Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Youngest
Block 10
V
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
C
_________
_________
L K F _________
_________
A D
R A _________
Oldest
F ErosionR
C
P FoldingS
H VolcanoV
IntrusionL
After determining the sequence of events in the ten diagrams above, answer the following
questions.
8. In Block 7, are the inclusions with x’s on them clasts, or are they xenoliths?
9. In Block 7, are the inclusions with v’s on them clasts, or are they xenoliths? Are all clasts with v’s on
them of that type, or are there other types as well?
Fault on left =
________________________________________________________________
________
Fault on right =
________________________________________________________________
_______
12. Are there two faults in Block 9, or is there only one fault?
_________________________________
13. What type of fault (or faults) is (or are) present in Block 9: normal or reverse?
14. In Block 9, what type of unconformity is found below unit L along erosion
surface R?
15. In Block 10, what type of unconformity is found below unit A along erosion
surface R?
16. What type of fold is the fold on the left in Block 10: an anticline or a syncline?
17. What type of fold is the fold on the right in Block 10: an anticline or a syncline?
a. Use a ruler to draw lines to correlate the three stratigraphic sections. Connect the contacts between the
beds. Note that some of the units differ in thickness in each section.
b. Label the left side of section A to illustrate a transgression, a regression, and the time of sea level high
stand.
c. These sediments were deposited in an ancient sea. Based on the rock types, which facies (i.e., rock type)
was deposited nearest to the mainland?
______________________
d. Which facies (i.e., rock type) was deposited farthest from the land?
______________________
e. Why is the limestone absent from section C? ______________________
f. In which direction (east or west) was the land? ____________
g. Explain your reasoning for your answer to question f.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
WEST EAST
Scale
A B C (meters)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1. List the composition of the hard parts for each group of microfossils.
Microfossil Group Composition of Hard Parts
a. Foraminifera
b. Radiolaria
c. Diatom
d. Coccolithophores
e. Dinoflagellates
f. Ostracodes
g. Conodonts
h. Spores
i. Pollen
j. Sponge spicules
a. Diatoms
b. Coccolithophores
a. Foraminifera
b. Diatom
c. Coccolithophore
d. Radiolarian
e. Halimeda
f. Sponge
g. Dinoflagellate
Microfossil Group Eukaryote Supergroup
h. Pine tree
i. Ostracode
j. Conodont
k. Charophyte
l. Coralline algae
n. Mushroom
o. Human
4. Microfossils are useful for biostratigraphy or correlating sedimentary rocks and determining their ages. In the table
below, indicate the geologic ranges of each microfossil group by placing an x in the cells corresponding to the
geologic periods in which they are found.
– O S D M P J K N Q
C
Planktonic foraminifera
Benthic foraminifera
Radiolarians
Diatoms
Coccolithophores
Dinoflagellates
Ostracodes
Conodonts
Sponge spicules
Spores
Pollen (gymnosperm)
Pollen (angiosperm)
Calcareous algae
Charophytes
Key: –C = Cambrian, O = Ordovician, S= Silurian, D = Devonian, M = Mississippian, = Pennsylvanian, P = Permian, = Triassic, J = Jurassic,
K = Cretaceous, = Paleogene, N = Neogene, Q = Quaternary.
5. As you can see from your completed table in exercise 4, some groups of organisms have long geologic ranges, and
others have much shorter geologic ranges. a. Which groups in the table above have the longest geologic ranges?
_______________________________________________________________
b. Which groups have short geologic ranges? ____________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c. Which group is extinct? ___________________________________________