TENSES OF

VERB
 PRESENT PAST FUTURE

SIMPLE S+V1+O S+V2+O S+(will)+V1+O

S+(am/is/are)+Vi S+(was/were) S+(will

CONTINUOUS
ng+O +Ving+O be)+Ving+O

S+(have/has)+V3 S+(will
PERFECT S+(had)+V3+O
+O have)+V3+O

PERFECT S+(has/ have S+ (had been)+ S+(will have

CONTINUOUS been)+Ving+O Ving+O been)+Ving+O
 PRESENT PAST FUTURE
Habits and routines Completed action in the An action which will
SIMPLE Facts past. happen in future.

An action happening Unfinished, ongoing Ongoing actions in the

now. action in the past + future.
CONTINUOUS Temporary activities. finished action.
Changes taking place
now
Action that began in the Show which past action Completed actions in
past and true in the occurs first. the future.
PERFECT
present.

Action that started in the The first (continuous) Ongoing action in the
past and are still past action. future (with duration)
PERFECT continuing.
CONTINUOUS
 PRESENT PAST FUTURE
S+V1+O S+V2+O S+(will)+V1+O
SIMPLE I play basketball every I played basketball I will play basketball
day. yesterday. tomorrow.
S+(am/is/are)+V S+(was/were) S+(will
ing+O +Ving+O be)+Ving+O
CONTINUOUS I am playing football I was playing football I will be playing football
right now. when you arrived. when you arrive.
S+(have/has)+V3 S+(had)+V3+O S+(will
+O have)+V3+O
PERFECT I have played football a I had played football I will have played
lot this week. before you came. football by the time you
have arrived.
S+(has/have S+ (had been)+ S+(will have
been)+Ving+O Ving+O been)+Ving+O
I have been playing I had been playing When I turn thirty, I will
PERFECT football since 5 years football for 1 hour before have been playing
CONTINUOUS ago. you arrived. football for 20 years.
VOICES OF
VERB
 ACTIVE VOICE
✓ Active voice means that a sentence has a subject that acts
upon its verb.
✓ When the subject of a sentence performs the verb’s action

Ana painted the house.

The cashier counted the money.
 PASSIVE VOICE
➢Passive voice means that a subject is a recipient of a verb’s action.
➢The subject is acted on by the verb.

The house was painted by ana.

The money was counted by the cashier.
 Converting Active to Passive
Five steps in converting active voice to passive voice
1. Identify the subject, object and the main verb.
2. Swap the subject and object.
3. Convert the verb to past participle (V3).
4. Add helping before the main verb depending on the tense.
5. Add preposition by before the subject.
Object + Helping Verb + V3+ by+ Subject
 TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE

Simple present V1 Is/are + V3

Simple past V2 Was/ were+ V3

Simple future Will + V1 Will be+ V3

Present continuous Is/am/are + Ving Is/ am/are being + V3

Past continuous Was/were + Ving Was/were being + V3

Future continuous Will be + Ving Not applicable

Present perfect Has/Have + V3 Has/Have been+V3

Past perfect Had+ V3 Had been + V3
Future perfect Will have + V3 Will have been+ V3
Present perfect continuous Has/ have been + Ving Not applicable
Past perfect continuous Had been+ Ving Not applicable
Future perfect continuous Will have been+ Ving Not applicable
 Present simple
Is/are + V3

They grow plants. Plants are grown by them.

He sings a song. A song is sung by him.
I write a letter. A letter is written by me.
He does not drink coffee. Coffee is not drunk by him.
 Past simple
Was/ were+ V3
I wrote a letter. A letter was written by me.
They built a house. A house was built by them.
I ate burgers. Burgers were eaten by me.
She took the pen. The pen was taken by her.
 Simple future
Will be+ V3

I will write a letter. A letter will be written by me.

She will sing a song. A song will be sung by her.
They will watch a movie. A movie will be watched by
them.
 Present continuous
Is/ am/are being + V3
I am writing a letter. A letter is being written by me.
They are buying two cars. Two cars are being bought by them.
He is riding a horse. A horse is being ridden by him.
He is starting the car. The car is being started by him.
 Past continuous
Was/were being + V3
I was eating a burger. A burger was being eaten by me.
He was writing a letter. A letter was being written by him.
I was playing a guitar. A guitar was being played by me.
They were climbing mountains. Mountains were being climbed by
them.
 Present perfect
Has/Have been+V3
He has written a letter. A letter has been written by him.
He has read two books. Two books have been read by him.
They have bought two cars. Two cars have been bought by them.
We have studied the subject. The subject has been studied by us.
 Past perfect
Had been + V3
I had written a letter. A letter had been written by me.
They had visited the church. The church had been visited by them.
He had valued the book. The book had been valued by him.
 Future perfect
Will have been+ V3
She will have written a A letter will have been written by
letter. her.

She will have called her Her mother will have been called
mother. by her.

C.N.