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    Adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause a variety of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary infections in humans. There are seven subgroups and 52 serotypes of adenovirus that directly invade epithelial cells. Common clinical syndromes include upper respiratory disease, pharyngoconjunctival fever, pneumonia, and gastroenteritis. Adenoviruses are transmitted through aerosol droplets, the fecal-oral route, and from infected cervical secretions in neonates. Diagnosis involves viral culture, enzyme immunoassays, and polymerase chain reaction tests of samples like nasopharyngeal swabs. Treatment focuses on supportive care, though antivirals and immunoglobulins may be

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    Adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause a variety of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary infections in humans. There are seven subgroups and 52 serotypes of adenovirus that directly invade epithelial cells. Common clinical syndromes include upper respiratory disease, pharyngoconjunctival fever, pneumonia, and gastroenteritis. Adenoviruses are transmitted through aerosol droplets, the fecal-oral route, and from infected cervical secretions in neonates. Diagnosis involves viral culture, enzyme immunoassays, and polymerase chain reaction tests of samples like nasopharyngeal swabs. Treatment focuses on supportive care, though antivirals and immunoglobulins may be

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    3 views2 pages

    Arenaviridae

    Uploaded by

    Woo Rin Park
    Adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause a variety of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary infections in humans. There are seven subgroups and 52 serotypes of adenovirus that directly invade epithelial cells. Common clinical syndromes include upper respiratory disease, pharyngoconjunctival fever, pneumonia, and gastroenteritis. Adenoviruses are transmitted through aerosol droplets, the fecal-oral route, and from infected cervical secretions in neonates. Diagnosis involves viral culture, enzyme immunoassays, and polymerase chain reaction tests of samples like nasopharyngeal swabs. Treatment focuses on supportive care, though antivirals and immunoglobulins may be

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    NOTES

    NOTES
    ADENOVIRIDAE

    ADENOVIRUS
    osms.it/adenovirus
    ▪ Fomite contact
    PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▫ Survives on environmental surfaces
    for long periods; inactivated by heat,
    ▪ Seven subgroups, 52 serotypes formaldehyde, bleach
    ▪ Directly invades human epithelial cells
    (several organs) → multiple cytopathic
    effects, usually within 2–7 days post- RISK FACTORS
    infection ▪ Close living space (e.g. military barracks,
    ▪ Responsible for variety of upper, lower daycare centers)
    respiratory tract; gastrointestinal; ▪ Summer camps (especially with swimming
    genitourinary infections pools/lakes)
    ▪ Common clinical syndromes ▪ Healthcare facilities
    ▫ Upper respiratory disease, ▪ Immunocompromised status (especially
    pharyngoconjunctival fever, coryza, cell-mediated immunity deficiency)
    pneumonia, gastroenteritis, hepatitis,
    hemorrhagic cystitis, interstitial COMPLICATIONS
    nephritis, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
    ▪ Secondary bacterial infection;
    Genetic material meningoencephalitis; myocarditis;
    ▪ Double-stranded DNA virus disseminated intravascular
    coagulation; myositis, rhabdomyolysis;
    Taxonomy hypogammaglobulinemia
    ▪ Adenoviridae family ▪ Disseminated adenovirus infection
    ▫ Affects multiple organs,
    Morphology immunocompromised individuals
    ▪ Non-enveloped icosahedral nucleocapsid especially; high mortality rate
    ▪ Unique
    ▫ Fiber-like projections (hemagglutinins)
    protrude from capsid’s 12 vertices SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
    Transmission ▪ Varies with clinical syndrome
    ▪ Aerosol droplets ▪ Upper respiratory
    ▪ Fecal-oral route ▫ Sore throat, nasal congestion,
    ▪ Neonates rhinorrhea, dry cough, hoarseness,
    ▫ Infected cervical secretion exposure inflamed tonsils, cervical
    ▪ Solid organ transplant lymphadenopathy; wheezes/rhonchi on
    auscultation

    308 OSMOSIS.ORG
    Chapter 54 Adenoviridae

    ▪ Ocular Serology
    ▫ Conjunctivitis, preauricular, ▪ Antigen/complement fixation assays
    lymphadenopathy ▪ Hemagglutination inhibition/neutralizing
    ▪ Gastrointestinal antibodies
    ▫ Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea ▪ Restriction endonuclease (RE) analysis
    ▪ Systemic
    Tissue biopsy
    ▫ Fever, malaise, headache, myalgia
    ▪ Eosinophilic inclusions (early stage)
    ▪ Basophilic inclusion surrounded by clear
    DIAGNOSIS intranuclear inclusion

    Electron microscopy
    ▪ History, physical examination
    ▪ Icosahedral virions forming intranuclear
    ▫ Characteristic findings
    paracrystalline aggregates
    ▫ Diagnostic test choice based on clinical
    presentation
    TREATMENT
    DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
    ▪ Usually self-limiting disease
    Chest X-ray
    ▪ May show diffuse bilateral pulmonary
    MEDICATIONS
    mononuclear cell infiltration, hyaline
    membranes, necrosis Pharmacotherapy
    ▪ Immunocompromised/severe infection
    LAB RESULTS individuals
    ▫ Antivirals, immunoglobulin (IVIG)
    Microbe identification
    ▪ Viral culture (e.g. nasopharyngeal swabs, Prevention
    blood, urine, sputum) ▪ Infection control measures
    ▪ Viral assay (e.g. adenovirus-specific ▪ Live oral enteric-coated vaccine used for
    enzyme immunoassay (EIA)/ military recruits only
    immunofluorescence assay)
    ▪ Nucleotide amplification test (NAT)
    ▪ Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

    OSMOSIS.ORG 309

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