Present Perfect/Present Perfect Continuous

(past with present)

Past Perfect/Past Perfect Continuous

(past with time before that)

Future Perfect/Future Perfect Continuous

(future moment and the time before that)

Present Perfect
● I’ve seen my friend recently

(Was it in the past? Do you know exact time?)

● We’ve completed the research.

● I’ve never been to Australia.
● I’ve known him for 10 years since we entered the
university
Present Perfect Continuous

● I’ve been studying English since I was 5.

( Do you know when it started? Are you still studying

English?)

● How long have you been living here?

Past Perfect
● I had arrived before the show started.

(Which action happened earlier in the past?

What grammar tense do we use for the later action?)

BUT

● I got up and made a cup of coffee.

Past Perfect Continuous
● When it was 3:00 p.m I had been waiting for Bob for
two hours.

● They had been having a party for 3 hours when their

mother came.
(Was their mother with them when the party started?
How long were they having a party?)
Future Perfect

● I’ll have finished the meeting by 11:30am.

Imagine it’s 11:30 am. Is the meeting over?

Do you know the exact time when the meeting ended?

● They’ll have done the test by the time their teacher

comes back.
Future Perfect Continuous
● She’ll have been studying here for 2 years by the end
of August.

Is she studying here now?

Is she going to quit studying here?
 Perfect infinitive /gerund
● He claimed to have been robbed.
He said that someone had robbed him before

● I was accused of having kidnapped the cat.

I was accused that I had kidnapped the cat.

It’s used to state that the action of the infinitive happened

before the action of the main verb He seems to have left.
(he left before )
 Perfect infinitive

to emphasize the result before some moment in the future

with the verbs like hope, expect, would like etc
I hope to have earned my first million by the time I’m 30
=
I hope I’ll have earned my first million by the time I’m
30.
Check the form
 Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
+ Sub. + have/has + + Sub. + had + V3 + Sub. + will have +
V3 V3

- Sub. + -Sub + hadn’t + V3 - Sub + won’t have +

haven’t/hasn’t + V3 V3

? Have/has + sub +
V3? ? Had + sub + V3? ? Will + sub + have +
V3?
 Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
Continuous Continuous Continuous
+ Sub. + have/has + + Sub. + had been + + Sub. + will have
been + Ving Ving been + Ving

-Sub. + -Sub. + hadn’t been -Sub. + won’t have

haven’t/hasn’t + + Ving been + Ving
been + Ving
? Will + sub + have
? Have/has + sub + ? Had + sub+ been + been + Ving?
been + Ving? Ving?