Jethro M.

Porin
ENGINEERING DATA ANALYSIS (PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS) Math 212 (8-9:30am TTh)

Define the following terms;

a. Statistics - Statistics
is the science concerned with developing and
studying methods for collecting, analyzing, interpreting and
presenting empirical data. 

b. Descriptive statistics - Refers

to that field of statistics that includes
the methods of collecting, classifying, graphing, and averaging data
with the objective of simply describing the properties or
characteristics of the data on hand.

c. Inferential statistics - Demands a somewhat higher degree of critical

judgment and advanced mathematical models. This field is concerned
with drawing conclusions or generalizations from organized data.

d. Universe - Group under consideration (where raw data will come

from).

e. Variable - Characteristic under consideration.  an attribute of an

object of study.

f. Population -Refers to the totality of all objects under study. Such

objects have common attributes which are grouped with the objective of
determining certain trends that might be useful to the researcher. A
set containing all the possible outcome/answer of the variable.

g. Sample - refers to a smaller, manageable version of a larger

group. It is a subset containing the characteristics of a larger
population.

Problem solving:
1. Find the sample size if the population size is 500 at 95 % accuracy.
n = 500, e = 5%

N 500
n= 2
n= 2 = 222.22
1+ N e 1+500( 0.05)

2. Find the sample size if the population size is 1,300 at 98 % accuracy.

n = 1,300, e = 2%

N 1300
n= n= = 855.26 or 855.3
1+ N e 2
1+1300(0.0 2)2
3. A researcher is conducting investigation regarding the factors affecting the efficiency of the 210
faculty members of a certain University. If he wanted to have a margin of error of 4%. then how many of
the faculty members should be taken as respondent.
n = 210, e = 4%

N 210
n= 2
n= 2 = 157.18 or 157.2
1+ N e 1+210 (0.0 4)

4. Consider the following measurements: X1=13; X2= 17; X3= 10; X4= 11; X5= 16 Y1= 14; Y2= 16;
Y3= 13; Y4= 9; Y5= 18 Determine the value of the following expression
(a) Summation of the fifth X1 and
5

∑ x 1 = x +x +x +x +x
1 2 3 4 5
i=1

∑ x 1 = 13+17+10+11+16 = 67
i=1

(b) the summation of the 4th (X1+Y1)

4

∑ ¿¿ = (13+14) +(17+16) +(10+13) +(11+9)

i=1

= (30+30) + (21+22) = 103