The emergence of COVID-19 has put enormous pressures on health-care systems across the globe,

which have been found to be mostly unprepared as a result. Because they served as a connection
between organizational instructions and clinical practice in this circumstance, middle management
nurses had a key role in the outcome of this case. The sudden challenges posed by the pandemic
required middle managers to shift their focus from advanced planning to negotiation for
meeting the rapidly evolving needs of nursing staff and top management, in order to guarantee
the nursing team's well-being and organizational efficiency.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33853201/

Bianchi, M., Prandi, C., & Bonetti, L. (2021). Experience of middle management nurses during the
COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland: A qualitative study. Journal of nursing management, 29(7),
1956–1964. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13339