INFORMATIONAL

TEXT STRUCTURES
English for Specific Purposes
(STEM)
The students must be able to:
a. identify the structure of the text;
b. create a structure of text; and
c. create a graphic representation of
the text.
How to identify?
U I SLinguistic
L I G NTC I

Language cues
E XTT AP M P ING
Text Mapping
Graphic representation
LIN O U T I NG
Outlining
Topic & sentence outlines
>phrases
>sentence form
 ETYMOLOGY/
ETYMOLOGY/
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CAUSE&&EFFECT
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 Linux and Windows are both operating
systems.  Computers use them to run
programs.  Linux is totally free and open
source, so users can improve or otherwise
modify the source code while Windows is
proprietary, so it costs money to use and
users are prohibited from altering the source
code.
 ETYMOLOGY/
ETYMOLOGY/
CAUSE
CAUSE&&EFFECT
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COMPARISON
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&
&
PROBLEM
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COMPARISON
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 Linux and Windows are both operating
systems.  Computers use them to run
programs.  Linux is totally free and open
L an g u a g e
source, so users can improve or otherwise
C u e s? ? ?
modify the source code while Windows is
proprietary, so it costs money to use and
users are prohibited from altering the source
code.
●
Language Cues
>compare/contrast >however
>similar/different >whereas
>same >on the other hand
>as well as >both
●
Text Mapping/ Graphic Organizer

es
Venn Diagram

c
en
✔
Sim

er
ila

iff
riti

D
e s

Differences
 LINUX WINDOWS
>free and open >proprietary
source >used to >costs money to
>users can run use
improve or programs >users are
modify source prohibited from
the code altering the
source code
Mammals are a class of animals whose females give birth to
live young and produce milk to feed their young.
Mammals are divided into five groups: carnivores,
cetaceans, marsupials, rodents and primates. Carnivores are
meat-eaters. Cetaceans have very large heads and tapering
bodies that live in water. Marsupials are mammals whose
females have pouches in which young develop after birth.
Rodents are small mammals with two pairs of incisors used
for gnawing. Last are primates which have complex brains
specialized limbs and eyes that can perceive depth.
 ETYMOLOGY/
ETYMOLOGY/
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Mammals are a class of animals whose females give birth to
live young and produce milk to feed their young.
Mammals are divided into five groups: carnivores,
cetaceans, marsupials, rodents and primates. Carnivores are
meat-eaters. Cetaceans have very large heads and tapering
bodies that live in water. Marsupials are mammals whose
females have pouches in which young develop after birth.
Rodents are small mammals with two pairs of incisors used
for gnawing. Last are primates which have complex brains
specialized limbs and eyes that can perceive depth.
●
Language Cues
>classified as… >categorized...
>types >group
●
Text Mapping/ Graphic Organizer
✔
box/circle
 MAMMALS

Carnivores Marsupials Primates

Cetaceans Rodents
Volcanoes are a feared and destructive force for good reason.
 A volcano is like a pressure valve for the inner earth, but they
can also be very beautiful.  One part of the volcano that
people rarely see is the magma chamber. The magma
chamber is way beneath the Earth’s bed rock.  It is
tremendously hot. Running from the magma chamber to the
crater of the volcano is the conduit. The conduit connects the
magma chamber to the outer world.  At the top of the volcano
is the crater. This is where the magma exits. Volcanoes are a
beautiful yet dangerous natural phenomenon.
 ETYMOLOGY/
ETYMOLOGY/
CAUSE
CAUSE&&EFFECT
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DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION
CLASSIFICATION
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PROBLEM
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●
Language Cues
>adjectives or describing words
>for example
●
Text Mapping/ Graphic Organizer
DESCRIPTION

WORD DESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTION
 DESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTION WORD DESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTION
Volcanoes are a feared and destructive force for good reason.
 A volcano is like a pressure valve for the inner earth, but they
can also be very beautiful.  One part of the volcano that
people rarely see is the magma chamber. The magma
chamber is way beneath the Earth’s bed rock.  It is
tremendously hot. Running from the magma chamber to the
crater of the volcano is the conduit. The conduit connects the
magma chamber to the outer world.  At the top of the volcano
is the crater. This is where the magma exits. Volcanoes are a
beautiful yet dangerous natural phenomenon.
 feared and
destructive force

like a pressure beautiful yet

valve dangerous
Volcano

very beautiful tremendously hot

 How to use the microscope? First, plug in the lamp.
Then, place a sample of what you wish to observe on a
slide. Next, adjust the mirror so it reflects light from the
room up into the objective lens and place your slide
with the specimen directly over the center of the glass
circle on the stage. With the low power objective lens
placed over the slide, use the coarse focus knob. Now,
look through the eyepiece with one eye while closing
the other eye and use the fine focus knob to fine.
 ETYMOLOGY/
ETYMOLOGY/
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●
Language Cues
>First, second, third…
>Next, then, afterwards, last/finally
●
Text Mapping/ Graphic Organizer
✔
Flow chart
 How to use the microscope? First, plug in the lamp.
Then, place a sample of what you wish to observe on a
slide. Next, adjust the mirror so it reflects light from the
room up into the objective lens and place your slide
with the specimen directly over the center of the glass
circle on the stage. With the low power objective lens
placed over the slide, use the coarse focus knob. Now,
look through the eyepiece with one eye while closing
the other eye and use the fine focus knob to fine.
 Plug in the
lamp.
How to use the
Microscope?
Place a sample
on a slide.
Look through the
eyepiece with
one eye... Adjust the mirror
and place the
slide...
 Engineering is the study of using scientific
principles of design and build machines,
structures, and other things. It is also the
creative application of scientific principles to
design or develop structures, machines,
apparatus, or manufacturing processes or
works utilizing them singly or in
combination...
 ETYMOLOGY/
ETYMOLOGY/
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 Engineering is the study of using scientific
principles of design and build machines,
structures, and other things. It is also the
creative application of scientific principles to
design or develop structures, machines,
apparatus, or manufacturing processes or
works utilizing them singly or in
combination...
●
Language Cues
>defined as >mean/s
>is/are >states/state
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Text Mapping/ Graphic Organizer
DEFINITION

TERM DEFINITION

DEFINITION
 DEFINITION

DEFINITION TERM DEFINITION

DEFINITION
 Engineering

Is the study of using

scientific principles of Is also the creative
design and build application of
machines, structures, scientific principles
and other things...
One cause of the increase in carbon dioxide
gas in the atmosphere is deforestation. Plants
normally absorb carbon dioxide from the air for
use in photosynthesis. But when large areas are
cleared of trees, there are fewer plants to
absorb carbon dioxide. Increase carbon dioxide
gas in the atmosphere may cause global
warming by trapping heat from the sun.
 ETYMOLOGY/
ETYMOLOGY/
CAUSE
CAUSE&&EFFECT
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PROBLEM
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& EFFECT
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One cause of the increase in carbon dioxide
gas in the atmosphere is deforestation. Plants
normally absorb carbon dioxide from the air for
use in photosynthesis. But when large areas are
cleared of trees, there are fewer plants to
absorb carbon dioxide. Increase carbon dioxide
gas in the atmosphere may cause global
warming by trapping heat from the sun.
●
Language Cues
>cause/effect
>result
>may happen
●
Text Mapping/ Graphic Organizer
✔
Box/Circle
✔
Fish bone
GENERALIZATION

CAUSES

EFFECTS
TITLE
 ga s
ide l
diox on ba g
carb e in Glo rmin
Incr
eas wa
in
se
ti o n rea
Inc bon gas
a
rest
defo
car xide
dio
It seems like there has been a surge in teen
pregnancies these days. It makes young
mothers very difficult to pursue their dreams
and meet the demands of an infant.
Fortunately, most teen pregnancies can be
easily prevented by using birth control or by
abstinence, which is 100% effective
 ETYMOLOGY/
ETYMOLOGY/
CAUSE
CAUSE&&EFFECT
EFFECT DEFINITION
DEFINITION HISTORY
HISTORY

PROBLEM
PROBLEM
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATIONDESCRIPTION
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&
&PROBLEM
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SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
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COMPARISON&& SEQUENCE/
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It seems like there has been a surge in teen
pregnancies these days. It makes young
mothers very difficult to pursue their dreams
and meet the demands of an infant.
Fortunately, most teen pregnancies can be
easily prevented by using birth control or by
abstinence, which is 100% effective
●
Language Cues
>problem >answer
>solve >prevention
>remedy
●
Text Mapping/ Graphic Organizer
✔
box/circle
SOLUTION

PROBLEM SOLUTION

SOLUTION
 Birth Control

Surge in teen
pregnancies

Abstinence
The human brain has three main parts: the
cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.
The cerebrum is the largest part which is
responsible for…
The cerebellum controls movements you make
automatically…
The brain stem controls heartbeat, breathing, and
other vital functions of the body
 ETYMOLOGY/
ETYMOLOGY/
CAUSE
CAUSE&&EFFECT
EFFECT DEFINITION
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PROBLEM
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●
Language Cues
>sample/examples
>enumerate
●
Text Mapping/ Graphic Organizer
✔
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SAMPLES

TOPIC SAMPLES

SAMPLES
The human brain has three main parts: the
cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.
The cerebrum is the largest part which is
responsible for…
The cerebellum controls movements you make
automatically…
The brain stem controls heartbeat, breathing, and
other vital functions of the body
 Cerebrum

BRAIN
Cerebellum

Brain Stem
In 1903, American geneticist Walter Sutton
who was studying the egg and sperm cells
of grasshoppers discovered that Mendel’s
units of heredity – genes – were located on
the chromosomes. Chromosomes are
composed of DNA...
 ETYMOLOGY/
ETYMOLOGY/
CAUSE
CAUSE&&EFFECT
EFFECT DEFINITION
DEFINITION HISTORY
HISTORY

ETYMOLOGY/
ETYMOLOGY/
CLASSIFICATIONDESCRIPTION
CLASSIFICATIONDESCRIPTION
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
SOLUTION
&&
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HISTORY
COMPARISON
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●
Language Cues
>dates >history

Etymology
●
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Information...
TOPIC
In 1903, American geneticist Walter Sutton
who was studying the egg and sperm cells
of grasshoppers discovered that Mendel’s
units of heredity – genes – were located on
the chromosomes. Chromosomes are
composed of DNA...
Walter Sutton
>1903
>American geneticist
>studied
the egg and sperm cells of
grasshoppers
>discovered that Mendel’s
units of heredity – genes –
were located on the
chromosomes
Video…
ACTIVITY 1
Create a mind map
of your favorite
subject.
*Upload in Google
Classroom
RUBRICS:

Content -10pts.
Creativity -10pts.
20pts.
ACTIVITY 2 (PT.)
Create an essay about the causes
and effects of COVID-19.
Create a graphic organizer of it.
(Short bond paper/Take a photo...)

*Upload it in Google Classroom

PAIR ACTIVITY 3 (Written)
Create an essay about the problem in the
documentary that you watched and provide
your own solution. Create a graphic
organizer about it.

*Upload in Google Classroom as PDF

RUBRICS:

Essay Graphic Org.

Content - 15pts. -10pts.
Mechanics - 5pts. Creativity -10pts.
20pts. 20pts.
ASSIGNMENT # 1

*Yellow pad paper

1. What is summarizing?
2. What are the
techniques in
summarizing?