LECTURE - 14

Design and Detailing of RC Frames Design & Detailing of

Provisions in IS 13920 RC Beams: IS 13920
Part – 2: Beams

Dr. Trishna Choudhury

Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Department, TIET

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Seismic behaviour of RC Beams Seismic behaviour of RC Beams…

• Cyclic shaking • Basic Possible Failure Modes of RC Beams

of RC frame

Ground Ground
shaking to shaking to Rocker
the right the left Bottom face stretches and cracks
Crack pattern Support
changes with reverse Flexure Failure
vibration of the
building due to cracks cracks
~45
cyclic earthquake
motion cracks cracks
Big Big
crack crack
Inclined
crack Roller
Source @EQ tips Big Big Shear Failure Support
crack crack

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 Seismic behaviour of RC Beams… Seismic behaviour of RC Beams…

• This tension which is

caused in the tensile
zone of the beam due to
shear failure, at or near
the supports is called as
diagonal tension.
• Cannot be resisted by
concrete alone.
• So shear reinforcement
is provided in the R.C.C.
beams to take up
diagonal tension and
prevent cracking of
beam.

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Seismic behaviour of RC Beams… Seismic behaviour of RC Beams…

• Failure Modes in RC Frames • Earthquake Damage in Beams

Beam
Vertical cracks

Flexure Failure
Column Column Vertical cracks
Bottom face stretches in tension
and vertical cracks develop
Flexure Failure Column
Inclined crack
X-crack

Shear Failure

Beam 45 X-crack

Shear Failure Source @EQ tips

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 Seismic Design of Beams Seismic Design of RC Beams…

• Basic Types of Reinforcement Bars • Longitudinal Steel

– Mandatory locations
Vertical Stirrup Beam
Smaller diameter steel bars that Vertical cracks
are made into closed loops and
are placed at regular intervals
along the full length of the beam
Vertical cracks

Longitudinal Bar
Larger diameter steel bars that go
through the full length of the beam
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Seismic Design of RC Beams… Seismic Design of RC Beams…

• Longitudinal Steel • Transverse Steel

– Design reinforcement – Design reinforcement

Spacing of stirrups as calculated Spacing of stirrups as calculated

Total amount of steel from At least 2 bars
Bottom steel (but not more than d/4 and 8 (but not more than d/4 and 8
should go full
at least half of calculation times beam bar diameter) times beam bar diameter)
length of beam
that at top
Spacing of stirrups
as per calculations
2d (but not more than d/2) 2d

Extra bars Extra bars Extra bars

2d Beam 2d

Lengths of extra bars as Column Column

per calculation
Source @EQ tips Source @EQ tips

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 Seismic Design of RC Beams… IS:13920-2016
• Anchoring longitudinal beam bars into column • Beams resisting earthquake induced effect:
– The factored axial compressive stress ≤ 0.08 fck (earlier it
Seismic Beams
was 0.1 fck )
– width /depth > 0.3
~50db
– width ≥ 200 mm
– depth not more than 1/4 of clear span
Source @EQ tips

Spacing of stirrups • The width of beam bw shall not exceed the width of
as calculated
(but less than 150mm) supporting member c2 plus distance on either side of
supporting member equal to smaller of: 2016
– width of supporting member, c2
– 0.75 times breadth of supporting member, c1
Lapping prohibited in regions
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where longitudinal bars can yield 13 Dr Trishna Choudhury 14
in tension

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IS:13920-2016… IS:13920-2016…

• The width of beam bw shall not exceed the width of • Transverse reinforcement for width of beam that exceeds the
supporting member c2 plus distance on either side of width of column
supporting member equal to smaller of: 2016
– width of supporting member, c2
– 0.75 times breadth of supporting member, c1

bw ≤ c2 + 2(c2) bw ≤ c2 + c2 (whichever is
bw ≤ c2 + 2(0.75 c1) bw ≤ c2 + 0.75 c1 smaller)

Interior joint Exterior joint

Plan view of a beam column joint showing Maximum effective width of wide beam
effective breadth and width of joint and required transverse reinforcement

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 IS:13920-2016… IS:13920-2016…

• Longitudinal reinforcement • Longitudinal reinforcement

– The beam shall have at least two 12 mm diameter bars each at – Max. reinforcement ratio on any face 2.5%
the top and bottom face • To avoid congestion of reinforcement
(the size of the bar was not mentioned in the previous version)
– At a joint face, positive reinforcement of at least 50% of
– Minimum reinforcement ratio on any face negative reinforcement
• Two reasons
f ck – Seismic moment are reversible
min  0.24
fy – Ensures adequate compression reinforcement for ductility
Criterion for Determining Minimum Tension Reinforcement – Steel at top and bottom face should be at least 25% of max.
– As in IS:456–2000 and Reference negative moment steel
• Medhekar, M.S. and Jain, S.K., • When the top longitudinal steel in the beam at the two
Proposed Minimum Reinforcement Requirements for supporting column face is different, larger should be
Flexural Members considered (not mentioned in previous version)

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IS:13920-2016… IS:13920-2016…

• Anchorage length • Splicing of longitudinal bars

– Major recommendation similar to pervious code

IS:13920-1993 IS:13920-2016
Spacing of stirrups
not more than 150mm
Beam

Lapping prohibited in regions

where longitudinal bars can
Column Column
yield in tension

Joint Detail
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 IS:13920-2016… IS:13920-2016…

• Longitudinal bar splices: • Splicing of longitudinal bars…

– Hoops required over entire splice length – Mechanical couplers (as per IS 16172) shall be used when
@ not more than 150 mm c/c longitudinal steel bars have to be continued for beam spans
– Lap length  development length in tension larger than the manufactured length.
– Lap splice not to be provided • Permitted within a distance equal to two times the depth of
the member from the member face or in any location where
• Within a joint yielding of reinforcement is expected.
• Within a distance of 2d from joint face • The spacing between adjacent bars shall be based also on the
• Within a quarter length of member where yielding may occur outer size of the coupler to allow easy flow of concrete.
due to seismic forces
– Lap splices are not reliable under cyclic inelastic deformations
In a similar way as provided for COLUMNS

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IS:13920-2016… IS:13920-2016…

• Splicing of longitudinal bars… • Transverse reinforcement

– Welded splices shall not be used for a distance equal to two
times the depth of the member from the member face or in any
location where yielding of reinforcement is expected.
• At any location not more than 50% of area of steel bars shall
be spliced at any one section.
• Welding of links, ties, inserts to vertical reinforcement bar
are not permitted in any seismic zone.
In a similar way as provided for COLUMNS
– An extension of 135° hook is 8 times the diameter of bar
but not less than 75 mm
(earlier it was 10d (≥ 75 mm)
– The minimum diameter of a link shall be 8 mm
(earlier it was 6 mm)
– The contribution of bent up bars, inclined links and
concrete in the RC section to calculate the shear force
capacity of the section shall not be considered.

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 IS:13920-2016… IS:13920-2016…

• Transverse reinforcement • Transverse

reinforcement

(Changed in
Amendment no. 1 –
September 2017 )
8d
(≥75mm)
8d
(≥75mm)

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IS:13920-2016… IS:13920-2016…

• Transverse reinforcement • Shear force capacity of beam shall be more than large of,
– Close spacing of links over a length of 2d at either side of a beam
shall not exceed,
 d/4
 6 times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar
 100 mm (previously it need not be less than 100 mm)

Capacity design concept

ensures that shear failure does
not occur prior to flexural
failure

6db
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 IS:13920-2016… The Example
• For sway to the right: • The Building Example

Superstructure

Slabs
Beams
• For sway to the left: Columns
Beam-Column Joints

Foundation

Factor 1.4 accounts for over strength capacity which should be

calculated for 1.25 fy instead of 0.87 fy Soil

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The Example… The Example…

• The Building Example… • The Building Example…

V M M

Concrete Steel
s
(Feq)max V
s
Confined

Unconfined

e e
Actual Material Properties
:: No partial safety factor for Concrete
Source @Prof. Murthy :: Include Manufacturer’s Overstrength for steel (1.25fy)
(Feq)max
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 The Example… IS:13920-2016…
The picture can't be displayed.

• The Building Example…

M A M B
w
V V

A B
Shear Design

wL M A  M B 
V  Design Shear for
Beam
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@ Blondet 2005

Thank You !

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