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Generic PQ Diagram: 1.plotting Machine Power
Generic PQ Diagram: 1.plotting Machine Power
A completed PQ2 diagram is shown bellow. Noticed that the gole is to predict where a
given die will operate when mounted on a machine with known performance. Also shown
is an operating window that developed to match the needs of the casting quality
requirements. The object is to make a design that will have the die and the machine
operate within the range of the developed operating window.
Pm
Tailrod
ph
Plunger
Hydraulic cylinder piston
Pm
kg/cm2
3
Q (cm
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The other end of the machine line is defined as the maximum machine performance.
It is calculated by multiplying the maximum dry shot speed(at the hydraulic ‘shot’
pressure used above) time the area of the plunger.
Where.
Qmax = maximum fill rate in cm3/sec
vp = max. Dry shot speed in cm/sec
п = 3.142-constant
Dry shot speed-if there is no molten metal available in shot sleeve, there is no
resistance to the motion of the shot cylinder piston other than the resistance of
machine elements, in that apt the plunger velocity will be maximum and this velocity
is called as dry shot speed.
Pm
kg/cm2
Q (cm3/sec)
Pm
kg/cm2
Q (cm3/sec)
Smaller plunger
Larger plunger
Pm
kg/cm2
Smaller plunger Larger plunger
Q (cm3/sec)
Where:
Where :
Once the volume, and filling time is known the filling rate Q can be calculated by
Where :
Theoretical fill rate is plotted as a vertical line on the PQ2 diagram as shown bellow
Pm
kg/cm2
Q (cm3/sec)
Bernoulli’s Equations
Gate velocity is the speed at which molten metal moves through an orifice or gate.
The load on the die casting machine’s injection system comes from the force
required to push the molten metal through the die orifice or gate and can be
represented as the discharge pressure that is developed when the metal is forced
through the gate at the desire gate velocity.
Vg = Q/ Ag …………………………….. Eq. 7
m/sec
Q (cm3/sec)
Pm
kg/cm2
3
Q (cm /sec) Casting Excellence
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Prepared by
Maheshwar N Morab