9

Mathematics
Quarter I – Module 8:
Quadratic Functions

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics - Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Quadratic Functions
First Edition, 2020
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 9
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 8
Quadratic Functions

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About ................................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know .............................................................................................................................. i
How to Learn from this Module ............................................................................................................i
Icons of this Module ................................................................................................................................i

Lesson 1:
Graphs of Quadratic Functions ........................................................................................ 1
What I Need to Know..................................................................................................1
What I Know..................................................................................................................1
What’s In ........................................................................................................................2

What’s New ...................................................................................................................3

What Is It ........................................................................................................................4
What’s More ..................................................................................................................6
What Is It ........................................................................................................................7
What’s More ..................................................................................................................8
What Is It …. .................................................................................................................9
What’s More ..................................................................................................................10

What I Have Learned..................................................................................................11

What I Can Do ..............................................................................................................12

Summary............................................................................................................................................... 13
Assessment: (Post-Test) ............................................................................................................... 14
Key to Answers .................................................................................................................................. 17
References ........................................................................................................................................... 22
What This Module is About
This module focuses on the graphs of quadratic functions. You will be learning how
to draw the graph of a quadratic function and investigate the properties of the graph through
guided questions.

What I Need to Know

In this module, you are expected to:

 Determine the domain, range, intercepts, axis of symmetry, opening of the
parabola and the minimum or maximum value of a given quadratic function
 Invistage and analyze h=the effects of changes in the variables a, h, and k in
2
the graph of quadratic functions y = a(x – h) + k and
 Make generalizations; and apply the concepts learned in solving real-life
problems.

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this module

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correct (100%), you
may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity or a
situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

i
 What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice
to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it.

ii
 Lesson

1 Graphs of Quadratic Functions

What I Need to Know

As you go over the exercises, you will develop the skills in graphing quadratic
functions; determining the domain, range, intercepts, axis of symmetry, and the
opening of the parabola of a given quadratic function; make generalizations; and
apply the concepts learned in solving real-life problems.

What I Know

Wr

Answer the following items.

1. Given the quadratic functions and ,

transform them into the form

2. Complete the table of values for x and y.

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y

x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y

1
 What’s In

Going back to your answers in “What I know”:

a. Given the quadratic functions and ,

transform them into the form

Solution:

𝒚 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟐
𝒚 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝒚 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐
𝒚 𝒙 𝟏 𝟏

,
Solution:

𝒚 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏
𝒚 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒚 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟐
𝒚 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐

b. Complete the table of values for x and y.

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 17 10 5 2 1 2 5 10 17

x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y -7 -2 1 2 1 -2 -7 -14 -23

2
 What’s New

Answer the following:

1. Sketch the graph on the Cartesian plane.

2. Describe the graphs above, what do they look like?

_______________________________
__________________________________

3. Which of the 2 quadratic functions has a minimum point? Maximum point?

Turning point
Maximum or Minimum
Quadratic Function (At what point did the graph
Point
changed its direction?)

4. Observe each graph. Can you draw a line that divides the graph in such a
way that one part is a reflection of the other part? If there is any, determine
the equation of the line?

5. Take a closer look at the minimum point or the maximum point and try to
relate it to the values of h and k in the equation of the
function. Write your observations.
______________________________________________

6. Can you identify the domain and range of the functions?

Domain: __________ Range: ___________
Domain: __________ Range: ___________

3
 What Is It

The graph of a quadratic function is called a parabola. It is the set of all points on
the Cartesian Coordinate Plane that satisfies the function defined by or
2
the vertex form f(x) = a(x – h) + k where (h, k) is the vertex.

Consider the graph of

The arrowheads of 𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 imply that the
graph extends indefinitely to the left and right. This
is because the domain of f is the set of all real
numbers ( ). In fact, unless it is restricted, the
domain of a quadratic function is always the set of
all real numbers.

The range depends on whether the parabola

opens upward or downward. If it opens upward, the
range is the set 𝑦: 𝑦 ≥ 𝑘 ; if it opens downward,
then the range is the set 𝑦: 𝑦 ≤ 𝑘 .

Example 1: Graph the function and determine its domain and range.
Solution:
Step 1: Determine the vertex (-2,-1) Step 6: Plot the points in the graph as shown
below..
Step 2: Construct a table of values and place the vertex
in the center.
x -2
y -1
Step 3: Assign the values of x before and after -2.
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 (-4, 3) (0,3)
y -1
(-3, 0) (-1,0)
Step 4: Solve for y using the values of x.
If x = -4 y= (-2,-1)
y= 𝑥 y=4
y= 4 y=3
follow this procedure when the vales of x are -3, -1 and 0 Domain: ℝ (Set of all real numbers)
and complete the table of values. *Since 𝑘 , and the parabola opens upward

Step 5: Fill in the table with the computed values of y in Range: set 𝑦: 𝑦 ≥
terms of x.
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0
y 3 0 -1 0 3

4
Example 2: Consider the graph of the quadratic function g, given by .
Determine its domain and range.

Solution:

Step 1: Determine the vertex (0,1) Step 6: Plot the points in the graph as
Step 2: Construct a table of values and place the shown below.
vertex in the center.
x 0
y 1 (0,1)
Step 3: Assign the values of x before and after -2. (0,-2) (0,2)
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 1
Step 4: Solve for y using the values of x. (-2, -3) (2, -3)
If x = -2
y= 𝑥
y=
y= 4
y= 4
y= 3
follow this procedure when the vales of x are -1, 1 Domain: ℝ (Set of all real numbers)
and 2 and complete the table of values. *Since 𝑘 , and the parabola opens downward
Step 5: Fill in the table with the computed values of y Range: set 𝑦: 𝑦 ≤
in terms of x.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y -3 0 1 0 -3

Given the two examples above, I hope that you have learned some ideas on how to
graph the given function. In the next page you are going to try some exercises. I know
you can do it. Enjoy!

5
 What’s More

Graph the given quadratic functions and determine their domain and range:

1. 2.

x x
y y

Domain: __________________ Domain: __________________

Range: __________________ Range: __________________

3.
x
y

Domain: __________________
Range: __________________

6
 What is It

The x-intercept of a graph is the value of x at which the graph intersects the x-axis.
That is, if the graph passes through the point (a,0), then the graph has an x-intercept
of a. (In other words, the value/s of x when y=0).

The y-intercept of a graph is the value of y at which the graph intersects the y-axis.
Thus, if the graph passes through the point (0,b), then the graph has a y-
intercept of b. (In other words, the value of y when x=0).

Example 1: Consider the graph of the quadratic function f, given by

.
Determine its x and y-intercepts.

Since the graph intersects the x-axis at

(-3, 0) and (-1, 0), thus:

x-intercepts: -1 and -3

Since the graph intersects the y-axis at

(0, 3), thus:

y-intercept: 3

Example 2: Consider the graph of the quadratic function g, given by .

Determine its x and y-intercepts.

Since the graph intersects the x-axis at

(-1, 0) and (1, 0), thus:

x-intercepts: -1 and 1

Since the graph intersects the y-axis at

(0, 1), thus:

y-intercept: 1

7
 What’s More

Graph the given quadratic functions and determine their x and y -intercepts:

1. 3 2.

x x
y y

x-intercept/s: __________________ x-intercept/s: __________________

y-intercept: __________________ y-intercept: __________________

3.

x
y

x-intercept/s: __________________
y-intercept: __________________

8
 What is It

You have noticed that the parabola opens upward or downward. It has a turning point
called vertex which is either the lowest point or the highest point of the graph. If the value of
a > 0, the parabola opens upward and has a minimum point. If a < 0, the parabola opens
downward and has a maximum point. There is a line called the axis of symmetry which
divides the graph into two parts such that one-half of the graph is a reflection of the other
half. If the quadratic function is expressed in the form y = a(x – h)2 + k, the vertex is the point
(h, k). The line x = h is the axis of symmetry and k is the minimum or maximum value of the
function.

Example 1: Consider the graph of the quadratic function f, given by

.
Determine the direction of the opening of the parabola, its vertex and axis of symmetry and
the minimum or maximum value.

𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 𝒙 𝟐 𝟏.
a = 1, h= -2 and k = -1
Since a=1, then the parabola opens upwards.
Vertex: (-2, -1)
Axis of symmetry: x = -2
Minimum Value: -1 Vertex
Minimum
Axis of Point
symmetry
Example 2: Consider the graph of the quadratic function g, given by .
Determine the direction of the opening of the parabola, its vertex, axis of symmetry
and the minimum or maximum value.
Vertex
𝟐 Maximum
𝒈 𝒙 𝒙 𝟏.
Point
a = -1, h= 0 and k = 1
Since a= -1, then the parabola opens downwards.
Vertex: (0, 1)
Axis of symmetry: x=0
Maximum Value: 1

Axis of
symmetry

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 What’s More

Determine the direction of the opening of the parabola, the vertex, axis of symmetry and the
minimum or maximum value of the given quadratic functions:

1. 5 5. 5
Direction of the opening: Direction of the opening:
Vertex: Vertex:
Axis of symmetry: Axis of symmetry:
Minimum Value: Maximum Value:

2. 5 6. 5
Direction of the opening: Direction of the opening:
Vertex: Vertex:
Axis of symmetry Axis of symmetry:
Minimum Value: Minimum Value:

3. 5 7. 5
Direction of the opening: Direction of the opening:
Vertex: Vertex:
Axis of symmetry: Axis of symmetry:
Minimum Value: Minimum Value:

4. 5 8. 5
Direction of the opening: Direction of the opening:
Vertex: Vertex:
Axis of symmetry: Axis of symmetry:
Maximum Value: Maximum Value:

10
 What I Have Learned

Graph the given quadratic functions. Determine the domain, range, x and y-intercepts, its
vertex, axis of symmetry and minimum and maximum value.

1.
Domain: _____________
Range: _____________
x-intercept: _____________
y-intercept _____________
Vertex: _____________
Axis of Symmetry:__________
Minimum Value: ___________

2. 4
Domain: _____________
Range: _____________
x-intercept: _____________
y-intercept _____________
Vertex: _____________
Axis of Symmetry:__________
Maximum Value: __________

3.
Domain: _____________
Range: _____________
x-intercept: _____________
y-intercept _____________
Vertex: _____________
Axis of Symmetry:__________
Minimum Value: ___________

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4.
Domain: _____________
Range: _____________
x-intercept: _____________
y-intercept _____________
Vertex: _____________
Axis of Symmetry:__________
Maximum Value: ___________

5. 3
Domain: _____________
Range: _____________
x-intercept: _____________
y-intercept _____________
Vertex: _____________
Axis of Symmetry:__________
Minimum Value: ___________

What I Can Do

Make a simple presentation of world famous parabolic arches.

Task:
1. Surf the internet for world famous parabolic arches. As you search, keep a
record of where you go, and what you find on the site.
2. Organize the data you collected, including the name of the architect and the
purpose of creating the design.
3. Once you completed the data make a presentation in a creative manner. You
can use any of the following but not limited to:
a. Multimedia presentation
b. Webpages
c. Poster

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In Summary

The graph of the quadratic function is called parabola. The

parabola opens upward when a is positive otherwise it opens downward.

The vertex is the highest or lowest point of the parabola. The axis of symmetry is
an imaginary line passing through the vertex, which divides the parabola into two identical
parts.

The x-intercept of a graph is the value of x at which the graph intersects the x-axis.
That is, if the graph passes through the point (a,0), then the graph has an x-intercept of a.
(In other words, the value/s of x when y=0).

The y-intercept of a graph is the value of y at which the graph intersects the y-axis.
Thus, if the graph passes through the point (0,b), then the graph has a y-intercept of b. (In
other words, the value of y when x=0).

If the graph passes through the origin, we can see that the graph has an x-intercept
of 0 and a y-intercept of 0.

The domain of a quadratic function is the set of all real numbers. The range
depends on whether the parabola opens upward or downward. If it opens upward, the range
is the set {y : y ≥ k}; if it opens downward, then the range is the set {y : y ≤ k}.

The minimum value is the y coordinate of the vertex of the parabola when it opens
upward or when a > 0.

The maximum value is the y coordinate of the vertex of the parabola when it
opens downward or when a < 0.

13
 Assessment

Find out how much you have learned in this module. Write the letter that you think is the best
answer to each question on a sheet of paper. Answer all items.

1. What is the graph of the quadratic function called?

a. Parabola c. Axis of Symmetry
b. Cartesian Plane d. Domain

2. What is the vertex of this quadratic function: 3 5?

a. (-2, 3) b. (3, -5) c. (-3, -5) d. (-2, -5)

3. What is the axis of symmetry of this quadratic function : 3 5?

a. X = -5 b. x = -3 c. x = -2 d. x = 3
4. What do you call the value of x at which the parabola intersects the x-axis?
a. x – axis c. y – intercept
b. y – axis d. x – intercept
5. What is the domain of this quadratic function: 3 5?
a. The set of all Natural Numbers c. The set of all Whole Numbers
b. The set of all integers d. The set of all Real Numbers
6. What do you call the maximum or the minimum point of the parabola?
a. Domain c. Vertex
b. Range d. Intercept

7. Which direction does the parabola open in 3 5?

a. Downward c. Left
b. Upward d. Right

For numbers 8 – 14, refer to the graph given below.

14
8. What is the vertex of the parabola?
a. (-1, b. (1, - c. (2, - d. (-2,
2) 2) 1) 1)

9. What are the x-intercepts of the graph?

a. 0 and 1 c. 3 and 2
b. 3 and 0 d. 1 and 3

10. What is the range of the given graph?

a. : ≤ c. : ≤
b. : ≥ d. : ≥

11. What is the axis of symmetry of the given graph?

a. x = -2 b. x = -1 c. x = 1 d. x = 2

12. What is the y-intercept of the parabola?

a. -1 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

13. What is the domain of the given graph?

a. Set of all Real nos. c. Set of all Irrational nos.
b. Set of all Rational nos. d. Set of all integers

14. What is the equation of the parabola?

a. c.
b. d.

15. What is the range of this quadratic function: 3 5?

a. : ≤ c. : ≤ 3
b. : ≤ 5 d. : ≤3

16. What do you call the imaginary line which divides the graph into two parts
such that one-half of the graph is a reflection of the other half?
a. x – axis c. Axis of symmetry
b. y – axis d. Cartesian Plane

17. What is the vertex of this quadratic function: ?

a. (1, 1) c. (-1, -1)
b. (0, 0) d. (1, 0)

18. What is the range of ?

a. : ≤ c. : ≥
b. : ≤ d. : ≥

15
19. What is the Axis of symmetry of ?
a. x = -1 b. x = 0 c. x = 1 d. x = 2

20. Which direction does the parabola open in ?

a. Upward
b. Downward
c. Left
d. Right

16
Answer Key

17
2

18
 3

19
4

20
5

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 References

Janice F. Antonio et. al., Mathe Connections in the Digital Age Grade 9, Sibs
Publishing house, Inc., Quezon City, 2015.

Merden L. Bryant et al. Mathematics 9 Learner’s Manual, Department of Education-

Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS), Pasig City, Philippines.

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition/cmo
s_formatting_and_style_guide/chicago_manual_of_style_17th_edition.html

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