Chain rules and Directional derivatives

The derivative of y = is

𝑑𝑨
Area (A)= π 𝒓𝟐 = 𝒇(𝒓)
𝑑𝒓
𝛛𝐰 𝛛𝐰 𝛛𝐰
The partial derivatives of w = f(x,y,z) are = 𝒘𝒙 , = 𝒘𝒚 , and = 𝒘𝒛
𝛛𝐱 𝛛𝒚 𝛛𝒛
𝜕𝑽 𝝏𝑽
Volume (V)= π 𝒓𝟐 𝒉 = 𝒇(𝒓, 𝒉) 𝒂𝒏𝒅
𝜕𝒓 𝝏𝒉

Chain rule for functions of two independent variables

, and

Then,

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Chain rule
Example

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Chain rule for functions of three independent variables
If w = f(x,y,z) , , and z= z(t)

Then,

= z(t)

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Chain rule
Chain rule for two independent variables and three intermediate variables

If w = f(x,y,z) , x = f(r,s), y = f(r,s) , and z = f(r,s)

Then,

x = f(r,s) = f(r,s)

= z(t)

x = f(r,s) = f(r,s)

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Implicit functions
𝑧 3 − 𝑦 = 3𝑥
z𝑒 𝑧 + 6𝑦 2 = 1 − 𝑦
= 0 where

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Directional derivatives
The

f(x,y,z) 𝑷𝒐 𝒙𝒐 , 𝒚𝒐 , 𝒛𝒐
𝜕𝒇 𝝏𝒇 𝝏𝒇
𝛻𝒇 = 𝒊+ 𝒋+ 𝒌
𝜕𝑥 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛

If v is a vector of v = 𝒙 𝒊 + 𝒚𝒋 + 𝒛 𝒌, then the unit vector (u) is the vector v divided by the length of the vector /v/.
𝑉 𝑥 𝑖+𝑦𝑗+𝑧 𝑘 𝑥𝒊 𝑦𝒋 𝒛𝒌
Unit vector (u) = = = + + = 𝑢1 𝒊 + 𝑢2 𝒋 +𝑢3 𝒌
/v/ 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2

𝜕𝒇 𝝏𝒇 𝝏𝒇 𝝏𝒇 𝝏𝒇 𝝏𝒇
= = 𝒊 + 𝒋+ 𝒌 ∙ 𝒖𝟏 𝒊 + 𝒖𝟐 𝒋 + 𝒖𝟑 𝒌 = 𝒖𝟏 + 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒖𝟑
𝜕𝑥 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛

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Directional derivatives

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