Musculo-Skeletal System

Benevolent Future Frontliners

Are you ready to save lives?
 Benevolent Future Frontliners

Worksheet 5:
Part 1 – Ramirez
Part 2 – Mendoza
Part 3 – Manzon, Pagayunan, Martinez
Part 4 – Pangilinan
Part 5 – Malazzab, Proilan
Part 6 – Limcuandob, Proilan
Part 7 – All Members, Martinez (Editing)
Post-Activity – Mopal and Chinel
Chinel Mopal

Reporters Task Delegations

 objectives of the report
At the end of the worksheet presentation, the students are expected to:

• Identify the functions of the Muscular and Skeletal System.

• Identify the parts of bones and its connected structures.
• Identify the human bones and the principal superficial muscles (anterior
view and posterior view)
• Identify the axial and appendicular bones, as well as the axial and
appendicular muscles.
• Briefly describe the skeletal muscle fibers, ossification, and bone repair.
• Identify how our organs get protection from impact or trauma.
 Muscular and Skeletal
01 System
table of functions of each system

Bone, Long Bone, and

02 Connective Tissue
table of histology and structure

Bone and Principal

contents 03 Superficial Muscles
Anatomy of the human body

Axial and Appendicular

04 Bones and Muscles
corresponding parts in bones and muscles
 Skeletal Muscle Fibers,
05 Ossification, Bone Repair
briefly discussing about the images

Interstitial Fluid and Serous

table of 06 Membranes
experimentation and answers to questions

contents Movements of
07 Synovial Joints
video presentation of the demonstration

Post Activity
08 answering the questions
 01.
Muscular System
and Skeletal System
RAMIREZ
 01. Make a table presentation on
the functions of Skeletal
System and the Muscular
System.

Muscular System
and Skeletal System
 Functions of the Skeletal System

FUNCTIONS DETAIL
1. Support The skeleton supports soft tissues and
provides attachment places for the tendons
of most skeletal muscles, acting as a
structural foundation for the body.
2. Protection Secures the most vital internal organs from
harm. The brain is protected by the cranium,
the spinal cord is protected by the vertebral
column, the heart and lungs are protected by
the ribcage
3. Movement Muscles attach to bones through tendons.
This connection allows the body to move in
many different ways.
VanPutte, C., Regan, J., Russo, A., Seeley, R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. (2017). Seeley’s
Anatomy and Physiology [11th edition]. McGraw-Hill Education: New York City, NY
 Functions of the Skeletal System
FUNCTIONS DETAIL
4. Formation and Production of Blood Cells The soft bone marrow inside of many bones
produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets. Yellow bone marrow contains
adipose tissue, and the triglycerides stored in
the adipocytes of this tissue can be released to
serve as a source of energy for other tissues of
the body. Red bone marrow is where the
production of blood cells named hematopoiesis.
5. Mineral and Nutrients Storage Bones can store and release minerals, including
calcium and phosphorus, which are important
for many bodily functions. Additionally, adipose
(fat) tissue that can be used as energy can be
found in part of the bone marrow.

VanPutte, C., Regan, J., Russo, A., Seeley, R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. (2017). Seeley’s
Anatomy and Physiology [11th edition]. McGraw-Hill Education: New York City, NY
 Functions of the Muscular System
FUNCTIONS DETAIL
1. Movement of the body Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones
and are responsible for the majority of body
movements, including walking, running,
chewing, and manipulating objects with the
hands.
2. Maintenance of posture Skeletal muscles constantly maintain
tone, which keeps us sitting or standing erect.
3. Respiration Skeletal muscles of the thorax carry out
breathing movements.

4. Production of body heat When skeletal muscles contract, heat is given off
as a by-product. This released heat is critical for
maintaining body temperature.
VanPutte, C., Regan, J., Russo, A., Seeley, R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. (2017). Seeley’s
Anatomy and Physiology [11th edition]. McGraw-Hill Education: New York City, NY
 Functions of the Muscular System
FUNCTIONS DETAIL
5. Communication Skeletal muscles are involved in all aspects of
communication, including speaking, writing,
typing, gesturing, and smiling or frowning.
6. Constriction of organs and vessels The contraction of smooth muscle within the
walls of internal organs and vessels causes those
structures to constrict. This constriction can help
propel and mix food and water in the digestive
tract; remove materials from organs, such as
the urinary bladder or sweat glands; and
regulate blood flow through vessels.

7. Contraction of the heart The contraction of cardiac muscle causes the

heart to beat, propelling blood to all parts of the
body.
VanPutte, C., Regan, J., Russo, A., Seeley, R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. (2017). Seeley’s
Anatomy and Physiology [11th edition]. McGraw-Hill Education: New York City, NY
 02.
Bone, Long Bone,
and Connective Tissue
MENDOZA
 02. Label the following
presentations accordingly.

Bone, Long Bone,

and Connective Tissue
The Histology of A Bone

2. Osteonic Canal
3. Concentric Lamellae
4. Perfocating Canal
5. Spongy Bone
6. Compact Bone
The Histology of A Bone

1. Osteocytes
2. Central Canal
3. Canaliculi
7. Concentric Lamellae
The Histology of A Bone

1. Osteocytes
7. Canaliculi
8. Lacuna
The Histology of A Bone

2. Central Canal
3. Concentric Lamellae
7. Canaliculi
8. Lacunae
The Parts of A Long Bone

1. Articular Cartilage
2. Compact Bone Tissue
3. Periosteum
4. Distal Epiphysis
5. Medullary Cavity
6. Endosteum
7. Diaphysis
8. Spongy Bone Tissue
9. Proximal Epiphysis
Connective Tissue Component of A Skeletal Muscle

1. Epimysium
2. Perimysium
3. Muscle Fiber
4. Fascicle
5. Endomysium
 03.
Bone and Principal
Superficial Muscles
MANZON, PAGAYUNAN, MARTINEZ
 Have a photograph of yourself
to present the terminologies

03. used to identify the bone and

the principal superficial
muscles (anterior view and
posterior view). You may use
the attached photo captured
from Anatomy Book for your
Bone and Principal reference.
Superficial Muscles
Me and My Skeleton (Anterior View)

dreams [Link]/stock-image-human-anatomy-
muscle-syestem-image67471
Me and My Skeleton (Posterior View)

dreams [Link]/stock-image-human-anatomy-
muscle-syestem-image67471
Oh My Muscles!!! (Anterior View)

dreams [Link]/stock-image-human-anatomy-
muscle-syestem-image67471
Oh My Muscles!!! (Posterior View)

dreams [Link]/stock-image-human-anatomy-
muscle-syestem-image67471
 04.
Axial and Appendicular
Bones and Muscles
PANGILINAN
 04. Make a representation of Axial
and Appendicular bone; and
Axial and Appendicular
Muscles.

Axial and Appendicular

Bones and Muscles
 Axial and Appendicular Bones

Total Axial skeleton: 80

Total Appendicular skeleton: 126

Total bones: 206

Reference:
[Link]
 Axial and Appendicular Muscles

About 60% of the

skeletal muscles in
the body are axial
muscles. The
remaining are
appendicular
muscles.

Ref erence: Higher education | Pearson. (n.d.). Retriev ed October 19, 2021, f rom [Link] .
 05.
Skeletal Muscle Fibers,
Ossification, Bone Repair
MALAZZAB, PROILAN
 05. Briefly describe what is
presented in the picture
below.

Skeletal Muscle Fibers,

Ossification, Bone Repair
Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Retrieved from "worksheet 5 MUSCOLOSKELETAL [Link]" provided by Prof. Maricel Chua

 Skeletal Muscle Fibers

The picture in the previous slide shows the histology of the skeletal
muscle fibers or its microscopic anatomy. The following are brief descriptions
derived from the picture:

• Skeletal muscle fibers surround a muscle, and its internal

components extend beyond the center of the muscle to become tendons.
Each mature skeletal muscle fiber has a hundred or more nuclei.
• Connective tissue surrounds and protects muscular tissue.
• Sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber. It covers
many mitochondria and myofibrils.
• Myofibril is also called "little fibers" and is approximately 1–3 μm in
diameter, that extends the length of the muscle fiber. Myofibrils are the
contractile organelles of skeletal muscle and houses myofilaments.
Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USA
VanPutte, C., Regan, J., Russo, A., Seeley, R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. (2017). Seeley’s Anatomy and Physiology [11th edition]. McGraw-Hill Education: New York City, NY
 Skeletal Muscle Fibers

• Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a fluid-filled system of membranous sacs

that encircles each myofibril.
• Actin (thin) myofilaments are approximately 8 nanometers (nm) in diameter
and 1000 nm in length. Molecule of actin are contractile protein that consists
of a tail and two myosin heads, which bind to myosin-binding sites on actin
molecules of thin filament during muscle contraction.
• Myosin (thick) myofilaments are approximately 12 nm in diameter and 1800
nm in length. Molecules of myosin has a myosin-binding site where myosin
head of thick filament binds during muscle contraction.
• Sarcomere is a highly ordered arrangement of myofilaments. It is basic
structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle because it is the smallest
portion of skeletal muscle capable of contracting. It composes of z disc, h
zone, a band, m band, and I band.
Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USA
VanPutte, C., Regan, J., Russo, A., Seeley, R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. (2017). Seeley’s Anatomy and Physiology [11th edition]. McGraw-Hill Education: New York City, NY
Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USA
Stages of Intramembranous Ossification

Retrieved from "worksheet 5 MUSCOLOSKELETAL [Link]" provided by Prof. Maricel Chua

 Stages of Intramembranous Ossification

1. Development of the
ossification center
• Specific chemical messages
cause the cells of the
mesenchyme to cluster
together and differentiate
into osteoprogenitor cells
and then into osteoblasts.
• The site of such a cluster is
called an ossification
center.

Retrieved from "worksheet 5 USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"

provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 Stages of Intramembranous Ossification

2. Calcification
• The secretion of
extracellular matrix stops,
the cells now called
osteocytes, lie in lacunae
and extend their narrow
cytoplasmic processes into
canaliculi that radiate in all
directions.
• In few days, calcium and
other mineral salts are
deposited and the
extracellular matrix hardens
or calcifies.
Retrieved from "worksheet 5 USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 Stages of Intramembranous Ossification

3. Formation of trabeculae
and periosteum
• As the bone extracellular
matrix forms, it develops
into trabeculae that fuse
with one another to form
spongy bone around the
network of blood vessels in
the tissue.
• The mesenchyme
condenses at the
periphery of the bone and
develops into the
periosteum.
Retrieved from "worksheet 5 USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 Stages of Intramembranous Ossification

4. Development of the red

bone marrow
• Connective tissue
associated with the blood
vessels in the trabeculae
differentiates into red bone
marrow.
• A thin layer of compact
bone replaces the surface
layers of the spongy bone,
but spongy bone remains in
the center.
• Much of the newly formed
bone is remodeled as the
bone is transformed into its
Retrieved from "worksheet 5 USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]" adult size and shape.
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
Stages of Endochondral Ossification

Retrieved from "worksheet 5 MUSCOLOSKELETAL [Link]" provided by Prof. Maricel Chua

 Stages of Endochondral Ossification

1. Development of the cartilage model

• mesenchyme to crowd together in the general shape of the
future bone, and then develop into chondroblasts
• chondroblasts secrete cartilage extracellular matrix,
producing a cartilage model (future diaphysis) consisting of
hyaline cartilage
• perichondrium develops around the cartilage model forming
the bone collar

Retrieved from "worksheet 5

USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 Stages of Endochondral Ossification

2. Growth of the cartilage model

• chondroblasts become deeply buried in the cartilage
extracellular matrix, they are called chondrocytes
• chondrocytes in its midregion hypertrophy (increase in size)
and the surrounding cartilage extracellular matrix begins to
calcify
• chondrocytes within the calcifying cartilage die because
nutrients can no longer diffuse quickly enough through the
extracellular matrix
• As these chondrocytes die, the spaces left behind by dead
chondrocytes merge into small cavities called lacunae.

Retrieved from "worksheet 5

USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 Stages of Endochondral Ossification

3. Development of the primary ossification center and

spongy bone formation
• A nutrient artery penetrates the perichondrium and the
calcifying cartilage model through a nutrient foramen in the
midregion of the cartilage model, stimulating
osteoprogenitor cells in the perichondrium to differentiate
into osteoblasts.
• periosteal capillaries grow into the disintegrating calcified
cartilage, inducing growth of a primary ossification center, a
region where bone tissue will replace most of the cartilage

Retrieved from "worksheet 5

USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 Stages of Endochondral Ossification

4. Development of the secondary ossification center

and medullary cavity
• osteoclasts break down some of the newly formed
spongy bone trabecula; leaves a cavity, the medullary
(marrow) cavity in the diaphysis
• branches of the epiphyseal artery enter the epiphyses,
secondary ossification centers develop, usually around the
time of birth

Retrieved from "worksheet 5

USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 Stages of Endochondral Ossification

5. Formation of the articular cartilage and epiphyseal

(growth) plate
• hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphyses becomes the
articular cartilage
• Prior to adulthood, hyaline cartilage remains between the
diaphysis and epiphysis as the epiphyseal (growth) plate, the
region responsible for the lengthwise growth of long bones.

Retrieved from "worksheet 5

USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
Bone Repair

Retrieved from "worksheet 5 MUSCOLOSKELETAL [Link]" provided by Prof. Maricel Chua

 Bone Repair

1. Reactive Phase
• This phase is an early inflammatory phase. Blood vessels
crossing the fracture line are broken thus the blood leaks
from the torn ends of the vessels forming around the site of
the fracture (fracture hematoma).
• Usually forms 6 to 8 hours after the injury. The blood
circulation were stopped in the site of fracture
hematoma resulting to death of bone cells.
• Swelling and inflammation occurs in response to dead bonce
cells, producing additional cellular debris. This stage may last
up to several weeks.

Retrieved from "worksheet 5

USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 Bone Repair
2a. Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous callus
formation
• The reparative phase is described by two events: the
formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus, and a bony callus
to bridge the gap between the ends of the broken bones.
• There is also the growth of new blood vessels into the
fracture hematoma and phagocytes starts to clean up
dead bone cells.
• The cells from the periosteum develop into
chondroblasts which begin the production of
fibrocartilage in this site.
• These result to the development of fibrocartilaginous
callus which is described as a mass of repair tissue
consisting of collagen fibers and cartilage that help
connect ends of the injured bone.
Retrieved from "worksheet 5 • Formation of fibrocartilaginous callus occurs for about 3
USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua weeks. Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 Bone Repair

2b. Reparative Phase: Bony callus formation

• This is the second event of reparative phase.
• The osteoprogenitor cells are found in well-vascularized
healthy bone tissue.
• The osteoprogenitor cells develop into osteoblasts, which
produces the spongy bone trabeculae.
• The trabeculae join living and dead portions of the
original bone fragments.
• As the time goes by, the fibrocartilage turns to spongy
bone, and the callus is referred to as a bony callus.
• The bony callus lasts about 3 to 4 months.

Retrieved from "worksheet 5

USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 Bone Repair

3. Bone Remodeling Phase

• This is the final phase of bone repair.
• The dead portions of the original fragments of the broken
bone are slowly resorbed by osteoclasts.
• The spongy bone is replaced by the compact bone around the
edge of the fracture.
• There are situations where the fracture line is undetectable in
a radiograph because the healing process worked well.
• However, the result of a bone fracture could lead to having
thicker visual in the surface of the bone as it is the evidence
of the injury.

Retrieved from "worksheet 5

USCOLOSKELETAL [Link]"
provided by Prof. Maricel Chua Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 06.
Interstitial Fluid and
Serous Membranes
LIMCUANDO, PROILAN
 06. Activity 1:
Take a picture of yourself
when doing the activity.

Interstitial Fluid and

Serous Membranes
 Materials:
1. Balloon
2. Water
3. Clamp
Obtain a small water
balloon and clamp.
Partially fill the
balloon with water (it
should still be
flaccid), and clamp it
closed.
First Fill-up of Water Balloon
Second Fill-up of Water Balloon
Third Fill-up of Water Balloon
 QUESTIONS

1. How does the presence of a sac containing

fluid influence the amount of friction generated?

The presence of sac-containing fluid helps reduce friction.

As organs rub against the body wall or other organs, the
combination of the serous fluid (water in the balloon) and
the smooth serous membrane (walls of the balloon)
decreases the friction.
Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 QUESTIONS

2. What anatomical structure(s) does the water-

containing balloon mimic?

There are many structures that the water-containing

balloon signifies. The walls of the balloon represent the
serous membranes. The inner wall represents a visceral
serous membrane, while the outer wall describes the
parietal serous membrane.
Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 QUESTIONS

3. What anatomical structure might be

represented by your fists?

The anatomical structure represented by the fists is the

organs that are surrounded by the serous membrane.
Examples of these organs are the organs found in the
abdominal cavity like the stomach, pelvic cavity like the
urinary bladder, and thoracic cavity with the lungs and
heart.
Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology [15th edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USa
 07.
Movements of
Synovial Joints
ALL MEMBERS, MARTINEZ
07. Activity 2: Demonstrating
Movements of Synovial Joints
Make your video presentation
on the following procedures
asked.
Movements of
Synovial Joints
 Movements of Synovial Joints

To access the video, kindly click CTRL + the hyperlink:

GROUP 3 MOVEMENTS OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS.mp4 - Google

Drive
 08.
Post-Activity
CHINEL, MOPAL
08. Answer the multiple-choice
questions.

Post-Activity
 Post-Activity

C 1. The suture between the parietal and temporal bones is the

(a) lambdoid (b) coronal (c) squamous (d) sagittal

D 2. Which bone does not contain a paranasal sinus?

(a) ethmoid (b) maxilla (c) sphenoid (d) occipital

A 3. Which is the superior, concave curve in the vertebral column?

(a) thoracic (b) lumbar (c) cervical (d) sacral

C 4. The fontanel between the parietal and occipital bones is the

(a) anterolateral (b) anterior (c) posterior (d) posterolateral

B 5. Which is not a component of the upper limb?

(a) radius (b) femur (c) carpus (d) humerus
 Post-Activity

B 6. All are components of the appendicular skeleton except the

(a) humerus (b) occipital bone (c) calcaneus (d) triquetral

D 7. Which bone does not belong with the others?

(a) occipital (b) frontal (c) parietal (d) mandible

C 8. Which region of the vertebral column is closer to the skull?

(a) thoracic (b) lumbar (c) cervical (d) sacral

C 9. Of the following bones, the one that does not help form part of the orbit is the
(a) sphenoid (b) frontal (c) occipital (d) lacrimal

A 10. Which bone does not form a border for a fontanel?

(a) maxilla (b) temporal (c) occipital (d) parietal
 Post-Activity

B
11. A joint united by dense fibrous tissue that permits a slight degree of
movement is a
(a) suture (b) syndesmosis (c) symphysis (d) synchondrosis

C 12. A joint that contains a broad flat disc of fibrocartilage is classified as a

(a) ball-and-socket joint (b) suture (c) symphysis (d) gliding joint

13. The following characteristics define what type of joint? Presence of a synovial

D cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments.

(a) suture (b) synchondrosis (c) syndesmosis (d) hinge

B
14. Which joints are slightly movable?
a) diarthroses (b) amphiarthroses (c) synovial (d) synarthroses
 Post-Activity

A 15. Which type of joint is immovable?

(a) synarthrosis (b) syndesmosis (c) symphysis (d) diarthrosis

A 16. Which type of joint provides strength on the medial side of the knee joint?
(a) hinge (b) ball-and-socket (c) saddle (d) condyloid

D
17. Which ligament provides strength on the medial side of the knee joint?
(a) oblique popliteal (b) posterior cruciate (c) fibular collateral (d) tibial
collateral

D
18. On the basis of structure, which joint is fibrous?
(a) symphysis (b) synchondochrosis (c) pivot (d) syndesmosis
 Post-Activity

B
19. The elbow, knee and interphalangeal joints are examples of which type of
joint?
(a) pivot (b) hinge (c) gliding (d) saddle

A
20. Functionally, which joint provides the greatest degree of movement?
(a) diarthrosis (b) synarthrosis (c) amphiarthrosis (d) syndesmosis

21. The ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape after contraction or
B extension is called
(a) excitability (b) elasticity (c) extension (d) tetanus

A
22. Which of the following is striated and voluntary?
(a) skeletal muscle tissue (b) cardiac muscle tissue (c) visceral muscle tissue (d)
smooth muscle tissue
 Post-Activity

C 23. The portion of a sarcomere composed of thin filaments only is the

(a) H zone (b) A band (c) I band (d) Z disc

D
24. The synapse between a motor axon terminal and its associated skeletal
muscle fiber sarcolemma (motor end plate) is called the
(a) A band (b) filament (c) transverse tubule (d) neuromuscular junction

A
25. The connective tissue layer surrounding bundles (fascicles) of muscle fibers
is called the
(a) perimysium (b) endomysium (c) ectomysium (d) myomysium

C
26. Which of the following is striated and involuntary?
(a) smooth muscle tissue (b) skeletal muscle tissue (c) cardiac muscle tissue (d)
visceral muscle tissue
 Post-Activity

27. The portion of a sarcomere that consists mostly of thick filaments and
C portions of filaments where thin and thick filaments overlap is called the
(a) H zone (b) triad (c) A band (d) I band

A
28. The portion of a polygraph that converts nonelectrical signals into electrical
signals is the
(a) transducer (b) electrode (c) amplifier (d) coupler

B
29. In a skeletal muscle twitch, which period of the contraction curve requires
the expenditure of energy?
(a) latent period (b) contraction period (c) relaxation period (d) extension

A 30. A state of sustained muscle contraction without relaxation is known as

(a) tetanus (b) treppe (c) myopathy (d) hypertrophy
References
References
 Book References

• Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology [15th

edition]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: USA

• VanPutte, C., Regan, J., Russo, A., Seeley, R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. (2017).
Seeley’s Anatomy and Physiology [11th edition]. McGraw-Hill Education: New
York City, NY
 Online References

• Seladi-Schulman, J., PhD. (2018, August 30). Skeletal System Overview.

Healthline. [Link]
system
 Online Image References

• Higher education | Pearson. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2021,

from [Link]

• [Link]

• dreams [Link]/stock-image-human-anatomy-muscle-syestem-image67471
Thanks!
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