS Excel). There are also good delete duplicate files &
flash fill instructions in this group.
Data analysis techniques that have become part of MS-age-old Excel's
arsenal are also included in the research methods (goal quest, scenarios, and
datasets). Another long-standing Excel feature called grouping &
highlighting is found in the layout category, adding a degree of self to
different columns & rows. This ability is extremely useful for managing and
controlling large worksheets.

Review Tab
The proofing tab involves the common spell-checker, including text
commands, and a testing tool for conducting searches in several local and
online tools such as Bing & Encarta.
The language button is indeed a subclass within an analysis tool that allows
you to translate common words and phrases into over thirty various
languages.
The comments feature lets you annotate responses on workbooks for your
benefit, as a workspace feature, and share your thoughts on workbook
content with colleagues. There are buttons for creating, uploading, deleting,
publishing, or even hiding messages in this category. On the analysis page,
the adjustments button has the most powerful commands.

The View Tab

The protective sheet & protective worksheet controls may also be used to
restrict access to specific monitor user changes and cell ranges and keep the
layout of the worksheet intact. Several commands allow you to share
worksheets with several other users and track changes applied to the very
same worksheet by different users.
The workbook views feature controls how the workbooks are displayed.
The regular view is made for speed. A page split preview feature allows
you to customize the page. Page design provides a clear picture of how
papers get printed. The display button contains commands for viewing and
hiding the key elements of the MS-Excel GUI, such as column or row
headers, grid lines, & formulation bars.
The expand tab keeps track of the magnification in work. For instance, you
might highlight a range of cells and use maximize for selecting the key to
maximize MS Excel such that the selected range fills the screen.
Windows type offers solutions for dealing with a wide range of documents.
For instance, the “organize all” command will ease and scale all currently
open windows so that you can just see their contents simultaneously.
The modifiers feature also has a popular drop-down command that allows
you to see most modifiers in all open worksheets and build custom macros.
(A macro is simply a series of automated instructions that could be
executed by pressing a key.)

Help Tab
MS Excel consumers have always resented the switch to online support &
have fond memories of the good old times of offline help. However, online
support has been improving over time. Over 50 million people have viewed
over 2,000 web aid posts each month.
Feedback allows one to offer up a screenshot along with a message on what
you prefer & don't like. This suggestion is continuously being read by the
Excel team. The view guide opens a support panel featuring a selection of
recent videos that have been integrated into Excel.
 Chapter 4. Excel Formulas
Formulas are actually one of the most powerful tools of Microsoft Excel.
You can use Formulas to calculate numerical values and thereby make work
easy.

Entering Formula
Formulas always start with equal to sign (=) and they can contain
mathematical operators, values or text, cell references, or worksheet
functions. When you actually input a formula into a cell, excel will display
the result in the cell when you click the enter key. However, you will see the
formula in the formula bar. You can also enter the formula directly into the
formula bar, and the result will show in the active cell.
The standard mathematical operators are used in the excel formula with the
indicated symbols as shown in the table below.

Addition +
Subtraction -
Multiplication *
Division /
Power/Exponential ^
Parenthesis ()

Note the keyboard sign for each operator as shown above.

There are various ways to enter a formula in excel;
You can input your numbers directly,
you can use the cell references,
or use what is called the point-and-click method.

For a simple formula, you can quickly enter the formula directly with your
keyboard. Use the cell addresses if the values can change over time. When
working with an actual large amount of data, the Point-and-click method is
better used to save time and reduce stress.
To write a simple formula in excel:
1. Type an equal to sign (=).
2. Input the numbers or cell references directly with the operators.
e.g., put; =2+3 or =A1+A2 (this adds the content of cell A1 with
that of A2)
3. Press, enter.

The result or solution of the formula will appear in the cell while the
formula shows in the formula bar.
To use the Point-and-Click method
1. Select the cell you actually want to insert the formula.
2. Type an equal sign (=).
3. Select your first reference cell(s) to use in the formula, the cell
address will appear in the formula, and a dash-colored line will
appear around the referenced cell.
4. Type the mathematical operator you want to use.
5. Select the other cell(s) you want to reference in the formula, the
cell address will appear in the formula, and a dash-colored line
will appear around the referenced cell.
6. Press the Enter key. The formula will be executed, and the
calculated value will be displayed in the cell.

If you are working with more than two referenced cells, select an individual
cell after adding the mathematical operator continuously till the last cell.
To edit a formula
You might sometimes want to edit an existing formula. You can follow the
steps below to edit a formula;
1. Select the cell containing the formula.
 2. Click the formula bar to edit. Alternatively;

Double-click the cell containing the formula to edit directly.

3. When you are done editing, press the Enter key on your
keyboard or the Enter command in the formula bar. Your
formula will be edited and updated.

Example: Adding the numbers in the cells below;

Tips: The best option is to use cell references or directly select the cell
value from the cell. This method ensures your formulas are always accurate
because even when you change the value of your referenced cells, you don’t
need to rewrite your formula.
Note: If the value or content of a cell is larger than the cell column width,
you will get pound signs (#######) instead of a value in the cell. Increase
the width of the cell to display the content.

Complex Formulas: Order of Mathematical Operations in

Excel
A formula is complex if it contains more than one different mathematical
operator—for example, 10-6+4. It is good to know how excel calculates
formulas for complex formulas to avoid misinterpretation.
The Excel order of operators is as follows:
1. Operation in the Parentheses (Bracket).
2. Powers (Exponents) calculations.
3. Multiplication and Division (whichever comes first).
4. Addition and Subtraction (whichever comes first).
You can use the acronym PPMDAS to remember how excel does its
calculation and take care when inputting formulas to avoid errors.
Parentheses solve from inside to outside following the order if it contains
more than one operator. Multiplication and division solve left to right, and
you can interchange them because the division is a form of multiplication,
e.g., you can write X/Y as X * Y-1. Similarly, addition and subtraction are
also solved from left to right. You can also interchange them because
subtraction is a form of addition, i.e., X – Y can also be written as X + -Y.
In the case of the above example:
11-6+4, the solution will be 11-6, which is 5, then 5+4 =9.
If you mean to subtract the sum of 6 and 4 from 11, introduce bracket, i.e.,
11-(6+4). Excel will first solve the formula in the bracket and then subtract
it from 11 to get 1.
Note that the above gives us two different answers. Therefore, it is crucial
to understand how excel calculates so as to input your formula for excel to
understand.

Copying Formula with References

You can copy Formulas to other cells just like other cell content, text, and
numbers. Excel has an excellent feature of enabling you to copy your
formula with cell references to reuse it in another location with a different
dataset.
You can reference your cell in different ways when working with formula:
Relative referencing
Absolute referencing
Mixed referencing
Range referencing

Relative References
Relative referencing is the excel cell default referencing style. Excel will
relatively adjust the cell references in the new location for the formula to do
the same thing.
For example:
If you add cells A1 + A2 + A3 in cell A4(=A1+A2+A3), you can copy the
formula to any cell, say cell C4, i.e., select cell A4, copy it, and paste it into
cell C4. Excel will copy the formula and adjust it to =C1+C2+C3 in cell C4.

The above type of referencing is called relative referencing. If you copied

the cell’s formula, excel would change the position based on the relative
position of the destination rows and columns.
Relative referencing is greatly useful whenever you want to use the same
formula to perform the same calculation across many rows and columns.
To use relative referencing to autofill:
1. Select and insert your formula into a cell
2. Enter, The result will actually be displayed in the cell.
3. Select the result’s cell and drag down or up the fill handle to
apply the formula automatically to the other cells.

Example: Copying formula with relative reference

Using an Excel spreadsheet to find the total sales of the products, as shown
below.
Solution
1. Copy the data as seen on your spreadsheet.
2. Input the formula under Total sales. You can select the cells that
have the values or write your cell references as shown below.

3. Press the Enter key—the result shows.

4. Select the cell, and double click on the fill handle + as shown or
drag down to the end of the table.

Excel automatically fills the column with the same formula shifting the
references relatively.
Absolute References
Absolute referencing is used when we need excel to stay locked unto a cell
no matter where we copy the formula. Absolute references are designated
with a dollar sign ($) in front of both the column and row designations, e.g.,
$A$2 will lock excel to the A2 cell no matter where you copy the formula.
You can use absolute referencing when you need excel not to change the
reference.
Example: Copying formula with relative and absolute referencing
From the example above, the unit price of all the products is the same. The
unit price can be put in a cell as shown below. Use an excel spreadsheet to
actually find the total sales as the product of Quantity and Unit price, fixing
the unit price cell.

Solution
1. Select the cell E2 or the first cell of the Total Sales column.
2. Input the formula =D2*$G$4 as shown below. D2 is where your
first quantity data is and G4 is where the Unit price is. Note that
 $ is added to G and 4 to fix the cell, otherwise, excel will adjust
the cell reference.

3. Press the Enter key and autofill down the column as done in the
example above. Excel shifts the cell D2 down relatively and G4
absolutely (i.e., fixed).

Mixed References
Mixed referencing, though not common, makes use of both relative and
absolute referencing part e.g.
When you use $A2, the reference stays fixed to column A, but
the row number can change.
When you use A$2, the reference stays fixed to row 2, but the
column letter can change.

F4 is the reference shortcut key. To use the shortcut, highlight the desired
cell name and press F4 multiple times to cycle through all the variations of
reference types: Absolute, row lock (mixed), column lock (mixed), relative
references…
Range References
The range is a group of cells in excel.
Use a comma to reference range when referring to several cells
that are not next to each other, e.g., =sum (A1, B2, E3, F5) is a
formula (that contains function) that sum cells A1, B2, E3, and
F5.
Use a colon to reference range (cells) next to each other, i.e., in a
contiguous area. Designate the range from top-left to bottom-
right, e.g., = sum (B4:C6) is a formula that sums all cells in the
resulting rectangle, i.e., cells B4 (top-left) through C6 (bottom
right).
 Chapter 5. Excel for Beginners
Sometimes, Exсеl ѕееmѕ tоо good to be truе. Nееd tо соmbіnе thе
іnfоrmаtіоn іn multiple сеllѕ? Excel саn do іt. Nееd to сору formatting
асrоѕѕ an array оf сеllѕ? Exсеl can dо thаt, tоо.

The Basics of Microsoft Excel

Bеfоrе ѕреndіng hоurѕ and hоurѕ соuntіng сеllѕ оr copying аnd раѕtіng
data, look fоr a quick fіx іn Excel; уоu'll lіkеlу fіnd one. In working mоrе
efficiently аnd avoiding tеdіоuѕ, manual wоrk, let's start thіѕ Exсеl dеер
dіvе with thе bаѕісѕ. Onсе уоu hаvе these functions dоwn, уоu'll be rеаdу
to tасklе thе advanced Exсеl lеѕѕоnѕ.
Lеаrn Now:
Insert Rоw / Cоlumn
Autоfіll
Filters
Sоrt
Rеmоvе Duplicates
Pаѕtе Sресіаl
Tеxt tо Cоlumnѕ
Fоrmаt Pаіntеr

Inserting Rоwѕ Оr Cоlumnѕ

As you рlау аrоund wіth уоur dаtа, you mіght constantly need to add mоrе
rоwѕ аnd соlumnѕ. Sоmеtіmеѕ, уоu may еvеn nееd tо аdd hundreds оf
rows. Dоіng this оnе-bу-оnе wоuld be ѕuреr tedious. Luсkіlу, thеrе'ѕ аlwауѕ
аn еаѕіеr wау.
Tо аdd multiple rows or соlumnѕ іn a spreadsheet, hіghlіght thе same
number of рrе-еxіѕtіng rоwѕ оr columns thаt уоu want tо аdd. Thеn, rіght-
сlісk аnd select "Insert."
In thе example below, I wаnt tо аdd thrее rows. Bу highlighting thrее rоwѕ
and thеn сlісkіng insert, I can аdd thrее blаnk rows into mу spreadsheet
ԛ uісklу аnd easily.

Autоfіll
If уоu have аnу basic Excel knowledge, іt'ѕ lіkеlу уоu аlrеаdу knоw this
quick trісk. But to cover оur bаѕеѕ, аllоw me to ѕhоw уоu thе glоrу of
Autоfіll. Thіѕ lеtѕ уоu ԛ uісklу fill adjacent сеllѕ with ѕеvеrаl dаtа types,
іnсludіng vаluеѕ, series, and formulas.
There are multірlе wауѕ to deploy thіѕ fеаturе, but thе fіll handle іѕ аmоng
thе easiest. Sеlесt thе сеllѕ уоu want tо be thе source, locate thе fіll hаndlе
іn thе lower-right corner of thе cell, аnd еіthеr drag thе fіll hаndlе tо соvеr
thе сеllѕ you want tо fіll оr juѕt dоublе click.
Fіltеrѕ
Whеn looking аt mаѕѕіvе dаtа ѕеtѕ (аѕ mаrkеtеrѕ оftеn dо), уоu don't
uѕuаllу nееd tо look at еvеrу row ѕіmultаnеоuѕlу. Sоmеtіmеѕ, уоu оnlу
want to look аt data thаt fіt ѕресіfіс сrіtеrіа. Thаt'ѕ whеrе fіltеrѕ come іn.
Fіltеrѕ аllоw уоu to pare dоwn уоur data tо only lооk аt ѕресіfіс rоwѕ at оnе
time. In Exсеl, whо саn add a fіltеr tо еасh соlumn іn уоur dаtа. Yоu can
thеn сhооѕе which сеllѕ уоu want tо vіеw аt оnсе.
Lеt'ѕ take a lооk аt thе example bеlоw. Add a fіltеr bу clicking thе Dаtа tab
and ѕеlесtіng "Fіltеr." Clісk thе аrrоw nеxt tо the column headers, and
уоu'll bе аblе to сhооѕе whеthеr you want уоur data tо bе оrgаnіzеd іn
аѕсеndіng оr descending order аnd whісh rows уоu wаnt tо ѕhоw.
In my Harry Pоttеr example, let's say I only wаnt tо ѕее thе ѕtudеntѕ іn
Gryffindor. By ѕеlесtіng the Grуffіndоr fіltеr, the other rоwѕ dіѕарреаr.
Pro Tip: Copy and paste the actual values in the spreadsheet when a filter is
on to particularly do additional analysis in another spreadsheet.
Sоrt
Sоmеtіmеѕ you may hаvе a lіѕt оf dаtа that hаѕ nо оrgаnіzаtіоn whаtѕоеvеr.
Mауbе уоu еxроrtеd a lіѕt оf уоur mаrkеtіng соntасtѕ or blоg posts.
Whatever the саѕе mау bе, Excel's ѕоrt fеаturе wіll hеlр уоu аlрhаbеtіzе
аnу lіѕt.
Clісk оn thе dаtа in thе column уоu wаnt tо ѕоrt. Thеn сlісk on thе "Dаtа"
tab іn уоur toolbar and lооk for thе "Sort" орtіоn on thе lеft. If the "A" іѕ on
tор оf the "Z," you саn just click оn thаt buttоn оnсе. If thе "Z" is оn top of
thе "A," click оn thе button twice. Whеn thе "A" іѕ on tор оf the "Z," уоur
list will bе ѕоrtеd іn аlрhаbеtісаl оrdеr. Hоwеvеr, whеn thе "Z" is оn tор оf
the "A," your list will bе ѕоrtеd іn reverse аlрhаbеtісаl оrdеr.

Remove Duрlісаtеѕ
Lаrgеr dаtаѕеtѕ tend tо hаvе duplicate соntеnt. Yоu mау have a lіѕt оf
multірlе contacts іn a company and only wаnt tо ѕее thе number of
соmраnіеѕ you have. In ѕіtuаtіоnѕ lіkе this, removing duplicates соmеѕ іn
hаndу.
To rеmоvе your duрlісаtеѕ, highlight the row оr соlumn уоu wаnt tо rеlеаѕе
соріеѕ оf. Thеn, go tо thе Dаtа tab, аnd ѕеlесt "Rеmоvе Duрlісаtеѕ" (undеr
Tools). A pop-up wіll арреаr tо соnfіrm whісh data уоu wаnt tо wоrk wіth.
Sеlесt "Rеmоvе Duplicates," and you're gооd tо gо.

Yоu саn аlѕо uѕе this fеаturе to remove an entire rоw based оn a duрlісаtе
column vаluе. Sо іf уоu hаvе thrее rоwѕ wіth Harry Potter іnfоrmаtіоn аnd
оnlу need tо see оnе, you саn ѕеlесt thе whole dаtаѕеt аnd then rеmоvе
duрlісаtеѕ based оn email. Yоur resulting lіѕt wіll hаvе unique nаmеѕ
without any соріеѕ.
Pаѕtе Special
Oftеn, you'll wаnt tо trаnѕfоrm thе items іn a rоw of dаtа іntо a соlumn (оr
vісе vеrѕа). It wоuld take a lоt оf tіmе to сору and paste each hеаdеr. You
mау еаѕіlу fаll іntо one of the most еxtеnѕіvе, mоѕt unfоrtunаtе Exсеl trарѕ
оf humаn еrrоr.
Instead, lеt Exсеl dо the work for you. Gо аhеаd аnd hіghlіght thе соlumn
or row you wаnt tо trаnѕроѕе. Rіght-сlісk аnd select "Copy." Next, ѕеlесt
thе сеllѕ in уоur spreadsheet where you wаnt уоur first rоw оr соlumn tо
bеgіn. Rіght-сlісk on the сеll, аnd then ѕеlесt "Paste Special." When thе
mоdulе appears, сhооѕе the option to trаnѕроѕе.

Paste Sресіаl іѕ оnе function I find myself rеturnіng tо time аnd tіmе аgаіn.
You can also сhооѕе bеtwееn соруіng formulas, vаluеѕ, fоrmаtѕ, or еvеn
соlumn widths in thе module. Thіѕ is еѕресіаllу hеlрful in соруіng thе
rеѕultѕ оf уоur pivot table (wе'll gеt there…) іntо a сhаrt you саn format
аnd grарh.
Text Tо Columns
Whаt іf you want tо split іnfоrmаtіоn іn оnе сеll іntо twо dіffеrеnt сеllѕ?
Fоr example, mауbе you wаnt tо рull оut someone's company name thrоugh
thеіr еmаіl аddrеѕѕ. Or perhaps уоu wаnt tо ѕераrаtе someone's full name
іntо a fіrѕt and lаѕt nаmе fоr уоur еmаіl mаrkеtіng templates.
Thаnkѕ tо Exсеl, bоth аrе роѕѕіblе:
1. Highlight the соlumn that уоu wаnt tо ѕрlіt uр.
2. Gо tо the Dаtа tаb аnd select "Tеxt tо Cоlumnѕ." A mоdulе wіll
арреаr wіth additional іnfоrmаtіоn.
3. You nееd to сhооѕе еіthеr "Dеlіmіtеd" оr "Fіxеd Wіdth."
"Delimited" mеаnѕ уоu wаnt tо break uр thе соlumn bаѕеd on characters
ѕuсh аѕ соmmаѕ, ѕрасеѕ, or tаbѕ.
"Fіxеd Width" means you wаnt tо select thе exact location іn all the
соlumnѕ where thе split occurs.
In thе example саѕе bеlоw, let's select "Dеlіmіtеd" to ѕераrаtе the full nаmе
іntо first name аnd lаѕt name.
Thеn, іt'ѕ tіmе tо choose the delimiters. Thіѕ соuld bе a tab, ѕеmісоlоn,
comma, ѕрасе, еtс. ("Something еlѕе" соuld bе thе "@" ѕіgn uѕеd іn аn
еmаіl address, fоr еxаmрlе.) In оur example, lеt'ѕ сhооѕе thе space. Excel
wіll thеn ѕhоw уоu a рrеvіеw оf what your nеw соlumnѕ wіll lооk lіkе.
When уоu'rе hарру wіth thе preview, press "Nеxt." Thіѕ раgе wіll аllоw
уоu tо select Advаnсеd Fоrmаtѕ if уоu choose to. When уоu'rе dоnе, сlісk
"Finish."

Format Pаіntеr
Aѕ уоu'vе рrоbаblу nоtісеd, Exсеl hаѕ many features tо make crunching
numbеrѕ аnd аnаlуzіng your data quick аnd еаѕу. But if уоu еvеr spent
ѕоmе time fоrmаttіng a ѕhееt to уоur lіkіng, уоu knоw іt саn get a bіt
tеdіоuѕ.
Dоn't wаѕtе tіmе repeating the same formatting commands оvеr аnd оvеr
again. Use the format раіntеr tо easily сору thе fоrmаttіng from one area of
the wоrkѕhееt to аnоthеr. Chооѕе the сеll уоu'd lіkе to replicate, thеn select
thе format раіntеr option (paintbrush icon) frоm thе tор toolbar.
 Chapter 6. Excel for Medium Level Users
Excel’s Intermediate Features and Functions
Excel is an advantageous and versatile spreadsheet application used for
many purposes. However, like any application, Excel has certain features
that are not always obvious but can make the user experience more
efficient. Below we'll look at some of these lesser-known features and see
what benefits they provide:
The Fill Handle
This feature will allow you to easily copy the value from one cell to another
nearby partition. For your convenience, the fill handle is located on either
side of the fill handle button on the bottom portion of the formula bar. This
makes it very convenient to copy from one cell to a nearby cell without
using the mouse quickly.
Copy from reference cells
If you are using references in your formula, you can copy a value from a
reference cell and paste it into another actual cell by holding down the
SHIFT key and clicking on the desired reference cell.
Clipboard viewer
You can quickly see what is currently on the clipboard by holding down
shift and clicking on the fill handle. The fill handle will change from a
clipboard shape to a clipboard with a checkmark. This represents what is
currently on the clipboard in your current workbook. If you want to paste
something from your workbook, click on the checkmark, and away you go.

Formulas and calculations

In Excel, formulas are the backbone of everything. Formula is simply a
string of text containing a set of numbers. This is one way Excel makes
formulas easy to use and understand. You can use the F2 key to run a
formula in the formula bar. However, if you want to see what your formula
will look like when inserted into a cell, press on the cell that contains the
formula and then select Formulas > Formulas and calculations.
MsgBox
This feature allows you to quickly see what is on your clipboard by
showing a message box containing whatever is currently on your clipboard.
This is useful when you need to copy something, such as a web address,
and do not want to make any other changes to your original copy. To use the
MsgBox feature, all you must do is press F2 on your keyboard, type or
paste the message or text you want to see in a message box and click on
OK.
Wrap text
This feature allows you to easily format text by wrapping it around another
cell's text value. This is actually done by clicking on the cell you want the
text to appear in, clicking on Home > Alignment, and clicking Wrap Text.
You then highlight the cell you want to wrap text around, and lastly, type
your text into the second cell.
VLOOKUP
The Vlookup function allows you to search for a specific value in one or
many columns based on the values in other columns. This is useful when
searching for a particular value based on the values in different columns.
When searching for a bargain, you must give the VLOOKUP function at
least two arguments. The first argument must be the column where you
want to find the value, and the second argument is the column(s) that want
to be searched. In return, VLOOKUP will return a number representing
how many rows in that column(s) contain the exact value you specified in
your first argument.
Filter
The Filter feature allows you to search for a specific value based on more
columns in an Excel spreadsheet. This is useful when searching in a
particular matter in one or more columns in your spreadsheet. To use the
filter feature, select the range you want to filter, and then go to Data >
Filter. You will be enquired to select the one or more columns to be filtered.
In return, Excel will search for your specified value in that column.
Trim
The TRIM function allows you to remove any spaces from the beginning or
end of a string of text. This is useful when you have data with spaces at the
beginning or end of each cell and remove them. To use this function,
highlight the cell you want to trim spaces from and click on Formulas >
Trim. In your dialog box, type the exact name of the trim function you want
to run.
Pivot table
Pivot tables allow you to actually and quickly summarize large amounts of
data without the need to do a lot of analysis. It is useful when you have lots
of data that you need to summarize. To use the Pivot table, select the cell
where you want your pivot table to appear and click on either Insert >
Tables > PivotTable or go to Insert > Table, then click on PivotTable. Give
it a name and, if needed, specify the range that it should use as its source
data. After this is completed, you will be provided with a blank pivot table
with fields listed along the top and data in columns below. You can then
enter your data into this pivot table and see how it will summarize the data
by looking at the fields along the top. To add more lots or see what the
summarized data looks like, click on any of the fields along the top. These
fields will then be added at the bottom, and your original data will be
summarized in each column you selected for this pivot table.
Text to Columns
This method is an Excel version of what some call a "Conditional
Formatting" method which requires Microsoft Access. This method allows
you to apply formatting/colors/etc. To a column of cells based on a value in
an adjacent cell. To use this method, highlight a cell containing the value
you want to apply the condition to, then click on the Home > Conditional
Formatting button. In this dialog box, all you must do is choose the format
that should be applied and apply it where you want. For example, if you
wanted to use a specific color for all the cells in the column that was
highlighted, click on "Fill Color" in the upper right corner. In return, Excel
will apply your color/format to all cells in the highlighted column based on
your value.
Paste Special
The Paste Special feature is useful when you need to paste a cell's
formatting or value but not its cell location. This is useful for copying
values, but not the formulas that use those values. To use this feature, select
the cells you want to copy. Next, highlight the cells where you want to paste
those copied values and click on Home > Paste > Paste Special.
Paste as Picture
The Paste as Picture feature is useful when you want to paste values as
pictures. This is handy when you want to paste an image of a formula but
not its cell location. To use this feature, select the cells you want to copy.
Next, highlight the cells where you want to paste those copied values and
click on Home > Paste > Paste Special. Select "Paste as Picture" and click
OK in the dialog box that appears.
Ribbon icon Functions
Although there is nothing wrong with the classic menu system that was
found in previous versions of Excel, the Ribbon brings some features to the
table that were previously unavailable. When you click on a Ribbon icon, it
will expand to display additional commands and buttons. One of the best
things about the Ribbon is that it provides fast access to various commands
and tools.
These are just certain of the features in Excel that you should know how to
use. There are many more features that you should learn that will make
your time in Excel much more effortless. Continue reading this book to
learn more.

Excel Shortcuts and Tips

Are you new to Microsoft Excel? Confusing menus and formatting tips can
make a spreadsheet seem more daunting than it is. Luckily, there are plenty
of shortcuts that you should know before getting started on your
spreadsheet. These tips are intentional to help you save time and increase
productivity while looking great in the process. Whatever the case may be,
beginners will be glad to have these handy shortcuts at their fingertips!
Keyboard Shortcuts
The following are some of the most used shortcuts to save time and increase
productivity:
CTRL + C: Copy the item immediately to the right
CTRL + V: Paste the item that was copied to the right
CTRL + Z: Undo last action
ALT + SHIFT + . : Strikethrough (This will delete the cell
contents of the cells selected.)
Can be used with a letter to highlight all cells beginning with that
letter.
CTRL + I: Change the font formatting of the entire row or
column.
ALT + SHIFT + O: Creates a chart from data in a selected range.
ALT+F11: Shows the Microsoft Visual Basic Editor window,
where you can access all VBA code for your workbook.

That's a lot of shortcuts, but it's worth remembering them-- especially when
you're working with spreadsheets. Once you start applying these shortcuts,
you'll wonder how you ever got by without them!
Formatting Tips
In addition to the keyboard shortcuts listed above, there are also dozens of
different formatting shortcuts that can be used to improve your documents.
These tips will help you not only produce legible worksheets and
documents, but also save time as well.
1. The little curved arrow on the Home key can be used to quickly
jump from one cell to another.
2. When you're entering a value, it's usually a good idea to enter it
in one cell and then press SHIFT to put it into all adjacent cells.
 This will give you an exact value instead of a fraction of each
adjoining cell.
3. When using the formula bar in Excel, there are countless
shortcuts that can be used to create formulas faster. There are
quick key combinations that can be used to create formulas that
display on the right side of the formula bar automatically.
4. If you're typing a lot of words that are analogous, you will find it
quicker to use Excel's "AutoComplete" feature than to type it out
yourself. This feature detects the most used words in your
document and fills them in for you. It doesn't work on all
problematic words like "and" but it does work well with most
words, such as the word "city".
5. Having many columns, but you only want to see the column that
you're currently typing in, make sure to change your view. You
can apply so by pressing the "Ctrl" button and selecting "View."
Under this tab, there will be a box with three different view
options: View as single column, View as double columns, and
View as gridlines on. Select "View as single column" and that
column will be the only one you see on your screen.
6. Having a lot of information to look at, you can use the "Go To
Second Column" feature in Excel. This function will let you
instantly go to the second column on the worksheet. To do this,
press SHIFT+F9, which jumps directly to the second column
and stays there until released.
7. Use white space in your spreadsheet. It also makes it easier to
find important information briefly.
8. Use a separate ink pen when writing in your spreadsheet. You
can use different-colored ink to create your own color coding
system. This is of great usefulness if you're dealing with a very
large document or if you're using several different fonts in your
documents and you want to differentiate between them visually.
9. If you're working with graphics, don't forget to use "Alignment"
in the "Format menu." You can also use "Line Spacing" as well.
 This can greatly improve the look of your graphics in a
spreadsheet.
10. If you're using columns, you'll find that they are easy to change
and manipulate. You can do this by using the "Home" key and
then selecting the right-hand arrow beside it. This will allow you
to quickly change your entire column's orientation without
breaking a sweat.
11. You can change the font in Excel quite easily. Just press "F11" to
bring up the "Font" menu and then choose a different font. This
is very useful if you're working with only one type of font in
your document.
12. If you have trouble with names that are very long, it's a good
idea to use a label feature to help you flesh out your spreadsheet.
This feature can split up names into individual labels and make it
easier to read through your document after it's been completed.
13. If you're working with very large documents, you might notice
that your document is taking longer to sort than normal. This can
be due to the amount of data being entered. Try using the "Sort"
function in Excel.
14. When sorting "Columns" (or "Rows") select a column or row
and then hit "Tab," and it will sort that area first. If the desired
column or row does not appear in the drop-down menu, it is
probably because you haven't selected the entire column or row
yet.
15. You can use your arrow keys to navigate a worksheet much
faster than using the mouse.
16. Don't forget to color-code your spreadsheets! You can do this by
using many different techniques, such as: Using a different font
color, using a unique background color, or using both at the same
time!
17. If you want to merge your cells, you can use the "Home" button.
Pressing "Ctrl" and the left-hand button will merge the cells by
 rows and pressing "Shift" and the right-hand button will merge
them by columns.
18. If you're working on a spreadsheet with a lot of data in it, use the
feature that allows you to filter data out of your document by
using different criteria. This can easily be done by going to the
top of your spreadsheet and clicking on "Data. " From there,
click on "Filter" and then you can select which criteria you want
to filter out.
19. You can easily hide columns or rows in a spreadsheet by going
to the top of your document, clicking on the "View" tab, and
selecting either "Hide Columns" or "Hide Rows."
20. You can right-click on any of your cells and find a long list of
options that will do it simpler for you to format your document.
Just be careful about what you pick!
21. If you're typing in an area that's very large, it's a good idea to
make the font size of your text much smaller. This way, you can
fit more data on a single page without having to scroll as much.

Tools Shortcuts
If you have time, the best thing to do is go through all the key combinations
and enter them all in your keyboard. The shortcuts allow you to access
Excel faster than if you just went through all the steps in this guide step by
step.
1. If you want to open Excel from Word, select "Home" and then
"Start" and then click on "Excel." This will bring up a new
document that has been created as an Excel workbook.
2. If you don't have time to use all the shortcuts in this guide, at
least try to use the ones that are used in the "File" menu. You can
access this by pressing "Ctrl" and "F11." Some of the important
file commands include Save as, Save, Save As Another File,
New Workbook/File, Open Workbook/File, Close
Workbook/File, Print Preview, and Exit.
3. "New" and click on "Workbook."
4. "Open" to open your workbook. This will show up a dialog box
that lets you select which Excel file you want to open.
5. Click on the "File" option from your toolbar and then click on
"Open" to open another Excel document that was saved in the
same folder as your original one.
6. You can also access the options in this dialog box by pressing
"Ctrl" and "O."
7. If you want to save your file as a different file type, select "Save
As" and then take the format that you want it to be.
8. If you're working on a newer version of Excel, click on
"Options" in the top right corner of your screen and then press on
"Save." When you do this, it will bring up a dialog box that lets
you control where your documents are saved and how they are
saved.
9. If you want to access your file directly from the open program
menu, press "Alt" and click on the "File" option along the top of
your screen.
10.
If you want to close an Excel document without
having to save it first, simply press "Ctrl" and "F4." This will
prompt you to save it before closing it, even if you have unsaved
changes.
11.
If you want to close Excel without being prompted
to save documents, press "F12" and then click on the "Yes"
button.
12.
For a different printer than your default one, be sure
to check out the Print Shortcuts section of this guide!
13.
To add a file extension to an Excel document that
already exists, select "File" and click on "Info." Then click on the
"Save" tab and click on the box next to "Add To File Name. "
14.
When you're viewing a file, you can rename it by
pressing "F2" and then typing in the new name of your file.
15.
If you want to print your spreadsheet, click on "File"
and click on "Print." Then click on the printer that you want to
print from and select your desired print options.
16.
New version, press "Ctrl" and "Q" and then click on
"About." This will show up a dialog box that shows you exactly
what version it is.
17.
If you want to know how much space your
workbook takes up on your computer, press "Ctrl" and "Q."
Then, click on the "Size" tab near the top of the screen and it will
tell you how much space it's taking up in megabytes.
18.
If you want to zoom in or out of your
spreadsheetZooming, hold down the "Ctrl" key and click on the
"+" or "- " signs found on your top toolbar.
19.
To access your most recently used files, click on
"File" and then click on "Open Recent." This will show up a
dialog box that shows you all the files that you've opened
recently.
20.
Copying, press "Alt" and then press "down arrow."
If you want to copy all the cells that are directly above your
cursor, press "Alt" and then press "up arrow."
21.
If you want to cut the entire row that your cursor is
currently in, press "Ctrl" and then click on the "X" button. If you
 want to cut all the cells that are directly above your cursor, hold
down "Ctrl" and click on the box at the top of your screen.
22.
If you want to move all the cells that are directly
above your cursor, click on the empty space at the very top of
your screen and drag it over to where you want it.

These tips are just a few of the things that you can do with Excel. There are
tons of shortcuts and features that you can use to make your work easier,
faster and smoother. Just remember to take it slow when you're first
attempting to learn Excel. You can always come back and learn later what
the shortcuts are.
 Chapter 7. Excel for Advanced Users
Advanced Formulas
Any financial analyst invests much more time in Excel than they would like
to say. We’ve gathered the most relevant and sophisticated Excel formulas
that any world-class financial analyst should recognize based on years of
practice.
Index Match
Formula is given as:
=INDEX (C3 ratio E9, MATCH (B13, C3 ratio C9,0), MATCH (B14, C3
ratio E3,0))
INDEX MATCH is a versatile Excel formula mix that can help you
improve your financial research and modeling. INDEX is a table function
that returns the value of a cell depending on the column and row number.
MATCH returns the row or column direction of a cell.
Here’s an example of combining the INDEX and MATCH formulas. In this
case, we look up and return a person's height based on their name. We
should adjust both the name and the height in the calculation since they are
both factors.
IF in Combination with AND/OR
The formula is given as:
=IF (AND (C2 is greater or equal to C4, C2 is less or equal to C5), C6,
C7)
Anyone who has disbursed a significant amount of time working with
different financial models understands how difficult nested IF formulas can
be. Combining the IF feature with the AND/OR function will make
formulas simpler to audit and appreciate for other users. You will see how
we combined the individual functions to construct a more advanced formula
in the illustration below.

OFFSET in Combination with SUM or AVERAGE

The formula is given as:
=SUM (B4 ratio OFFSET (B4,0, E2 minus 1))
The OFFSET function isn’t very complex on its own, but when combined
with other functions like SUM or AVERAGE, we can construct a
complicated formula. Consider the following scenario: you want to build a
complex feature that can sum a variable number of cells. You can only do a
static calculation using the average SUM formula, but you can shift the cell
relation around by adding OFFSET.
If it operates is as follows: To make this formula work, we use the OFFSET
function instead of the SUM function’s ending comparison cell. This makes
the formula complex, and you can say in Excel how many sequential cells
you want to sum up in the cell referenced as E2. We have those advanced
Excel algorithms now. This much more complex formula is shown in the
screenshot below.

CHOOSE
The formula is given as:
=CHOOSE (Choice, option 1, 2, 3)
The CHOOSE role is ideal for a financial simulation scenario study. It
encourages you to choose from a set of choices and can return the “choice”
you’ve made. Assume you have three separate sales growth projections for
next year: 5%, 12%, and 18%. If you tell Excel, you want option #2, and
you will get a 12% return using the CHOOSE formula.

XNPV and XIRR

Formula:
= XNPV (discount rate, cash flows, dates)
These calculations can prove useful if you work in investment management,
market research, financial planning and analysis (FP&A), or some other
field of corporate finance that includes discounting cash flows.
Simply placed, XNPV and XIRR enable you to assign separate dates to
each discounted cash flow. The simple NPV and IRR formulas in Excel
have the flaw in assuming that the time intervals between cash flows are
equivalent. As an economist, you’ll see conditions where cash balances
aren’t equally spaced regularly, and this formula is how you solve it.

SUMIF and COUNTIF

Formula: = COUNTIF (D5 ratio D12,” is greater or equal than 21″)
Conditional functions are used effectively in these two developed formulas.
All cells that need specific criteria are included in SUMIF, and all cells that
need measures are counted in COUNTIF. For example, suppose you may
want to figure out how many containers of champagne you need for a client
event by counting all cells that are larger than or equivalent to 21 (the
minimum consumption age in the United States). As seen in the screenshot
given below, COUNTIF may be used as an advanced approach.
PMT and IPMT
Formula: =PMT (# of periods, interest rate, present value)
You’ll need to know these two formulas if you operate in real estate,
commercial banking, FP&A, or other financial analyst jobs that deal with
debt schedules.
The PMT theorem calculates the worth of making equivalent payments
throughout a loan’s existence. You should do that in combination with
IPMT (which shows you how much interest you’ll pay for the same kind of
loan), then different principal and interest payments. Here’s how to use the
PMT feature to calculate the annual mortgage payment on a $1 million loan
with a 5% interest rate over 30 years.
LEN and TRIM
Formulas are given below:
=TRIM (text) &
=LEN (text)
Financial experts who need to manage and manipulate vast volumes of data
may benefit from them. Unfortunately, the data we receive is not
necessarily well-organized, and problems such as extra spaces at the
beginning or end of cells will arise.
The LEN formula returns the number of characters in a specified text string,
which is helpful when you need to count how many characters are in a text.
You will see how the TRIM algorithm cleans up the Excel data in the
illustration below.
CONCATENATE
The formula is given as:
=A1&“more text.”
Concatenate isn’t even a function in and of itself; It’s just a creative way of
bringing data from multiple cells together and making worksheets more
complex. For financial analysts doing financial simulation, this is a valuable
instrument.
In the illustration below, the text “New York” plus “,” is combined with
“NY” to form “New York, NY.” This enables you to make dynamic
worksheet headers and labels. Instead of upgrading cell B8, you will also
upgrade cells B2 and D2 independently. This is a great attribute to have
while dealing with vast data collection.
CELL, MID, LEFT, and RIGHT Functions
These complex Excel features may be merged to produce specific, very
complicated, and advanced formulas. The CELL feature may return a range
of data about a cell’s contents (such as its name, location, row, column, and
more). The LEFT function actually returns the text from the cell’s
beginning (left to right), the MID function returns the text from any cell’s
start point (left to right), and the RIGHT function returns the text from the
cell’s end (right to the left).
The three formulations are shown in the diagram below.
 Chapter 8. Tables in Microsoft Excel
To the untrained eye, an Excel table seems to be nothing more than a means
of arranging data. There are a lot of beneficial aspects to this generic name.
Recalculated, totaled tables with hundreds or even thousands of rows may
be sorted and filtered, updated with new information and reformatted,
summarized using pivot tables, and exported.

Defining Excel Table Feature

The Table command can be used in Excel to translate data collection into a
formatted Excel table. These Tables have several features that will help you
manage and display your results, such as filtering and sorting. Because it is
actually arranged in columns and rows, the data in your worksheet may give
the appearance that it is already in a table. The data in a tabular format is
not a genuine "table" unless you have deliberately made it one.

Excel Table Benefits and Drawbacks

It is easy to format a list as a called Excel table, and it has a lot of
advantages and just a few actual disadvantages.
Benefits
The data can be sorted and filtered using the drop-down lists in
the heading cells.
When you add or delete rows of data, the table range
immediately expands and contracts.
Built-in styles make it simple to format or alter the appearance of
the table.
Formulas and formatting are automatically filled down.
Structured references to table cells are used in formulas to
display the column name. This makes them simple to understand.
Hide or show the table's built-in Totals row, which displays a
Count, Average, Sum, or other summary amount using formulas.
 An Excel table is a great place to start when creating a Pivot
Table. If data is inserted or removed, you will not have to adjust
the range.

Drawbacks
There are a few disadvantages of using named Excel tables, so there might
be times that you would rather not use them. Following are some drawbacks
of using Excel tables.
Since structured references to table cells do not have an 'absolute'
setting, copying them around a column is a little more difficult.
Tables on protected sheets do not expand automatically, even
though the cells below the table are unlocked.
If every sheet includes an Excel chart, you will not be able to
copy, group, or move them.
In a workbook of one or more Excel tables, Custom Views are
not allowed.

Preparing Your Data

Follow these instructions for data organization before creating
the formatted Excel Table.
Rows and columns can be used to organize the records, with each
row providing details for a certain record, such as an inventory
transaction or sales order.
Each column in the first row of the list should have a brief, clear,
and distinct heading.
Each list column should contain only one form of data, such as
currency, dates, or text.
The data for one record, such as a sales order, should be listed in
each row of the list. Include a unique identifier for each line,
such as an order number, if possible.
 There should be no blank rows in the list and no columns that are
completely empty.
With one empty column and one empty row, at least between the
list and the other data on the worksheet, the list can be separated
from the other data.

Types of Tables
Tables may be created in three distinct ways in Microsoft Excel. These are
the ones to look out for:
A Generic Excel Table
When the rows and columns of data are clearly defined, a standard Excel
table is an essential component for organizing the information. It is possible
for a single Excel worksheet page to include a number of tables, each of
which may be referred to in formulas by its own unique header title.
Because the information is gathered in a grid format in the spreadsheet, the
data in Excel seems to be in tabular format on the surface. However, it is
not considered to be a table in Microsoft Excel since it does not meet the
criteria. Before they can be utilized, it is essential to create a table that has a
range of collections of cells.
Informative Table
It is incredibly simple to use the Data table, which can be found in the
What-If Research function of Microsoft Excel. The Data table is a highly
exciting tool that can be located in the What-If Research feature of
Microsoft Excel.
The use of a data table allows us to calculate any argument that is
dependent on a number of different variables. In this case, the formula is
applied to a data table, and the value changes as a consequence of one or
two characteristics of the table being modified.
In this case, the formula is applied to a data table, and the value changes as
a consequence of one or two characteristics of the table being modified.
Pivot Table
The Pivot Table
In Excel, a pivot table is actually a special table tool that enables you to
rearrange the columns and rows of a data collection in any manner you see
fit. In reality, this tool makes no changes to the original data; instead, it
simply reverses the direction of the input and creates a number of distinct
outputs from the data. With large amounts of data to deal with, the pivot
table comes in helpful to make quick decisions. It actually saves us time by
enabling us to do calculations more rapidly. It is also capable of performing
a variety of operations, including sum, mean, sort, grouping, and counting,
among others.

Creating the Table

Select a cell from the data list you prepared.
Click the Insert tab from the Ribbon.
Select the Table command from the Tables group.
The range for your data should appear automatically in the
Create Table dialogue box, and the My table has headers option
should be checked. You can change the range and check the box
if necessary.
To accept these settings, click OK.

Sort and Filter the Data

Your list has now been transformed into an Excel Table, which you may
modify with a default Table Style. You may sort or filter the data using the
drop-down arrows in the heading cells.
It is important for you to know that MS Excel Table Slicers can easily filter
table data in Excel 2013 and later versions.

Rename an Excel Table

An Excel table is actually given a default name when it is formed. You can
actually rename the table to something more meaningful so that you can
deal with it more easily later. To change the table name:
Select a cell in the table.
 Select the Design tab from the Table Tools tab on the Ribbon.
Click the existing name in the Table name box on the far left of
the Ribbon.
Then, using the Enter key, type a new name, such as Orders.

Create a Table with Specific Style

Instead of utilizing the default style, you can add a specific style from the
Table Style options while creating a table. Then, when implementing the
style, click the option to delete a current cell format from the data range.
Before learning how to create an Excel Table in Excel With a Specific
Style, you should know that When you use the Table command on the
Ribbon's Insert tab to create a table, all existing formatting is maintained,
and the default Table Style is also applied.
If you choose to add a particular table style to an Excel table, follow these
steps:
Select a cell from the data list you prepared.
Select the Home tab from the Ribbon.
Select Format as Table from the Styles group.
Select the Style you want to use.
OR right-click on a Style and select Apply and Clear Formatting
to apply the Style and remove any current formatting.
The range for your data should appear immediately in the Create
Table dialogue box, and the My table has headers choice should
be checked. You can change the range and check the box if
desired.
To accept these settings, click OK.
The chosen Table Style is used to generate a formatted Excel
table.

Show Totals in a Table

Using the built-in Table feature, you can easily display the total for a
column or several columns after you have created an Excel table.
To display a total:
Select a cell in the table.
Select the Design tab from the Table Tools tab on the Ribbon.
Add a checkmark to Total Row in the Table Style Options group.
At the bottom of the table, a Total row will be added, and a total
will be shown in one or more than one column of numbers.

Modify and Add Totals

Totals for other columns can be selected in addition to the ones that are
generated automatically.
Select one of the columns and click on the Total cell.
Select the function you wish to use in the current column from
the drop-down list.

The cell is given the SUBTOTAL formula, which displays the calculation in
the table's column depending on the visible cells.

Formula Outside the Table

A formula would be generated outside of the table in this example. The
COUNTBLANK function will be used in the formula to count the blank
cells in a table column. Ordered is the table name, and Product is the
column name.
Type =COUNTBLANK (in a blank cell to start the formula.)
Then, for the column you want to check, click at the very top of
the heading cell — the cursor would change to a down arrow.
Do not click on the column button where the column letter is.
Also, do not click in the middle of a heading cell.
 The table name and column name should be shown in the
structured reference:

=COUNTBLANK (Orders [Product])

Type a closing bracket, then press Enter key in order to complete
the formula.

Add a Counter Field

Add a counter field to the Excel table if you want to use it as the source
information for a pivot table. It may be used in summary calculations or
calculated fields.
If, instead of typing the value, you use a simple formula, this is
quite simple to generate and manage in an Excel table.
In the first blank column of the orders table sheet, add a heading
— Sales.
Type the following formula in the cell below the heading: =1
To complete the formula, press Enter.
The formula would immediately fill down all the rows since the
data is in a named Excel table. When you add new rows, they
will also be automatically entered.
The 1s can provide a value-added together in a pivot table or
used in a Calculated Field to provide accurate results.

Print Excel Table Only

When dealing with lists in Excel, make use of the built-in Table feature to
make data manipulation simpler. Then, if you want to print the table and not
the other worksheet items, you may use a built-in command called Print
List.
Since the command is not on the Ribbon, you may either add it or add it to
the Quick Access Toolbar.
 Chapter 9. Excel Charts
A chart is a graphical or visual representation of data in a worksheet in such
a way that the users can have a better understanding of the data rather than
just looking at the numbers. Excel provides different kinds of chart formats
that match what you want.

Types of Charts
Column Charts

Column charts are useful for data in both row and column forms. Column
charts are ideal when you wish to show changes to data over time or wish to
compare specific subsets of data. The average column chart places
categories on the X-axis and values on the Y-axis.
Bar Charts

Bar charts are quite similar to column charts and share all the same
subtypes. Bar charts are useful when it comes to illustrating how individual
items compare to one another. When it actually comes to choosing between
the two, consider a bar chart when working with durations of time as your
values or when the axis labels are longer than average.
Line Charts

Line charts are a useful method of displaying data continuously over a

specific amount of time. Typically, it is used to show how multiple variables
performed along a set scale when compared to one another. Any data that is
placed into rows or columns can be turned into a line chart and the X-axis
holds category data and Y-axis contains the value data. Line charts are
especially useful when various category labels are written as text and are
spread out evenly such as quarters, months, or years.

Scatter Chart
Scatter charts are also able to change the scale of the horizontal axis to
deliver a greater degree of specificity. It is also useful when you actually
want to use a horizontal axis with a logarithmic scale, when the X values
are easily segmented or when there are more than 10 points on the X-axis. It
is also a great choice when you want to display numerous data points where
time is not a factor. To prepare data for being put into a scatter chart, it is
important to place all of the values that you want to be graphed on the X-
axis in a single column or row and then enter the Y-axis values in the next
column or row.
Pie Chart

For data that can be expressed in a single column or row, the best choice to
display it visually is typically a pie chart. Pie charts are typically used to
show individual parts of a whole in relation to the combined total of all of
the parts in question. The percentage of each category’s contribution will
also be displayed as a percentage. Pie charts are the perfect choice when
none of the relative values are negative, none of the values are zero, there
are no more than seven categories being graphed and, most importantly, all
of the values are related to a larger whole.
Area Charts

Area charts are useful for making the magnitude of a category’s values
change over time more readily visible. They are also an easy way to
emphasize each value in relation to the whole. Area charts typically show a
variety of plotted values as well as their sum total.

Customizing Charts
After creating a chart, you have several tools available for formatting and
customizing the chart to your liking. For example, you can swap the axis,
change/adjust the data source, update the chart title, adjust the layout, apply
a chart style, and apply a theme color to your chart.
To demonstrate some of these options, let’s say we need to create a chart
with four quarters of sales.
To create the chart:
Select the range with the data, including the column headers and row
headers.
Click on Insert > Recommended Charts. You’re presented with the Insert
Chart dialog box with several chart recommendations for your data.
Select the Clustered Column option.
Click OK.
A chart will be created and added to your worksheet.
 Switching the X and Y Axes

You can switch the values Excel applies to the vertical axis (also called the
Y-axis) and horizontal axis (also called the X-axis).
To switch the values applied to the axes:
Select the chart.
Click Chart Design > Switch Row/Column.
This will swap the values applied to the vertical and horizontal axes.

To swap the values back, simply click the Switch Row/Column button
again.
Change the Data Source

To change the data used as the source of the chart, do the following:
Click the Select Data button on the Design tab. The Select Data Source
dialog box will actually be displayed.
Select the up arrow that is on the Chart data range field. This will change it
to a down-pointing arrow.
Select the cells you want in the worksheet area and click on the down-
pointing arrow to return to the Select Data Source screen.
Click OK to confirm the change.
The new data source will now be used for the chart.

Adding Axis Titles

When you create a new chart, you’ll see “Chart Title” as a placeholder that
needs to be edited with the title of the chart. There are also no labels at the
axis, and we may want to add them to the chart.
To change the Chart Title, you can simply click on it and type in the title.
Alternatively, you can select the name from a field on your worksheet. For
example, if we wanted our chart title to be Sales by quarter, which is in cell
A1 of our worksheet, we would click on the Chart Title label and in the
formula bar, enter “=A1”. This will use the value in cell A1 for our chart
title.
We can also add titles down the left-hand side and at the bottom of the
chart. These are called axis titles. The left side is the Y-axis while the
bottom is the X-axis.
To change the layout of your chart, click on Chart Design > Quick Layout.
You’ll get a pop-up with several chart layouts. With the chart selected, you
can mouse over each layout to view more details about it and get a preview
of how your chart will look with that layout. A few of the options provide
axis titles as well as move the legend to the right of the chart. If you want a
layout with both axis titles, then Layout 9 would be a good pick.
If we select Layout 9, we get a chart with labels that we can edit to add
titles to the X-axis and Y-axis.
You can edit the axis labels as described above. You can click on the labels
and type in the text directly or pull the text from your worksheet area by
typing in a cell reference, for example, =A1, assuming cell A1 as the text
you want for that label.
 Chart Styles

When you click on the chart, the Chart Design tab shows up on the Ribbon.
On this tab, you have an array of Chart Styles you can choose from to
change the look and color of your chart.
To change the color of the actual plot area:
Click on the plot area to select it (this is the center of the chart) and it will
be selected.
With the plot area selected, click on the Format tab on the Ribbon.
Click the drop-down button in the Shape Styles group.
You’ll get a pop-up with many Theme Styles to choose from for the format
of the plot area. You can mouse over each one to see a preview of how your
chart would look like if selected.

When you actually find the one you like, click on it to select it.

Creating Sparkline Charts

Adding a Sparkline

Select the data you want to create a Sparkline chart for. At the lower-right
corner of the selection, you’ll see the Quick Analysis tool.
Click on the Quick Analysis tool to open a pop-up menu of Quick Analysis
options—Formatting, Charts, Totals, Tables, and Sparklines.
Click on Sparklines and then select one option from Line, Column, or
Win/Loss.
For this example, the Line option was selected. The sparklines will be
created in the cells immediately to the right of the selected values.

To format your Sparkline chart, click on it to select it.

On the Ribbon, click on the Sparkline tab. In the Style group, you’ll see
various options to edit and style your sparkline chart.

Use the following options to design your sparkline:

On the Sparkline tab, click on Line, Column, or Win/Loss buttons to change
the chart type.
You can check Markers to highlight specific values in the Sparkline chart.
You can actually select a different Style for the Sparkline.
You can change the Sparkline Color and the Marker Color.
Click on Sparkline Color > Weight to change the width of the Sparkline.
Click on Marker Color to change the color of the markers.
Click on Axis to show the axis, if the data has positive and negative values.

Add/Remove Chart Titles

Adding titles to charts and individual charts X and Y axes provides an easy
way to make complex information more readily apparent. Title options can
be found under Chart Tools once a chart has been selected to allow access
to the Format, Layout, and Design tabs.
To actually add a title to a chart, select the Layout tab and the grouping of
options titled Labels to find the Chart Title option.
A box will appear labeled Box Title, fill it in and determine where you want
the title to be placed.
Text formation options will appear once the text is highlighted; traditional
formatting options will also be available.
To add titles to the axes, start by selecting the preferred chart and then
viewing the Layout tab, the Labels grouping of options, and the option
labeled Axis titles.
This option will provide you with the opportunity to label all the axes
including multiple X or Y axes. To add a title for the Z-axis, select the
option labeled Depth Axis Title.
Enter a title and you will be provided with formatting options as well.

Adding Data Point Labels

Individual labels can be added to specific data points in some charts to
emphasize specific areas of importance.
To add a single label to all data points in a specific series or a single point in
a series, start by selecting the desired chart to pull up the Chart Tools
option.
Select the layout tab, followed by the Labels grouping of options and the
option for Data labels.
This will actually provide you with options when it comes to naming an
individual or multiple labels as well as removing unneeded labels.

Add a Legend
A legend is a quick and easy way to ensure that everyone viewing your
chart knows exactly what they are looking at.
To add a legend to a specific chart, start by selecting the desired chart to
pull up the Chart Tools option.
Select the Layout tab and the grouping of options titled Labels to find the
Legend option.
Select the options related to your specific graph, additional options are
available under the More Legend Options button.
Legend adjustments can be made through this window or by dragging the
legend using the mouse. Adjustments made through the options menu will
automatically populate and make adjustments to data placing as needed.
Selecting the legend and hitting the delete key will remove the legend from
the chart.
Selecting the individual legend entries will allow you to edit them
individually.

Modify Chart Size

Charts can be moved or resized by simply dragging them as required.
Charts can also be resized from the Format tab by selecting the Size
grouping of options, then Shape Width, and Shape Height.
Additional options are located in the same place on the ribbon under the
button next to the Size label. Here you will be able to actually determine if
you want the chart to scale, rotate, or be resized.
The properties tab provides controls regarding how the chart moves in
relation to how cells are resized in the worksheet.

Create a Chart Template

Start by selecting the chart that you will want to save for future use.
Select the Design tab and look for the grouping of options labeled Type and
choose the Save as Template option.
By default, after you enter a name for the template, it will be viewable
under the Templates option in the Insert Chart menu.
Giving the template a name and saving it will populate future charts with all
of the colors, format, and height and width specifications as the original. It
can then be modified as normal.
The template will be available across worksheets and workbooks.
 Chapter 10. Analyze Data with Excel
In every field, Microsoft Excel is among the most widely used techniques.
Others stick to basic pie charts and conditional formatting, while others
love experimenting with pivotal tables and histograms.
Some can transform the dull monochrome Excel into a piece of art, whereas
others may be content with its data processing. In this discussion, we'll take
a close look at Microsoft Excel and its capabilities. We'll go into how to
process data in Excel Analytics and some tips and tricks. The topic would
also look at how to interpret data in Excel in different forms.

Make Pivot Table

We may use a pivot tool to summarize large volumes of data. It is often
used to explain and identify trends in data collection and is one of the most
straightforward approaches to analyze data in Excel.
Pattern recognition in a minimal sample is straightforward. However, due to
the size of the databases, finding similarities also necessitates extra work. A
pivot table can become extremely helpful in these situations since it just
requires a few minutes to analyze sets of data using one.
Consider the following scenario: you have a dataset of regions and revenue
numbers. You might be interested in knowing the amount of revenues per
country that can be used to assess whether a region is underperforming and
how to develop in that market. You can quickly generate a report in Excel
using a pivot table and store it for future review.
In Excel, a Pivot Table helps you summarize data as estimates, sums, or
counts from data in another Spreadsheet or table. Since you can filter and
visualize data efficiently, it's ideal for quickly creating data.
For example, if you're doing data analysis, you might have created a
spreadsheet that you can copy and paste into MS Excel, or use that in
Google Docs and if you prefer (just go to File >Make a Copy).
The spreadsheet includes details from a fake company's consumer
purchases. Since businesses spend at various times, we'll use a pivot table to
consolidate this Data so we can see overall sales by business and evaluate
transactions through companies for fast analysis.
The Pivot table helps you rearrange a table containing tons of details so that
you can see the information that applies to you.
A. You may pick the whole dataset you like to look at it and choose:
"Data" -> "PivotTable" on either a Mac or even a PC. When you
click that, a new tab with a table should open.
B. Drag and remove the Row Labels, Column Labels, and Report
Filter until you have the table next to you.

The top row of the table should have column labels (for
example, Month, Date, Company Name)
Row Labels run down the left side of the table [for example,
Month, Date, and Company Name (as with column labels, that
depends on whether you choose to view the Data horizontally
and vertically)]
The data to be measured should be entered in the Values
section (for example, Revenue, Purchases)
Report Filter aids in the refinement of the performance. Fill in
the blanks of anything you'd like to filter through (For
instance, you might want to check at Lead Referral Sources
but leave Google and Direct out.)

Pivot tables are a fantastic way to keep track of the details in the reports.
You may copy and paste data into your Excel file or use Google Apps to
make a copy (File >Make a Copy).

Analyzing Data Sets with Excel

You can quickly generate various forms of charts, such as line & column
charts, or incorporate miniature diagrams if you know how to interpret data
in Excel. You may also use conditional formatting, add a table design, build
PivotTables, easily insert totals, or apply a table style. If you obey a few
basic guidelines, analyzing massive data sets using Excel becomes a lot
easier:
 Choose the cells that store the information you want to examine.
Click the Quick Analysis key image button (or press CRTL +Q)
that appears to bottom right of the selected results.
The Quick Analysis Lens button is visible on selected data.
Pick a tab from the gallery of Quick Analysis. Choose Charts, for
example, to see the data in a chart.
Choose one of the options, or point to each to see a preview.
You'll find that the options available to you aren't all the same.
This is due to the fact that the choices vary depending on the
kind of data you've chosen in your workbook.

To learn the suitable method to analyze data in Excel, you'll need to

recognize that the analysis approach is appropriate for you.
1. Formatting: Formatting allows you to draw attention to certain
aspects of the data using data bars & colors. This, among other
aspects, allows you to easily see high or low values.
2. Charts: Charts Excel suggests various charts depending on the
kind of data you've selected.
3. Totals: Totals enable you to add and subtract numbers from rows
or columns. Running Total, for example, inserts a total that
expands when you add things to the results. Additional
alternatives can be seen by clicking the small black arrows on
right & left.
4. Tables: Tables make filtering and sorting data. Click More if you
don't see table style you want.
5. Sparklines: Sparklines are small graphs that can be shown
alongside data. They enable you to see trends quickly.

Tips and Tricks

If you play your cards correctly, data analysis in MS Excel can be a lot of
fun. We've compiled a list of short tips to help you understand how to
analyze data in Excel.
Cleaning of data
With a few tips & techniques, one of the most common Excel functions.
You will learn how to use the native Excel function and how to use Power
Query to achieve the same aim. Excel 2016 has a built-in function called
Power Query, and Excel 2010/2013 has an Add-in called Power Query.
With just only a few clicks, you can actually import, convert, and load your
data.

Change the number format from text to numeric.

When you upload data from a source other than MS Excel, numbers are
often converted to text. Excel can notify you by displaying a green tooltip
in cell's top-left corner.
You can easily convert values to numbers by tapping on 'Convert to number'
inside the tooltip choices, depending on number of values in range.
If you actually have more than 1000 values, you may have to wait a few
seconds for Excel to complete the conversion.
You may also use Text-to-Columns to translate values to number format by
following these steps:
1. Choose the set of values that need to be converted.
2. Choose Data >Text to Columns from the menu bar.
3. Click Next after selecting Delimited.
4. Uncheck both of the delimiter checkboxes (see below) and press
Next.
5. Text-Columns-Checkboxes
6. Click Finish after selecting General.
When you have a large amount of numbers to convert, such trick will save
you time over waiting for all of them to be converted. Simply right-click on
column header of column you wish to convert in Power Query.
1. Choose Change Type.
2. Next, choose the number type you like (such as Whole Number
or Decimal)
3. Power-Query-Data-Type

Data Analysis
Excel analytics makes data analysis easier and quicker. Here are few work-
related suggestions:
1. Using Excel Tables to build auto-expandable ranges: Excel
Tables are one of the most underutilized aspects of MS Excel.
Excel Tables have a lot of great features that let you function
faster. The following are some of these characteristics:
2. Formula Auto Fill: As you insert a formula in the table, it will
automatically be copied to the table's remainder.
3. Auto Expansion: New objects typed below or to the right of table
are added to the table automatically.
4. Visible headers: The headers will still be visible, regardless of
where you are in the table.
5. Automatic Total Row: To evaluate total of a row, pick the
formula you want to use.
6. Use Excel Tables in a Formula: Much like dropdown lists,
whenever you have formula that relies on a Table, the relation in
the formula would be automatically changed when new objects
are added to the Table.
7. Using Excel Tables as a Chart Source: Once you use an MS
Excel Table as a chart source, the chart would be automatically
changed. As you can see, the Excel Tables let you build
 databases that don't need to be changed any time new
information is added.

Data Visualization
Quickly visualize trends: Sparklines are a Microsoft Excel visualization
feature that helps you quickly visualize general pattern of a set of values.
Sparklines are mini-graphs that appear inside cells. You would want to
imagine the average pattern of a collective of salesmen's monthly sales.
Follow the measures below to make the sparklines:
1. Choose the set that includes the Data you'll be plotting (This
move is suggested but not required; you can choose your data set
later.)
2. Choose Sparklines from the Insert menu. Choose from three
types of sparklines: line, column, or win/loss.
3. Pick a list by clicking the range selection icon. Choose a
Selection to find the position of the sparklines, use the Excel
Button, press Enter, and then click OK. Ensure that the position
you use is relative to the data source. For, e.g., if data source
range has 6 rows, the sparkline's position must also have 6 rows.

You will use the following to format the sparkline:

To adjust the color of markers, do the following:
1. To reach the Sparkline Tools menu, click on cell inside the
sparkline.
2. Go to Marker Color in Sparkline tools menu and adjust the color
for the individual markers you like.

For instance, high points go on green, low points go on the red, and the rest
goes on the blue.
To alter the line width, use the following commands:
1. To access the Sparkline Tools menu, click a cell inside the
sparkline.
 2. Go to Sparkline Color >Weight in Sparkline Tools contextual
menu and adjust the line width as required.

Save your time with Quick Analysis: The Quick Analysis function was one
of the considerable enhancements in Excel 2021. By simply pressing an
actual button, you can easily generate graphs, sparklines, PivotCharts,
PivotTables, and summary functions.
When you pick data in MS Excel 2013 or later, the Fast Analysis Excel
Button appears in bottom-right corner of the set you've chosen. The
following choices will appear when you press the Fast Analysis button:
1. Charts
2. Formatting
3. Totals
4. Sparklines
5. Tables

When you choose one of the tools, Excel will show a summary of the
potential outcomes based on the Data you entered.
1. If you go to charts and press the Quick Analysis tab, you will
easily generate the graph below by simply pressing a button.
2. You can easily insert a row with average by each column if you
go to Totals:
3. You can easily attach Sparklines by clicking on Sparklines tab:
4. As you can see, that Quick Analysis function helps you conduct
various visualizations and analyses efficiently and with little
effort.

Data Reporting
Data reporting in Excel analytics necessitates more than just accounting
skills; it often necessitates a detailed understanding of Excel functionalities
as well as the ability to make the report visually appealing.
1. Before updating the Excel workbook, disable Auto Refresh.
When you make modifications to the worksheet, this would
prevent the table from updating. To do so, tap "Switch auto-
refresh off" from the Refresh icon at bottom of Excel Report
Designer Task-Pane.
2. Pick a cell in table region below where you'd like to place the
new row while inserting a new row to layout. Then right-click
and choose Insert >Table Rows Above from the context menu.
3. Using the Table Delete functions equivalent to the Insert
functions to delete columns or rows. Click a cell in table region
of the column or row you wish to delete to remove it. Then right-
click and actually choose Delete from the context menu,
followed by Table Columns & Table Rows.
4. Exclude any rows or columns that aren't required from the graph.
It's simpler for the table to reload if fewer cells are in the
arrangement, so deleting those that aren't required would increase
results.

There are also other uses for Excel that might not have been included here.
To learn about the infinite range of functions available in Excel analytics,
experiment with visualizing abstract details or organizing disparate
numbers. If you want to work in data processing, having a solid
understanding of Excel is a must.

The Importance of Reporting All Results

It is essential to disclose all results, even though they are negligible while
evaluating data. It's also crucial to avoid grouping data analyses together
and to make broad generalizations. A researcher reporting on the efficacy of
visual aid in increasing awareness of cataracts, for example, gives patients a
10-question survey before and after giving them the visual aid. The visual
assistance, according to the report, improves the average amount of
correctly answered questions. It is a decent beginning, but it is insufficient.
The researcher must carefully examine the findings of each particular query.
Knowing that the technique improves general comprehension offers no
insight on the intervention's benefits and disadvantages. Maybe the
initiative increased the number of people who know what the cataract is, but
maybe not the number of people who know how to properly treat a cataract.
It is crucial to know since it allows the action to be tweaked to help
communicate the required detail.
This knowledge acquisition analyzes data in Excel and how to analyze
revenue data in Excel, and a few data analysis examples.
 Chapter 11. Mistakes in Microsoft Excel

Printing Difficulties
Excel 2010 to 2016: This is also a bug that is often found. When a user tries
to print from a specific region inside a spreadsheet, it generates a page
break for each and every cell, including the user's best efforts to fit the
collection into one page. And it gives a margin error any time a user tries to
scale the image.
Well, this is a really inconvenient problem, so learn about the most popular
causes and how to fix the Excel printing mistake.
Causes include:
It has been discovered that the problem arises as a result of the
following circumstances:
The printer driver has been corrupted.
Alternatively, the customer does not have a default printer driver
installed.

Resolution:
To resolve the problem, it is suggested that the printer driver be updated and
that a new printer driver be used as the default printer driver. To do so, obey
these instructions:
To begin, open the Add Printer dialogue box as follows:
Select Add a printer from the actual drop-down menu.
Select Add a local printer from the Add Printer box.
 And then select Use an existing port, then Next.
Now, select Microsoft from the Manufacturer drop-down menu.
Next, select Microsoft XPS Document Writer.
After that, select Use the currently configured driver
(recommended) > Next.
Pick Set as the default printer from the drop-down menu, then
clicks Next.
Finally, press the Finish button.

Verify that changing printer drivers resolves the problem:

Excel can be used to open the spreadsheet.
Select File > Print from the drop-down menu, then press the Print
button.
Found Unreadable Content

This is a typical Excel error that users encounter when they try to open an
XlsxWriter file and receive the following message:
This challenging error in Excel's default alert about any validation error in
XML used for the elements of the XLSX file, it is realized that the text is
unreadable error is caused by the corruption of the whole Excel file or the
corruption of one or more objects in the Excel file.
However, there are several manual methods that may assist in the correction
of Excel errors. To obey all of the corrections,

Added formulas Performance Problems:

Excel users have complained about the slow performance. In XLSX Excel
formats, formulas with a connection to an entire column may cause
performance issues. In particular, formulas that reference an entire column
in XLSX Excel formats can create performance issues.
This is due to the expanded column size of the most recent Excel..
Users must adjust the slow-calculating worksheets in Excel to make them
compute tens, hundreds, or maybe even thousands of times quicker. To do
so, switch the calculation modes from automated to manual. This will help
you prevent the Excel output issues caused by added formulas.

Pasting Error
Excel pasting error is a very annoying error that consumers encounter from
time to time when pasting details/data from one Excel document to another.
This mistake isn't exclusive to one Excel text, but it affects a number of
them. "The details you are attempting to paste do not fit the cell type
(Currency, Text, Date, or other formats) for the cells in the column," says
the error message.

The primary cause of the mistake is yet to be determined. However, to

correct the Excel error of being unable to paste results, use the following
solution:
If you're attempting to paste a vast volume of data, make sure the
cell structure for the cells in the column fits the structure of the
data you're pasting, and then paste the data one column at a time.
You may also fix the error by changing the cell format for a
column.
To do so, follow these steps:
First, press the column heading for the column that needs to be
changed (A, B, C, and so on).
 Then, on the Home page, choose Number Format from the drop-
down menu.
After that, choose the cell format that corresponds to the data
you're trying to paste into the column.

They hope that the provided solutions will assist you in resolving popular
Excel errors; however, if the error persists despite following the provided
solutions, please contact us. In this scenario, use the automatic Excel
problem-solving approach to quickly get back to work on your Excel
application.
Copy the Formula
To easily copy a formula, use the following steps:
Hovering over a cell with the formula in the bottom-right corner
(one will see that the pointer has become a thick black +)
Press the black + sign twice.
Taking formulas or Values and Pasting Them • If this technique
doesn’t fit because the range starts at a blank cell and ends at a
blank cell, or one does not want to pull a formula down to
Thousand rows, do this instead: • Select the first cell one want to
copy or fill in with data.
In the name box, write the address of the last cell in the range
where one wants to enter the data or the formula, then press Shift
+ Enter.
To modify the formula in the first cell, press F2.
Finally, press CTRL + Enter.

IFERROR
When the formula produces a mistake, the Excel IFERROR feature returns
a custom outcome, and when no error is found, it returns a normal result.
IFERROR is a simple way to catch and handle errors without the need for
nested IF statements.
Formula: =IFERROR (value, value if error)
Parameters:
Value is the value, or algorithm or reference, that would be used to look for
errors.
Value if the error is the value of the outcome if a mistake is present.
When an error is found in a calculation, the IFERROR algorithm "catches"
the error and returns an alternate answer or formula.
The IFERROR module may be used to catch and treat errors caused by
other functions or formulas. The following errors are detected by
IFERROR: #REF!, #DIV/0!, #VALUE!, #NUM!, #NULL! Or #NAME?
If A1 includes 10, B1 is empty, and C1 includes the formula =A1/B1, this
IFERROR will catch the mistake #DIV/0 that is caused by dividing A1/B1
=IFERROR (A1/B1, please fill in the blanks in B1")
If B1 is null or void, C1 will show the message "Please insert a value in B1"
as long as B1 is empty. The formula would return the product of A1/B1
when a number is inserted in B1.

IFNA
When the formula produces a #N/A error, the IFNA function displays the
customized result, and when no mistake is found, it returns a normal
outcome.
IFNA is a clever way to capture and treat #N/A error when ignoring any
other errors.
Formula: =IFNA (value, value_if_na)
Parameters:
Value is The value or algorithm, or reference that would be used to look for
errors.
Value if na is if there is a #N/A mistake, this will be the value to be
returned. The following is an illustration of IFNA being used to capture
#N/A errors with VLOOKUP: =IFNA (VLOOKUP(A1,table,2,0),"Not
found")
As a value is blank, it is treated as a blank string ("") rather than a mistake.
If value if na is set to a blank string (""), when a mistake occurs, no
message is shown.

Formulas Not Working

It's possible that when one confirms a formula (by pressing enter), the
answer doesn't appear; rather, The formula is shown in the cell.
The Solution is The issue is that the cell is formatted as text, so Excel
interprets the formula as text.
Simply transform the cell to a Number/ General format, then verify the
formula.

Formula View
This occurs more often by chance when the spreadsheet displays all
calculations but not their output.

The Solution is to Simply click CTRL ~ again to return to regular mode.

Hashes in the Cell

Sometimes the cells would be loaded up with hashes. This may be because
the cell data does not fit in the cell's width. The data is in excess of 253
letters A -ve number in the cell has been configured as a Date or Time
format. Note the date or time must be positive numbers. The Fix is to
Widen the column's width. For autofit, Shortcut is ALT OCA, or ALT OCW
is for specific custom width) Reduce the no of characters in the cell value.
Please ensure the cell does not have a -ve number that is formatted as the
date or time.

Page Breaks
Page breaks are innocuous, and they make the spreadsheet untidy.
The Solution is to Go to Options, then to Advanced, then to Scroll down to
look for displaying options for the current spreadsheet, then untick Page
Breaks

Excel Security
It is possible to apply encryption to Excel spreadsheets, but it is riddled
with issues. The focus of protection is on the spreadsheet's configuration
rather than the details. One may attempt to lock certain sheets and cells to
prevent users from modifying the layout & formula, but they can generally
alter any of it if they see the data.

Switch the Enter key's influence. Excel shifts to the next down cell as one
presses the Enter key. But what if one prefers to sit in the same cell? By
using Tools, then Options, then Edit, one can make the Enter key carry them
in either direction or keep them in the same cell.
 Chapter 12. Excel and Daily Life
Here are useful applications and advantages of Excel that you can take
advantage in your daily life

Data Analysis and Storage

Among the most useful features of Excel is the ability to review vast
volumes of data in order to spot patterns. One could summarize data and
organize it in an orderly manner with the assistance of charts and graphs so
that one can quickly access it anytime they need it. It becomes simpler to
store records, and one can save a lot of time as a result.
Data may be utilized for a variety of applications once it has been stored in
a structured manner. Microsoft Excel makes it easy to perform different
operations on data by including a variety of resources.

Excel’s Applications Help One to Do the Job Faster and

More Efficiently
Microsoft Excel has a plethora of resources that make the job a lot easier
and saves one time. There are incredible resources for browsing, sorting,
and scanning that make the job much easier.
One will complete the job in even less time if they mix these methods with
tables, pivot tables, and other tools. Multiple components can be
conveniently included in vast volumes of data to assist in the solution of a
variety of issues and queries.

Spreadsheets and Data Recovery

Another advantageous feature of Microsoft Excel makes it is easier, in case
if the data is damaged, one will easily regain it. If an entrepreneur has
valuable data saved in Excel and it is missing, or the file is destroyed, they
need not fear since the Excel XML format will be used to recover the lost or
broken file data.
The next significant application is that MS Excel worksheets make the task
easier, and it can shrink the size of the spreadsheet and make things
lightweight quickly with the current Excel XML format.
 Ms Excel’s Mathematical Calculations Make the Calculation
Simpler
The very good use of Excel is that it allows one to solve complicated
mathematical problems in a far easier and less time-consuming manner.
There are several formulas in Excel, and by using them, one will perform a
variety of operations on a vast volume of data at once, such as finding the
count, average, and so on.
As a result, Microsoft Excel is used anytime people need to solve
complicated mathematical problems or add basic mathematical formulas to
tables with a lot of details.

Security
The most important feature of Microsoft Excel is that it secures Excel
archives, allowing users to keep their data protected. Via simple visual
coding or directly inside the excel file, all Excel files may be passcode
protected.
Companies keep their valuable data in MS Excel so they can keep it sorted
and save time. Mostly everyone needs their data to be password locked so
that no one may access them or destroy them, and MS Excel is an excellent
solution to this issue.

Get Data Displays More Sophisticatedly

The next benefit of MS Excel is that it allows one to bring more
functionality to the data presentations, which ensures one can refine the
data bars, highlight any relevant things they wish to highlight, and quickly
make the data more visually appealing.
If one has data stored in Microsoft Excel and wishes to illustrate something
significant, they can use the different data presentation features included in
the Excel. One might also make the spreadsheets on which they have
processed data more appealing.

Online Access
Another actual advantage of Excel is that it can be downloaded online from
everywhere at any time, allowing one to use it from any platform and from
every place. It allows us to function more efficiently, which ensures even if
one does not have a computer, they can use someone else phone to
complete their tasks quickly and effectively. As a result of the extensive
versatility that Microsoft Excel offers, people want to work on it so that
anyone can focus on their work without being distracted by their
smartphone or venue.

Keeps All of the Data in One Place

Another useful feature of Microsoft Excel is that it allows one to have all of
their data in one place. It will assist them in preventing the loss of their
records. It will keep all of their data in one place, so they won’t have to
spend time looking for files. As a result, one can spend less time and will be
able to quickly look up the organized and sorted data anytime they need it.

Assists Businesspeople in Implementing Long-Term

Strategies
Data may be represented in the form of graphs and charts to aid in the
identification of various patterns. Trend lines may be expanded far beyond
the graph with the support of Microsoft Excel, making it far simpler to
analyze insights and changes.
In order to increase profits, it is crucial to analyze the appeal of products or
the selling trend that they adopt. Excel makes this challenge easier for
company owners, allowing them to flourish and increase earnings.

Manage Expenses
Microsoft Excel is useful for budgeting. For example, if a specialist earns
$50,000 each month, he would pay certain costs, and if he needs to know
precisely how much he spends each month, he will quickly do so with
Excel. He will enter his monthly revenue and expenditures into excel tables
to see how much he is investing, allowing him to manage his finances
further.
MS Excel has many advantages; that’s why users use it all around the globe
for a variety of activities. Not only can it save resources, but it also helps
the job simpler. It is almost capable of doing any mission. For e.g., one can
perform quantitative calculations as well as create graphical representations
to store data. It is easy for a businessperson to quantify and store data in it.
 Chapter 13. Business and Microsoft Excel
Business Uses for Microsoft Excel
MS Excel Has the Ability to Store and Interpret Vast
Amounts of Data

It helps to maintain all of the details in one location so that it does not get
misplaced and time is not wasted looking for specific information.
It has become such a common program as a result of these reasons, and
people have become accustomed to using it. Entry and preservation of data.
Excel is a great platform for data entry and storing at the simplest stage.
The only restriction to the size of an Excel file is the processing capacity
and memory of the computer. At best, 1,048,576 rows & 16,384 columns
can be placed on a spreadsheet. Excel will clearly hold a lot of information.
Not only that, but features like Data Form make it simple to enter and
display data, allowing consumers to build personalized data entry forms
adapted to their unique business requirements. Which will be used to create
and manage client mailing lists as well as staff change rosters.
Business Data Collection & Verification

Businesses often use different structures (such as CRM and inventory)

within each database log. All of this information can be translated to Excel
for quick entry. The software may also be used to tidy up data by deleting
redundant or missing entries; removing those data from the start is critical
since it can affect subsequent review and reporting.
Administrative & Management Responsibilities

Developing and outlining business procedures is one part of management

responsibilities.
This helps in the optimization of processes and is a useful method for
planning operations and situations. Excel has software for creating flow
charts with text, images, and illustrations.
Budgeting & Accounting
Excel also comes with accounting and budgeting models that are easy to
use. The software’s integrated measuring and formula tools will then be
used to help one coordinate and summarize the findings.
Examine the Data

So one has been given a mountain of data and the task of extracting
information from it. Excel will also help them handle and formulate simple,
communicable data, so don’t stress. Pivot Tables are one of the main
qualities for this. They enable users to condense and concentrate on specific
data segments from a broad data collection, resulting in brief observations
that can be used as an immersive overview report. The table may be easily
modified to represent preferred data fields by adding filters or switching out
data columns.
Visualizations and Reporting

Graphs, charts can be created using data from both direct data sets and
Pivot tables and may be used in written papers, interviews, or as a data
collection tool. Since they may give a different viewpoint on patterns and
results. Excel has a number of pre-made map models, but it also enables
consumers to customize shades, axis values, and text remarks. Visual
reporting may be applied to every industry. A column table, for example,
may be used by marketing departments to check on the effectiveness of an
advertising campaign over time and to equate it to past initiatives.

Assumption

Although monitoring and updating performance is critical in every sector,

planning and preparing for different scenarios and adjustments is equally
crucial. When designed to simulate financial forecasts using historical
evidence, Excel may be used in combination with third-party applications.
Excel may also generate a function from the data collection of a map that
can be used to determine potential values.

Benefits of Microsoft Excel

 Accounting

Budgeting, forecasting, expense monitoring, financial reporting, loan

spreadsheets, and more are all available on Excel.
This software was essentially created to satisfy these various accounting
requirements. Excel clearly suits the bill since it is used by 89 percent of
businesses for multiple accounting functions.
Excel also comes with a variety of spreadsheet models to help you with all
of these tasks.
Graphing

The list continues on and on with pie charts, line charts, bar charts, scatter
charts, area charts, and column charts. Excel’s ability to actually turn rows
and columns of numbers into stunning charts is sure to become one of the
favorite features if one needs to reflect data more interactive and easy to
digest.
Inventory Management

It may be difficult to actually keep track of the inventory. Luckily, Excel

may assist employees, company owners, and even people in keeping track
of their products, so no big issues arise.
Schedules & Calendars

If one needs to plan their blog or website’s material calendar? Is one

looking for lesson plans for their classroom? Is there a paid vacation
schedule for one and their coworkers? A regular routine for one’s family?
When it comes to different schedules, Excel can be a fairly good option.
Seating Tables

Creating a seating chart for anything from a major corporate feast to a

wedding can be a royal pain. Thankfully, Excel will render it an absolute
breeze. If one is a total whiz, they will be able to build the seating chart
using their spreadsheet of RSVPs instantly. Excel will provide assistance
yon in completing all tasks.
 Worksheet for Goal Setting

It benefits from having anything to hold yourself centered as well as on the

track, whether it’s career aspirations, health goals, or financial goals.
Excel’s charm is identified. One will use the software to build a variety of
worksheets, logs, and preparation papers to track their success and, ideally,
reach the finish line.
Mock-Ups

When that it comes to programming, Excel may not be the first thing that
comes to mind. However, accept it or not, the platform may be used to
create different mock-ups and designs. It’s a common option for designing
website prototypes and workflows, in reality.
Complete Your Tasks

If one wants to increase their productivity. On the other hand, Excel will
come to the rescue with a multitude of functions that can help one manage
their activities and to-dos with simplicity and organization.
Task List

Say farewell to the old-fashioned to-do list on paper. With Excel, you can
create a much more comprehensive task list and chart the progress on the
bigger tasks one already has on one plate.
Item Lists

Similarly, one should make a quick checklist to cross off the items they
have bought or completed—from a shopping list to a list of to-dos for a
forthcoming publicity campaign.
Schematics for Project Management

Excel is a complete package when it comes to making charts. This principle

is often applicable when it comes to different project management maps.
Excel will help maintain their project on track in a variety of ways, from
waterfall maps to many styles of charts to monitor the team’s success.
 Timesheets

You also realize that keeping track of the time will help you be more
productive. Although there are several fancy applications and software to
help you fulfill the need, think of Excel as the initial time-tracking
application. It continues to be a viable alternative today.
Types of Documents

Excel is a wonderful tool for constructing shapes, from basic to complex.

One can even program numerous dropdown tariffs so that consumers can
choose from a pre-defined list of options.

Quizzes

It is a good way to find your knowledge of a certain subject, anyone else, or

your students in Excel. One will build a set of queries in one spreadsheet
and then order Excel to quiz you or another person.
Keeping in Touch

Managing partnerships is vital to progress both professionally and socially.

Surprisingly, Excel makes it easier to stay in contact.
CRM

Need a compact CRM to keep top of mind with the customers? One should
build one in Excel. And the greatest news? Creating your own ensures it
would be completely customizable. Sales Programmer has put together a
handy series of free sales excel models one can use to help them get started.
E-Mail List

Data does not often have to be numerical, Or Excel is also excellent at

handling and sorting huge lists of addresses and phone numbers, making it
ideal for the business’s holiday party invitation list or the mailing list for a
vast promotion, project, or campaign.
One may also mail, combine using Excel, which allows printing shipping
labels and other resources a lot simpler. A similar definition may also be
used to build folders, RSVP lists, and other lists that provide a lot of
knowledge about individuals.
It’s All for Entertainment

It doesn’t have to be all job and no play when it comes to Excel. One may
make a variety of other interesting items with the spreadsheet tool.

Logbooks from the Past

If one wants to keep track of the different draught drinks they have tried,
the exercises one has done, or anything else, Excel will help them keep it
organized and recorded.
Sudoku

Sudoku is a form of crossword puzzle. Do you like Sudoku puzzles? One

should make their own in Excel, as it turns out. Alternatively, if one is stuck
on an especially difficult one, they should recruit the assistance of Excel to
help them work it out.
Words Clouds

These aren’t the most scientific way to view results. They are, though, an
enjoyable (not to mention gorgeous) way to learn about the most commonly
used phrases. You guessed it—Excel can be used to create one. MS Excel is
commonly used for a variety of uses because data is easily saved, and
material can be inserted and deleted with no effort.
The below are some of the most significant advantages of using Microsoft
Excel:
Data Storage

MS Excel is commonly used to store and analyze data because there is no

limitation to the volume of data that may actually be stored in a worksheet.
Filtering data in Excel is simple and straightforward.
Easy to Restore Files: Locating data written on paper can
take longer, but that isn’t the case for Excel worksheets.
It’s simple to locate and recover files.
Use of Mathematical Calculations: Using the formulas
method in Microsoft Excel, doing calculations has been
simpler and less time-consuming.
More Security: As compared to data written in records or on
a sheet of paper. They are not protected, these spreadsheets
may be password protected on a desktop or personal device,
and the risk of missing them is much lower.
Records in 1 Place: After documentation was completed, data
is stored in various archives and registers. More than 1
worksheet may now be applied to a single MS Excel file,
making things easier.
Information Transparency is Simpler and Clearer: When
data is saved as the table, it is simpler to analyze it. As a
result, the material is more understandable in a spreadsheet.
 Conclusion
In short, with this guide, any Excel user will be able to store a large amount
of data like an expert and be able to handle the problems and solutions that
may arise along the way.
Undoubtedly, this information will surely have already solved several
doubts and will have provided enough knowledge to many professionals
and workers to give a correct operation and control of the finances of a
company, enterprise, project, or study.
Therefore, for those who did not know Excel or did not have an adequate
command of it, the comprehension of this guide will surely help them.
This software improves productivity by facilitating the processing of data
with functions such as sorting, filters, search, etc. It is currently widely used
in data reporting to provide useful information for decision-making.