Salt Hydrolysis

Juwita Marine Egya

1
Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Medan, JL. Willem
Iskandar, Medan, 20221, Indonesia
2,3
Jurusan Kimia, Universitas Negeri Padang, JL. Prof. Hamka, Air Tawar, Padang, 25131, Indonesia
4
Pendidikan Kimia, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Sleman,, Special Region of Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
5
Pendidikan Kimia, FKIP, Universitas Bengkulu, Jl. WR. Supratman, Kandang Limun, Bengkulu 38371,
Indonesia

Email: juwitamarineegyat@gmail.com

Abstact
This study is a salt hydrolysis study by utilizing dragon fruit extract. This study aims to find out the level of
solubility of salts formed from acids and bases by using natural indicators. The study samples were vinegar, salt,
and baking soda. This research uses experimental methods where to collect data is done documentation and
observation of samples. The results showed that there were differences in each sample. In the salt solution does
not change after being added with dragon fruit extract, in the solution of baking soda the color becomes more
concentrated, while in the vinegar solution the resulting color is slightly darker when compared to the color of
dragon fruit extract. This indicates that the saline solution (NaCl) is neutral, in vinegar indicates that the vinegar
solution (CH3COOH) is acidic, while in baking soda solution indicates that the solution is alkaline.

Keywords : Salt Hydrolysis, Dragon Extract, Solution

1. INTRODUCTION
Salt hydrolysis is one of the chemicals associated with aqueous reactions in solution. Hydrolysis is
a reaction of salt decomposition by water or a reaction between a cations and/or salt anions with
water. Salt is an electrolyte compound resulting from a neutralization reaction between acids and
bases (Permana, 2009: 132-133). Hydrolysis was first mentioned in an article by Armstrong and
Miller (1884) devoted to sulfonic acid. Hydrolysis can be defined as solvolysis by water, where
solvolysis is a reaction with a solvent or with lyonium or lyate ions involving the rupture of one or
more bonds in the reacting solute (McNaught &Wilkinson, 1997). Hydrolysis is more common than
other types of solvolysis because of the reactions that often occur in aqueous solutions and because it
is an amphiprotic compound (Reichardt &Welton, 2010), water can easily become a brønsted acid or
brønsted basis. Organic and inorganic compounds can be hydrolyzed. [2]
It is explained by Orwat, et al. (2017), that there are many previous concepts, such as acid-bases
including buffer solutions, which are abstract and interconnected with the concept of salt hydrolysis.
The concept of acid bases and buffer solutions is the basis for studying the concepts of salt hydrolysis.
[3] The guidelines for laboratory activities are based on the textbooks used and are still in the form of
sheet forming. Often this is challenging because the tools and materials used in the lab are not
available. It is difficult for teachers to practice following existing guidelines. [4] The subject of salt
hydrolysis is the saline solution in water and the pH calculation of aqueous saline solution compound.
Salt hydrolysis is an important topic in acid-base reactions and is considered difficult by students. [7]
Practicums also have some disadvantages, including requiring a long time, required large quantities of
practicum equipment and expensive chemicals. In addition, practicum also requires preparation, such
as learning the purpose and practicum procedures and the need for students' skills in using tools /
materials in experiments.
 Salt hydrolysis is a process of reducing salt in water that will form positive ions and negative ions.
Mixing acidic and alkaline solutions will produce salt and water, but nevertheless salts can be vasic,
acidic, or neutral. Then what is the relationship between acids and salt-forming bases with the
properties of salt solutions in water? So the nature of the saline solution in water is determined from
the acid and its base of formation. If a solution is formed from a weak acid and a strong base then the
nature of the salt solution will be alkaline, if it is formed from strong acids and weak bases it is acidic,
and if it is formed from weak acids and weak bases it will depend on ka and kb.

If Ka = Kb; It's neutral.

If Ka > Kb; then it is acidic, meaning pH < 7

If Ka < Kb; then it is alkaline, meaning pH > 7

In theory if a solution is alkaline salt then after being given the color indicator will become
concentrated, while if a solution is acidic salt of course after being given the color indicator will be
slightly darker. But if a solution is neutral then after being given an indicator then there will be no
discoloration. In conducting salt hydrolysis experiments can be used natural indicators. Seeing today
the use of natural indicators is growing. That makes researchers interested in doing this experiment
using natural indicators, especially because it is environmentally friendly, easy to obtain, and also
affordable. So. The key is that salt hydrolysis will occur when one or both of the constituent
components of the salt are weak acids or weak bases.

2. RESEARCH METHODS

The research was conducted at the researcher's residence, Jl. Nusantara Perumnas Km.23,
Kab.Bintan, Riau Regency, on Tuesday, November 09, 2021.
2.1 Materials and Tools

The ingredients used include dragon fruit extract, salt, baking soda, vinegar, and water. While the
tools used are filters, containers (fruit extract), 3 aqua cups, stirrers, tablespoons. As found in Figure
1. and 2.
 (c) (d)

(e)

Figure 1. Research Ingredients : (a) dragon fruit extract, (b) baking soda,(c)
salt, (d) vinegar, (e) water

(a) (b)

(c)

Figure 2. Research Tools : (a) aqua cup, (b) sitirrer, (c) tablespoon
2.2 Research Procedure

Dragon fruit is peeled first, then taken the flesh of the fruit and then pureed using a sieve and also
a tablespoon and used as an extract. Provide 3 empty aqua cups and name each cup to make it more
regular. Then put salt and baking soda in the container of 1 tablespoon each. Then add water to the
container of salt and baking soda, each as much as 4 tablespoons. After that put the vinegar in the
container that has been provided as much as 4 tablespoons.

Then put the dragon fruit extract into each container as much as 4 (four) tablespoons. Then stir until
flat and observe the discoloration that occurs in all three samples.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The results of observations of the color change of the sample solution mixed with natural
ingredient indicators, namely dragon fruit extract can be seen in table 1.
Table 1. Indicators against color changes

N Treatment Observation
o
1. Salt water + dragon fruit extract The solution doesn’t change color
2. Baking soda + dragon fruit extract More concentrated colored solution
3. Vinegar water + dragon fruit Slightly darker colored solution
extract

In table 1. It can be seen that in treatment 1(one) does not change color, in treatment 2(two) there
is a change in color that is the color becomes more concentrated, while in treatment 3 (three) there is
also a change in color that the solution becomes slightly darker compared to the color of dragon fruit
extract. Figure 3. Show discoloration in the sample after mixing with dragon fruit extract .
 In experiments conducted in testing the hydrolysis of a solution the first solution is salt water,
where the salt water is initially clear, but when given by dragon fruit extract the color turns red the
same as the color in dragon fruit extract, from the discoloration that occurs in the salt solution shows
that the salt solution is neutral, it is supported also that in the resulting color salt solution the color is
the same as the color on the indicator.

Table 2. Sample Properties According to Color Changes

N Sample The Resulting Color Characteristic

o
1. Salt water + dragon fruit extract Red (fixed) Neutral
2. Baking soda + dragon fruit extract Purple (more concentrated) Base
3. Vinegar water + dragon fruit extract Red a little dark Acid

The second experiment was baking soda water, where after adding the color to purple or more
concentrated, this showed that soda water is alkaline. Then the third experiment was vinegar water,
where after being added with dragon fruit extract, the color turned a little darker red. This indicates
that vinegar water is acidic.

4. CONCLUSION

In the saline solution (NaCl) after mixing with the indicator that is dragon fruit extract,
there will be no discoloration, this indicates that NaCl is neutral, meaning that the reaction
does not occur hydrolysis. Na+ Ca- ions cannot be hydrolyzed in water because they are more
likely to be ionized. In CH3COOH solution after mixing by the indicator that occurs is the
color turns a little darker, this indicates that the CH3COOH solution is acidic and can be
totally hydrolyzed. While in the solution of baking soda after being mixed by the color
indicator becomes darker or concentrated, this indicates that the baking soda solution is
alkaline i.e. partially hydrolyzed.
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