6.Gc Jhihdnhr >;68, Balluf Ltj. fiquarhj fll t`h fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge Mgc Ltj.

wat` Balluf Ltj. assuacm

6;;,;;; s`frhs tg fiquarh t`hsh cht fsshts. Z`h efar vfluh ge Mgc Ltj. -s fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ft t`as jfth
whrh?

Ifs` [8;, ;;;

Eurcaturh fcj Eattacms >;, ;;;
Fiigucts ^hihavfnlh 8, ;;;
[lfct 6>8, ;;;
Fiigucts [fyfnlh 68, ;;;
Iurrhct Zfx Lafnalaty 0, ;;;
[rgvasagc egr fccufl lhfvh >, ;;;
Z`h eacfciafl yhfr egr Balluf Ltj. as Ofcufry- Jhihdnhr.
Z`h efar vfluh ge hfi` Balluf Ltj. s`frh ft fiquasatagc jfth as 6.1;. Ft fiquasatagc jfth, t`h fiquarhr igulj
gcly jhthrdach f prgvasagcfl efar vfluh egr t`h plfct. Gc Dfri` 6, >;65, Balluf Ltj. rhihavhj t`h eacfl vfluh
ergd t`h acjhphcjhct fpprfasfl, t`h efar vfluh ft fiquasatagc jfth nhacm [696, ;;;. Fssudacm t`h plfct `fj
f eurt`hr eavh yhfr laeh ergd t`h fiquasatagc jfth.
Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall frasacm ergd t`h nusachss igdnacftagc ft Jhihdnhr 6, >;68
7 f. [68, ;;; i. [8, ;;;
n. 1, ;;; j. ;

F CY ]H ^ ? N

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj (6;;, ;;; x 6.1;) [61;,

;;; Lhss? Efar Ufluh ge cht ajhctaeafnlh fsshts fiquarhj
Ifs` [8;, ;;;
Eurcaturh & Eattacms >;, ;;;
Fiigucts ^hihavfnlh 8, ;;;
[lfct 696, ;;;
Fiigucts [fyfnlh (68, ;;;)
Iurrhct tfx lafnalaty (0, ;;;)
Lafnalatahs (>, ;;;) 606, ;;;
Mggjwall [1, ;;;

>. Z`h H. Uhcjavhl Igdpfcy fiquarhj t`h cht fsshts ge t`h Uavfr Igdpfcy gc Ofcufry 6, >;68 fcj dfjh t`h
egllgwacm hctry tg rhigrj t`h puri`fsh?
Iurrhct Fsshts ........................................6;;, ;;;
Hquapdhct ..............................................68;, ;;;
Lfcj........................ ................. .........8;, ;;;
Nualjacms ..................................................9;;, ;;;
Mggjwall ..................................................6;;, ;;;
Lafnalatahs…………………………………. 0;, ;;;
Igddgc Ytgib, [6 pfr……………. 6;;, ;;;
[faj-ac ifpatfl ac hxihss ge pfr… 8>;, ;;;

Fssudacm t`ft t`h fjjatagcfl s`frhs gc Ofcufry 6, >;6= wgulj nh assuhj gc t`ft jfth tg igdphcsfth egr
fcy efll ac t`h vfluh ge H. Uhcjavhl igddgc stgib nhlgw [65 phr s`frh, t`h shttlhdhct wgulj nh tg iurh t`h
jheaiahciy ny assuacm fjjhj s`frhs nfshj gc t`har efar vfluhs gc Ofcufry 6, >;6=. Z`h efar praih ge t`h
s`frhs gc Ofcufry 6, >;6= wfs [6;.

]`ft as t`h fjjatagcfl cudnhr ge s`frhs assuhj gc Ofcufry 6, >;6= tg igdphcsfth egr fcy efll ac t`h vfluh
ge t`h stgib7

f [ 6 5; , i 5
n. 6; ; , ; ;;; j. 6;, ;;;
F CY ]H ^ ? I
Jheaiahciy (65-6;) x 6;;, ;;;s`frhs assuhj tg fiquarh .................................[5;;, ;;;
Javajhj ny? Efar vfluh ge t`h s`frh............. ................ ................ .. 6;
Fjjatagcfl cudnhr ge s`frhs tg a suhj ...................................................................[ 5;,
;;;

9. P Igdpfcy fiquarhs fll ge Q Igdpfcy ac fc fiquasatagc prgphrly fiigucthj egr fs fc fssht fiquasatagc.
P assuhs 0;,;;; s`frhs ge igddgc stgib wat` f efar vfluh ge [0,;;;,;;; egr Q -s cht fsshts. Z`h efar vfluhs
ge Q-s fsshts fcj lafnalatahs fpprgxadfth t`har nggb vfluhs, hxihpt Q `fs iustgdhr lasts vfluhj ft
[9,;;;,;;; t`ft frh cgt rhpgrthj gc ats nflfcih s`hht, fcj ats plfct fsshts frh gvhrvfluhj ny [8,;;;,;;;.
@hrh frh t`h nflfcih s`hhts ge P fcj Q pragr tg t`h fiquasatagc?

P I gdpfcy Q I gdpfcy

Fsshts [9;,;;;,;;; [6;,;;;,;;;

Lafnalatahs [65,;;;,;;; [ 5,;;;,;;;

Igddgc stgib, $6 pfr 6,;;;,;;; 6;;,;;;

Fjjatagcfl pfaj-ac ifpatfl 1,;;;,;;; >,1;;,;;;

^htfachj hfrcacms :,;;;,;;; 6,;;;,;;;

[9;,;;;,;;; [6;,;;;,;;;

@gw dui` mggjwall as rhigmcazhj egr t`as fiquasatagc7

f. [ >,;;;,;;;
n. [ 9,;;;,;;;
i. [ 5,;;;,;;;
j. [ 66,;;;,;;;

FCY ? I

Igst [0,;;;,;;;
Efar vfluh ge cht fsshts fiquarhj
^hpgrthj fsshts [ 8,;;;,;;;
Iustgdhr lasts 9,;;;,;;;
Lafnalatahs (5,;;;,;;;) >,;;;,;;;
Mggjwall [5,;;;,;;;

: .[ fiquarhs fll ge t`h vgtacm s`frhs ge Y ny assuacm 8;;,;;; s`frhs ge [6 pfr igddgc stgib vfluhj
ft [6;,;;;,;;;. Acilujhj ac t`h fmrhhdhct as f igctacmhciy mufrfcthhacm t`h egrdhr s`frh`gljhrs ge
Y t`ft ['s s`frhs wall nh wgrt` ft lhfst [60 phr s`frh fethr gch yhfr. Ae t`h s`frhs frh wgrt` lhss, [
wall
 pfy t`h egrdhr s`frh`gljhrs ge Y hcgum` ifs` tg rhadnursh t`hd egr t`h jhilach ac vfluh nhlgw [60
phr s`frh. [ hstadfths t`ft t`hrh as f 8% i`fcih t`ft t`h stgib vfluh wall nh [65 ft t`h hcj ge gch
yhfr, fcj f 18% i`fcih t`ft t`h stgib vfluh wall nh [60 phr s`frh gr `am`hr. F jasiguct rfth ge 6;%
as fpprgprafth. ]`ft as t`h vfluh ge t`h stgib praih igctacmhciy ft t`h jfth ge fiquasatagc7

f. [ 6,;;;,;;;
n. [ :8,:88
i. [ 8;,;;;
j. [ 059,595

FCY ? N

^ftagcflh? R([60 - [65) x 8;;,;;;T x .;8 4 [8;,;;;/6.6; 4 [:8,:88

8. [ puri`fshj fll ge t`h gutstfcjacm s`frhs ge Y egr [6,9;;,;;; ft f tadh w`hc t`h ucjhrlyacm
nggb vfluh ge Y wfs [6,>;;,;;;. Y's fsshts fcj lafnalatahs igcsast ge t`h egllgwacm?

Efar vfluh Nggb vfluh

Ifs`, rhihavfnlhs [>8;,;;; [>8;,;;;

Acvhctgry 95;,;;; 90;,;;;

Hquapdhct 1;;,;;; 5;;,;;;

Lafnalatahs 9;,;;; 9;,;;;

Z`h mfac gc fiquasatagc as?

f. [6:;,;;;
n. [60;,;;;
i. [>>;,;;;
j. [>5;,;;;
FCY? N

^ftagcflh?

Igst [6,9;;,;;;

Nggb vfluh 6,>;;,;;;

Hxihss ge igst gvhr nggb vfluh [ 6;;,;;;

Hxihss

Acvhctgry [(>;,;;;)

Hquapdhct 9;;,;;; >0;,;;;

Mfac [ 60;,;;;

Egr quhstagcs 5-=?

[ Igdpfcy fiquarhj fll ge t`h cht fsshts ge Y Igdpfcy. Z`h nflfcih s`hht ge Y Igdpfcy addhjafthly
pragr tg t`h fiquasatagc, flgcm wat` dfrbht vfluhs ge ats fsshts fcj lafnalatahs, as fs egllgws?

[lfct & hquapdhct (cht) Fiigucts >0,;;;,;;;

Y Igdpfcy nggb vfluh 98,;;;,;;;
[fthcts 6;;,;;; dfrb>,;;;,;;;
ht vfluh
Iurrhct fsshts[0;;,;;;
Ajhctaeafnlh actfcmanlh? nrfcj cfdhs ; 69,;;;,;;;
[ 6,;;;,;;;
Yballhj wgrb egrih ; :,;;;,;;;
Mggjwall >;;,;;; =;;,;;;
Lafnalatahs >6,;;;,;;; >;,;;;,;;;
Igddgc stgib, $6; pfr >,;;;,;;;
Fjjatagcfl pfaj-ac ifpatfl 9,;;;,;;;
^htfachj hfrcacms 9,6;;,;;;

5. [ Igdpfcy pfys [:;,;;;,;;; ac ifs` egr Y Igdpfcy, ac fc fiquasatagc prgphrly rhpgrthj fs f

stftutgry dhrmhr. [ rhigrjs mggjwall ge?

f. [60,;;;,;;;
n. [6=,9;;,;;;
i. [ 1,;;;,;;;
j. [ :,9;;,;;;

FCY ? I
^ftagcflh? [1,;;;,;;; 4 [:;,;;;,;;; ’ ([6,;;;,;;; + [98,;;;,;;; + [>,;;;,;;; + [69,;;;,;;; -
[>;,;;;,;;;).

=. Cgw fssudh [ Igdpfcy pfys [9;,;;;,;;; ac ifs` tg fiquarh Y Igdpfcy, ac fc fiquasatagc prgphrly
rhpgrthj fs f stftutgry dhrmhr. [ rhigrjs f mfac gc fiquasatagc ge?

f. _hrg
n. [6,;;;,;;;
i. [6,=;;,;;;
 j. [ 8,=;;,;;;

FCY ? N
^ftagcflh? [(6,;;;,;;;) 4 [9;,;;;,;;; ’ ([6,;;;,;;; + [98,;;;,;;; + [>,;;;,;;; + [69,;;;,;;; -
[>;,;;;,;;;).

0.Nfts Aci, f chw igrpgrftagc egrdhj fcj grmfcazhj nhifush ge t`h rhihct igcsglajftagc ge AA Aci, fcj OO
Aci., s`fll assuh 6;% pfrtaiapftacm prhehrrhj stgibs wat` f pfr vfluh ge [6;; egr AA fcj OO cht fsshts
igctranutagc,
fcj igddgc s`frhs wat` f pfr vfluh ge [8; egr t`h jaeehrhcih nhtwhhc t`h tgtfl s`frhs tg nh assuhj fcj
t`h prhehrrhj s`frhj assuhj. Z`h tgtfl s`frhs tg nh assuhj ny Nfts s`fll nh hquavflhct tg fvhrfmh fccufl
hfrcacms ifpatflazhj ft 6;%. ^hlhvfct jftf gc AA fcj OO egllgws?

AA OO

Zgtfl fsshts [=>;,;;; [1>6,5;;

Zgtfl lafnalatahs :9>,;;; 9:8,5;;

Fccufl hfrcacms(fvhrfmh) :5,;0; 51,6>;

Z`h tgtfl prhehrrhj s`frhs tg nh assuhj fcj t`h fdguct ge mggjwall tg nh rhigmcazhj ny Nfts frh?

f. [rhehrrhj s`frhs? 0,5:; Mggjwall? [>00,;;;

n. [rhehrrhj s`frhs? 8,=5; Mggjwall? [>00,;;;

i. [rhehrrhj s`frhs? >,00; Mggjwall? [05:,;;;

j. [rhehrrhj s`frhs? =,>0; Mggjwall? [05:,;;;

F CY ]H ^ ? F
AA OO ZGZFL

Fvhrfmh fccufl hfrcacms [ :5,;0; [ 51,6>; [ 668,>;;

Javajhj ny? Ifpatflazhj ft 6;%

Zgtfl stgib tg nh assuhj [6,68>,;;;

Mggjwall (egr Igddgc Ytgib) 05:,;;;

[rhehrrhj stgib (sfdh wat` Cht Fsshts)?

05:,;;;/[6;; pfr 0,5:; s`frhs

1.Igdpfcahs F fcj N jhiajh tg igcsglajfth. Fssht fcj hstadfthj fccufl hfrcacms igctranutagcs frh
fs egllgws?

Ig.F Ig. N Ig.I

Cht fssht igctranutagc [9;;,;;; [:;;,;;; [=;;,;;;

Hstadfthj fccufl hfrcacms 8;,;;; 0;,;;; 69;,;;;

igctranutagc

Ytgib`gljhrs ge t`h twg igdpfcahs fmrhh t`ft f sacmlh ilfss ge stgib nh assuhj, t`ft t`har igctranutagcs nh
dhfsurhj ny cht fsshts plus fllgwfcihs egr mggjwall, fcj t`ft 6;% nh igcsajhrhj fs f cgrdfl rfth ge rhturc.
Hfrcacms ac hxihss ge t`h cgrdfl rfth ge rhturc s`fll nh ifpatflazhj ft >;% ac ifliulftacm mggjwall. At wfs flsg
fmrhhj t`ft fut`grazhs ifpatfl stgib ge t`h chw igdpfcy s`fll nh >;,;;; s`frhs wat` f pfr vfluh ge [6;; f
s`frh.

]`ft as fdguct ge mggjwall irhjathj tg Ig. F, fcj t`h tgtfl igctranutagc ge Ig.N(cht fsshts plus mggjwall) —

f. [6;;,;;;2 [:;;,;;; i. [6;;,;;;2 [5;;,;;;

n. [68;,;;;2[8;;,;;; j. [>;;,;;;2 [5;;,;;;

F CY ]H ^ ? I

Igdpfcy F Igdpfcy N

Cht Fssht Igctranutagc [9;;,;;; [:;;,;;;

Fjj? [8;,;;; [0;,;;;

Mggjwall Fvhrfmh/Fccufl Hfrcacms

Lhss? Cgrdfl Hfrcacms (6;%ge cht 9;,;;; :;,;;;

fssht)

Hxihss hfrcacms [>;,;;; [:;,;;;

Javajhj ny? Ifpatflazhj ft >;% >;%

Mggjwall [6;;,;;; [>;;,;;;

Zgtfl igctranutagc(stgib tg [:;;,;;; [5;;,;;;

nh assuhj

6;. Dflfbfs Igdpfcy fiquarhj fll ge Dfmfcjf Igrpgrftagc's fsshts fcj lafnalatahs gc Ofcufry >,>;69, ac f
nusachss igdnacftagc. Ft t`ft jfth, Dfmfcjf rhpgrthj fsshts wat` f nggb vfluh ge [5>:,;;; fcj lafnalatahs ge
[985,;;;. Dflfbfs cgthj t`ft Dfmfcjf `fj [:;,;;; ge rhshfri` fcj jhvhlgpdhct igsts gc ats nggbs ft t`h
fiquastagc jfth t`ft jaj cgt fpphfr tg nh ge vfluh. Dflfbfs flsg jhthrdachj t`ft pfthcts jhvhlgphj ny
Dfmfcjf `fj f efar vfluh ge [6>;,;;; nut `fj cgt nhhc rhigrjhj ny Dfmfcjf. Hxihpt egr nualjacm fcj
hquapdhct, Dflfbfs jhthrdachj t`h efar vfluh ge fll gt`hr fsshts fcj lafnalatahs rhpgrthj ny Dfmfcjf
fpprgxadfthj Dflfbfs rhigrjhj fdgucts. Ac rhigrjacm t`h trfcsehr ge fsshts fcj lafnalatahs tg ats nggbs,
Dflfbfs rhigrjhj mggjwall ge [19,;;;. Dflfbfs pfaj [86=,;;; tg fiquarh Dfmfcjf's fssht fcj lafnalatahs.
Ae t`h nggb vfluh ge Dfmfcjf's nualjacms fcj hquapdhct wfs [9:6,;;; ft t`h jfth ge fiquasatagc, w`ft
wfs t`har efar vfluh7
f. [::6,;;;
n. [:6=,;;;
i. [9:6,;;;
j. [:6=,;;;
Fcswhr? N.
Yglutagc
Igdputftagc ge Efar Ufluh
Fdguct pfaj [86=,;;;
Nggb Ufluh ge fsshts [5>:,;;;
Nggb Ufluh ge lafnalatahs.
(985,;;;)
Nggb Ufluh ge cht fsshts.
[>50,;;; Fjoustdhct egr ^fcjJ
igsts. (:;,;;;) Fjousthj nggb vfluh.
[>>0,;;;
Efar vfluh ge pfthct. 6>;,;;;
Mggjwall rhigrjhj. 19,;;; (::6,;;;)
Efar vfluh acirhdhct ge
nualjacm fcj hquapdhct [=5,;;;
Nggb vfluh ge nualjacm fcj Hquapdhct. 9:6,;;;
Efar Ufluh ge nualjacms fcj hquapdhct
[:6=,;;;
66. ^ai`frj Ltj. fcj Lawfy Ltj. frh twg efdaly gwchj aih irhfd prgjuiacm igdpfcahs ac [fdpfcmf. ^ai`frj
Ltj. as gwchj ny t`h Dhlfj efdaly, w`alh t`h Nfsalag efdaly gwcs Lawfy Ltj. Z`h Dhlfj efdaly `fs gcly gch
sgc. fcj `h as hcmfmhj tg nh dfrrahj tg t`h jfum`thr ge Nfsalag efdaly. Nhifush t`h sgc iurrhctly dfcfmacm
Lawfy Ltj., at as prgpgshj t`ft `h nh fllgwhj tg dfcfmh ngt` igdpfcahs fethr t`h whjjacm. Fs f rhsult, at as
fmrhhj ny t`h twg efdalahs t`ft ^ai`frj fcj Ltj. s`gulj tfbh gvhr t`h cht fsshts ge Lawfy Ltj.

Z`h nflfcih s`hht ft Lawfy Ltj. addhjafthly pragr tg t`h tfbhgvhr as fs egllgws?

Ifrryacm Fdguct Efar

Ufluh Fiigucts rhihavfnlh [>;,;;; [ >;,;;;

Acvhctgry 6:;,;;; 6>8,;;;
Lfcj 5>;,;;; 0:;,;;;
Nualjacms (cht) 89;,;;; 88;,;;;
Efrd hquapdhct (cht) 95;,;;; 95:,;;;
Arramftagc hquapdhct (cht) >>;,;;; >>8,;;;
Uh`ailhs (cht) 65;,;;; 6=>,;;;
Zgtfl fsshts [>,;8;,;;;

Fiigucts pfyfnlh [0;,;;; [ 0;,;;;

Lgfc-Dhtrgnfcb :0;,;;; :0;,;;;
Y`frh ifpatfl 5=;,;;;
^htfachj hfrcacms 0>;,;;;
Zgtfl [>,;8;,;;;
Z`h tfbhgvhr fmrhhdhct sphiaeahj t`h egllgwacm jhtfals?

* ^ai`frj Ltj. as tg fiquarh fll t`h fsshts ge Lawfy Ltj. fcj hxihpt gch ge t`h vh`ailhs (`fvacm f
ifrryacm fdguct ge [:8,;;; fcj ge efar vfluh ge [:0,;;;) fcj fssudh fll t`h lafnalatahs hxihpt egr t`h
lgfc ergd Dhtrgnfcb. Lawfy Ltj. as t`hc tg mg, actg laquajftagc.
* Ifs` ft [>;,;;;, `fle tg nh pfaj gc jfth ge hxi`fcmh fcj `fle ac gch yhfr's tadh. Z`h
acirhdhctfl ngrrgwacm rfth as 6;% phr fccud (prhshct vfluh egr [6 ft 6;% egr 6 phragj as
;.1;1;16).

Yupply
*cgt nhhc ge f pfthct rhlftacm
rhigmcazhj tg t`h dfcuefiturh
ac t`h rhigrjs ge Lawfy Ltj. ge aih irhfd.
nhifush Z`as `fs
at rhsulthj f efar
ergd vfluh ge [5;,;;;
fc acthrcflly nut `fs
mhchrfthj
rhshfri`
prgohit.
* ^ai`frj Ltj. as tg supply sueeaiahct ifs` tg hcfnlh t`h jhnt tg Dhtrgnfcb tg nh pfaj egr fcj tg igvhr
t`h laquajftagc igsts ge [8,8;;. at wall flsg mavh [68;. ;;; tg nh jastranuthj tg Dr. fc Drs. Dhlfj tg
fssasts ac pfyacm t`h whjjacm igsts.
* ^ai`frj Ltj. as flsg tg mavh f pahih ge ats gwc pradh lfcj tg Lawfy Ltj. tg nh jastranuthj tg Dr fcj Drs.
Dhlfj, t`as hvhctuflly nhacm fvfalfnlh tg nh mavhc tg fcy geespracm ge t`h egrt`igdacm dfrrafmh. Z`h pahih ge
lfcj ac quhstagc `fs f ifrryacm fdguct ge [0;,;;; fcj f efar vfluh ge [>>;,;;;.
* ^ai`frj Ltj. as tg assuh 1;,;;; s`frhs, t`hsh `fvacm f efar vfluh ge [6: phr s`frh, tg nh jastranuthj vaf
Lawfy Ltj. tg t`h sggc tg-nh-dfrrahj-jfum`thr ge Dr. fcj Drs. Dhlfj, w`g as iurrhctly f s`frh`gljhr ac
Lawfy Ltj.

Z`h tfbhgvhr prgihhjhj fs phr t`h fmrhhdhct wat` ^ai`frj Ltj. aciurracm aciajhctfl fiquasatagc igsts ge
[>8,;;;, w`alh t`hrh whrh [ 60,;;; s`frh assuh igsts.

Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall gr (nfrmfac puri`fsh

mfac)? f. [:8.50>
n. =;,50>
i. 660,50>
j. [(6;1,060)
Fcswhr? F
Yglutagc
Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj?
Y`frhs? (1;.;;; x [6: phr s`frh) [6,>5;,;;;
Ifs`? [fyfnlh Cgw >;,;;;
Jhehrrhj ([>;,;;; x ;.1;1;16) 60,60>
[fthct 5;,;;;
Ifs` (tg Dhtrgnfcb) :0;,;;;
Laquajftagc igsts 8,8;;
]hjjacm igsts 68;,;;;
Lfcj >>;,;;; [>,>69,50>
Lhss? Efar vfluh ge cht ajhctaeafnlh fsshts
fiquarhj. Fiigucts rhihavfnlh [>;,;;;
Acvhctgry 6>8,;;;
Lfcj 0:;,;;;
Nualjacms 88;,;;;
Efrd hquapdhct 95:,;;;
Arramftagc hquapdhct >>8,;;;
Uh`ailhs ( [6=>,;;; - [:0;,;;;) 6>:,;;;
Fiigucts pfyfnlh (0;,;;;) >,650,;;;
Mggjwall [:8,50>
6>. Z`h Ngy Mhgrmh, Igdpfcy fiquarhj t`h cht fsshts ge t`h Marl Igcrfj Igdpfcy gc Ofcufry 6, >;68, fcj
dfjh t`h egllgwacm hctry tg rhigrj t`h puri`fsh?
Iurrhct Fsshts6;;,;;;
Hquapdhct 68;,;;;
Lfcj 8;,;;;
Nualjacms 9;;,;;;
Mggjwall 6;;,;;;
Lafnalatahs 0;,;;;
Igddgc stgib,[6 pfr 6;;.;;;
[faj ac ifpatfl ac hxihss ft pfr 8>;,;;;

Fssudacm t`ft fjjatagcfl s`frhs gc Ofcufry 6, >;6= wgulj nh assuhj gc t`ft jfth tg igdphcsfth egr fcy
efll ac t`h vfluh ft Ngy Mhgrmh igddgc stgib nhlgw [65 phr s`frh. Z`h shttlhdhct wgulj nh tg iurh t`h
jheaiahciy ny assuacm fjjhj s`frhs nfshj gc t`har efar vfluh gc Ofcufry 6,>;6=. Z`h efar praih ge t`h
s`frhs gc Ofcufry 6, >;6= wfs [6;.

]`ft as t`h fjjatagcfl cudnhr ge s`frhs assuhj gc Ofcufry 6, >;6= tg igdphcsfth egr fcy efll ac t`h vfluh
ft t`h stgib7

f. 65;,;;;
n. 6;;,;;;
i. 5;,;;;
j. 6;,;;;
Fcswhr? I
Yglutagc
Jheaiahciy? ([65 - [6;) x6;;,;;; s`frhs assuhj tg fiquarh

[5;;,;;; Javajhj ny? efar vfluhge s`frh [ 6;

Fjjatagcfl cudnhr ge s`frhs tg assuhj 5;,;;;

Fcgt`hr hxfdplh ft igctacmhciahs as w`hrh t`h fiquarhr assuhs tg t`h fiquarhh fcj t`h fiquarhh as
igcihrchj t`ft t`h assuh ge t`hsh s`frhs dfy dfbh t`h dfrbht praih ft t`h fiquarhr -s s`frhs jhilach gvhr
tadh.

Z`hrhegrh t`h fiquarhr dfy geehr fjjatagcfl ifs` gr s`frhs ae t`h dfrbht praih eflls nhlgw sphiaeahj fdguct
gvhr f sphiaeai phragj ge tadh.

69. Efy fiquarhs fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge Dfy Igdpfcy gc Ofcufry 6,>;65. Zg gntfac t`hsh s`frhs, Efy
pfys [:;;,;;; fcj assuhs 6;,;;; s`frhs ge [>; pfr vfluh igddgc stgib gc t`as jfth. Efy's stgib `fj f
efar vfluh ge [95 phr s`frh gc t`ft jfth. Efy flsg pfys [68,;;; tg f lgifl acvhstdhct eard egr frrfcmacm t`h
trfcsfitagc. Fc fjjatagcfl [6;,;;; wfs pfaj ny Efy ac stgib assufcih igsts.
Z`h nggb vfluhs egr ngt` Efy fcj Dfy fs ge Ofcufry 6,>;65 egllgw. Z`h efar vfluh ge hfi` ge Efy fcj Dfy
fiigunts as flsg acilujhj. Ac fjjatagc, Dfy `gljs f eully fdgrtazhj trfjhdfrb t`ft stall rhtfacs [:;,;;;
vfluh. Z`h eamurhs nhlgw frh ac t`gusfcjs. Fcy rhlfthj quhstagcs flsg ac t`gusfcjs.
Dfy Igdpfcy
Efy, Aci. Nggb Ufluh Efar Ufluh
Ifs` [1;; [0; [0;
^hihavfnlhs :0; 60; 65;
Acvhctgry 55; >5; 9;;
Lfcj 9;; 6>; 69;
Nualjacms(cht) 6,>;; >>; >0;
Hquapdhct(cht) 95; 6;; =8
Fiigucts [fyfnlh :0; 5; 5;
Lgcm-thrd lafnalatahs 6,6:; 9:; 9;;
Igddgc Ytgib 6,>;; 0;
^htfachj hfrcacms 6,;0; :0;
Fssudacm t`h igdnacftagc as fiigucthj egr fs fc fiqusatagc, addhjafthly fethr t`h fiquasatagc, ac t`h nflfcih
s`hht ge Efy?

f]f. `[f8t8fdguct waill.n[h=r;hpgrthj

egr mggjwall7 n. 58 j. 698

Fcswhr? F.
Igcsajhrftagc Zrfcsehrrhj?
Ifs` [:;;
Y`frhs (6;,;;;x95) 95;
Zgtfl [=5;
Lhss? Efar vfluh ge cht ajhc. fsshts fiquarhj
Ifs` [0;
^hihavfnlhs 65;
Acvhctgry 9;;
Lfcj 69;
Nualjacms(cht) >0;
Hquapdhct(cht) =8
Zrfjhdfrb :;
Fiigucts [fyfnlh (5;
)
Lgcm-thrd lafnalatahs (9;;) =;8
Mggjwall [ 88

6:. Xsacm t`h sfdh acegrdftagc ac Cg. 6, w`ft fdguct wall nh rhpgrthj egr rhtfachj
hfrcacms7 f. [6,;58 i. [6,8>8
n. 6,;0; j. 6,85;

Fcswhr? F.
Fiquarhr - Efy (ft nggb vfluh) [6,;0;
Lhss? Fiquasatagc-rhlfthj igsts 68
Fiquarhh - Dfy (cgt fiquarhj) ;
^htfachj Hfrcacms [6,;5
8
68. Xsacm t`h sfdh acegrdftagc ac Cg. 6, w`ft fdguct wall nh rhpgrthj egr ifs` fethr t`h puri`fsh trfcsfitagc7
f. i. [0=8
[10;
n. [1;; j. [888

Fcswhr? J.
Fiquarhr - Efy (ft nggb vfluh) [1;;
Lhss? Ifs` pfaj tg fiquarh cht fsshts ge Dfy :;;
Fiquasatagc-rhlfthj igsts 68
Ytgib assufcih igsts 6;
Fiquarhh - Dfy (efar vfluh) 0;
Ifs` [888

65. Uallhcf Igdpfcy assuhj ats igddgc stgib egr t`h cht fsshts ge ]ycgcf Igdpfcy ac f nusachss
igdnacftagc trhfthj fs fc fiquasatagc. Uallhcf's igddgc stgib assuhj wfs wgrt` [ 6,8;;,;;;. Ft t`h jfth ge
igdnacftagc, Uallhcf's cht fsshts `fj f nggb vfluh ge [ 6,5;;,;;; fcj f efar vfluh ge [ >,;;;,;;; 2 ]ycgcf's
cht fsshts `fj f nggb vfluh ge [ 18;,;;; fcj f efar vfluh ge [ 6,6;;,;;;. Addhjafthly egllgwacm t`h
igdnacftagc, t`h cht fsshts ge t`h igdnachj igdpfcy s`gulj `fvh nhhc rhpgrthj ft w`ft

fdguct7 f. [ 9,8;;,;;; n. [ 9,6;;,;;; i. [ :,>;;,;;; j. [ >,88;,;;;

Fcswhr? n. [

9,6;;,;;; Yglutagc?

Fiquasatagc Igst [

6,8;;,;;; Lhss? Efar Ufluh ge

Ajhctaeafnlh

Fsshts Fiquarhj 6,6;;,;;;

Mggjwall [ :;;,;;;

Uallhcf's Cht Fsshts ft Nggb Ufluh 6,5;;,;;;

]ycgcf's Cht Fsshts ft Efar Ufluh

6,6;;,;;; Zgtfl Fsshts Fethr Igdnacftagc [

9,6;;,;;;

6=. Gc Ouly 6, >;6:, Zrhcih Igdpfcy fiquarhj t`h cht fsshts ge t`h Qfsshr Igdpfcy egr f praih ge [
:>,;;;,;;;. Ft t`h fiquasatagc jfth t`h ifrryacm vfluh ge Qfsshr's cht fssht wfs [ 98,;;;,;;;. Ft t`h
fiquasatagc jfth f prgvasagcfl efar vfluh ge t`h cht fsshts wfs [ 9=,;;;,;;;. Fc fjjatagcfl vfluftagc rhihavhj
gc Fpral 9;, >;68 acirhfshj t`h prgvasagcfl vfluh tg [ 90,8;;,;;; fcj gc Ouly 96, >;68 t`as efar vfluh wfs
eacflazhj ft [ :;,;;;,;;;.

]`ft fdguct s`gulj Zrhcih Igdpfcy prhshct t`h mggjwall ac ats stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc ft
Jhihdnhr 96, >;687

f. [ >,;;;,;;; n. [ =,;;;,;;; i. [ 9,8;;,;;; j. [ 8,;;;,;;;

Fcswhr? i. [

9,8;;,;;; Yglutagc?

Fiquasatagc Igst [

:>,;;;,;;; Efar Ufluh ge Ajhctaeafnlh

Fsshts Fiquarhj 90,8;;,;;;

Mggjwall [ 9,8;;,;;;

Athds 60-61 frh nfshj gc t`h egllgwacm jftf?

Ytfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc pgsatagc rhelhitacm ucaegrd fiiguctacm prgihjurhs l, fs whll fs efarh vfluh t`ft
frh tg nh ushj fs nfsas ge t`h igdnacftagc frh prhpfrhj gc Yhpthdnhr 6, >;65 fs egllgws?

Igdpfcy FihIgdpfcy NhhIgdpfcy IajFsshts

[8,>8;,;;;[5,0;;,;;;[1;;,;;;Lafnalatahs [9,1;;,;;;[>,5;;,;;; [:0;,;;;Ifpatfl stgib, fll [68 pfr
6,1;;,;;; 6,:;;,;;;:=8,;;;Fjjatagcfl pfaj-ac ifpatfl :;;,;;;:;,;;;^htfachj hfrcacms(jheaiat) (:8;,;;;)
>,:;;,;;;(18,;;;)Zgtfl hquatahs[8,>8;,;;;[5,0;;,;;;[1;;,;;;

Fih Igdpfcy s`frhs `fvh f dfrbht vfluh ge [>> phr s`frh. Dfrbht vfluhs as cgt fvfalfnlh egr s`frhs ge Nhh
Igdpfcy fcj Iaj Igdpfcy .

Gc Yhpthdnhr 6, >;65 Fih Igdpfcy fiquarhs fll ge t`h fsshts fcj fssudhs t`h lafnalaty ge Nhh Igdpfcy
fcj Iaj Igdpfcy ny assuacm [>;;,;;; s`frhs ge ats stgib tg Nhh Igdpfcy fcjpfaj >1,;;; s`frhs ge ats
stgib tg Iaj Igdpfcy. Fih Igdpfcy pfys [6;,;;; egr rhmasthracm fcj assuacm shiuratahs fcj [>;,;;; egr
gt`hr fiquasatagc igsts igdnacftagc.

60. ]`ft as t`h mggjwall tg nh rhigrjhj Fih Igdpfcy gc Yhpthdnhr 6,

>;657 f. [::0,;;;
n. [>>;,;;;
i. [:;;,;;;
j. [:60,;;;

61. ]`ft as t`h tgtfl stgib`gljhrs hquaty ac t`h igdnachj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc fethr igdnacftagc
gc Yhpthdnhr 6, >;657

f. [5,:00,;;;
n. [9,>8>,;;;
i. [5,:50,;;;
j. [5,:80,;;;

Yglutagc #60

Fcswhr? J

Nhh Igdpfcy
[raih pfaj [:,:;;,;;;
Cht fsshts. :,>;;,;;;
Mggjwall [ >;;,;;;

Iaj Igdpfcy
[raih pfaj [590,;;;
Cht fsshts :>;,;;;
Mggjwall. [>60,;;;
Zgtfl mggjwall [:60,;;;

Yglutagc #61

Fcswhr? F
Zgtfl Hquaty [6,:8;,;;;
Fjjatagcfl s`frh assufcih 9,:98,;;;
Fjjatagcfl pfaj-ac ifpatfl. 6,5;9,;;;
^hmasthracm fcj assuacm ehh. (6;,;;;)
Gt`hr fiquasatagc igsts . (>;,;;;)
Zgtfl stgib`gljhrs hquaty [5,:80,;;;

>;. Z`h stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc ge N.g.N. Igdpfcy fs ge Jhihdnhr 96, >;69 as fs egllgws?
Fsshts Lafnalatahs fcj Y`frh`gljhr-s
Hquaty
Ifs` 6=8,;;; Iurrhct Lafnalatahs >8;,;;;
Fiigucts ^hihavfnlh >8;,;;; Dgrtmfmh pfyfnlh :8;,;;;
Acvhctgry =>8,;;; Grjacfry Y`frh Ifpatfl >;;,;;;
[rgphrty, plfct fcj hquapdhct 18;,;;; Y`frh [rhdaud :;;,;;;
>,6;;,;;; Fiiudulfthj [rgeats 0;;,;;;
>,6;;,;;;

Gc Jhihdnhr 96, >;69 t`h Zfylgr Ywaet Aci. ngum`t fll ge t`h gutstfcjacm s`frhs ge N.g.N. Igdpfcy egr [
6,0;;,;;; ifs`. Gc t`h jfth ge fiquasatagc, t`h efar dfrbht vfluh ge N.g.N. -s acvhctgrahs wfs [ 5=8,;;;,
w`alh t`h efar vfluh ge N.g.N.-s prgphrty, plfct hquapdhct wfs [ 6,6;;,;;;. Z`h efar vfluh ge fll gt`hr fsshts
fcj lafnalatahs ge N.g.N. whrh hqufl tg t`har nggb vfluhs. Ac fjjatagc, cgt acilujhj fngvh whrh igsts ac-
prgihss rhshfri` fcj jhvhlgpdhct ge N.g.N Igdpfcy fdguctacm tg [ 6;;,;;;.

Mggjwall fdgucthj tg?

f. [ :;;,;;; n. [ 9;;,;;; i. [ >;;,;;; j. [ -;-

Fcs. I
Igcsajhrftagc Zrfcsehrrhj [6,0;;,;;;
Nggb Ufluh ge Cht Fsshts?
Grjacfry Y`frh Ifpatfl [>;;,;;;
Y`frh [rhdaud [:;;,;;;
Fiiudulfthj [rgeats ([0;;b+[6;;b)

[1;;,;;; Fllgifnlh hxihss

[9;;,;;;
Acirhfsh/Jhirhfsh ac fsshts?
Acvhctgry (5=8b-=>8b) [8;,;;;
[.[.H (66;;b-[18;B) ([68;,;;;)
[>;;,;;;

>6. Nrucg Dfrs Igdpfcy fiquarhj Nallngfrj Igdpfcy -s cht fsshts ny assuacm ats gwc [ 6: pfr vfluh
grjacfry s`frhs tgtflacm 8;,;;; s`frhs ft dfrbht praih ge [ 6:.88. Nrucg Dfrs Igdpfcy `fj t`h egllgwacm
hxphcjaturhs aciurrhj?

Eacjhr-s ehh pfaj [ 8;,;;;

[rh-fiquasatagc fujat :;,;;;
ehh, 9;% wfs pfaj
Mhchrfl fjdacastrftavh 68,;;;
igsts
Jgi stfdp pfaj gc 9,8;;
assufcih egr t`h
igdnacftagc
Lhmfl ehhs egr t`h 9>,;;;
igdnacftagc pfaj

Fujat ehhs egr YHI :5,;;;

 rhmastrftagc ge s`frh
assuh YHI rhmastrftagc egr 6;,;;;
t`h s`frh assuh pfaj
Y`frh assufcih 6;,;;;
igstspfaj (acilusavh ge
tfxhs pfaj)

sGt`hr acjarhit igsts pfaj 65,;;;

Z`h tgtfl fdguct jhnathj tg hxphcsh s`gulj nh

f. [ 689,;;; n. [ 685,8;; i. [ 618,;;; j. [ 616,8;;

Fcs. J

Eacjhr-s ehh pfaj [ 8;,;;;

[rh-fiquasatagc fujat ehh, :;,;;;
9;% wfs pfaj
Jgi stfdp pfaj gc 9,8;;
assufcih egr t`h
igdnacftagc
Lhmfl ehhs egr 9>,;;;
t`h igdnacftagc
pfaj Fujat ehhs :5,;;;
egr YHI
6;,;;;
rYhHmIastrhfmtaagsctrfgtea
gsc`fegrhr ta`sshuh 6;,;;;
s`frh assuh pfaj [616,8;
Y`frh assufcih ;
igstspfaj (acilusavh ge
tfxhs pfaj)

>>. Gc 6 Jhihdnhr >;68, Ifsag Ltj. fiquarhj fll t`h fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge Furgrf Ltj. ]at` Ifsag Ltj.
Assuacm 6;;, ;;; s`frhs tg fiquarh t`hsh cht fsshts. Z`h efar vfluh ge Furgrf Ltj.-s fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ft
t`as jfth whrh?

Ifs` [8;, ;;;

Eurcaturh fcj eattacms >;, ;;;
Fiigucts rhihavfnlh 8, ;;;
[lfct 6>8, ;;;
Fiigucts pfyfnlh 68, ;;;
Iurrhct tfx lafnalaty 0, ;;;
[rgvasagc egr fccufl lhfvh >, ;;;

Z`h eacfciafl yhfr egr Ifsag Ltj. as Ofcufry ’ Jhihdnhr.

Z`h efar vfluh ge hfi` Ifsag Ltj. Y`frh ft fiquasatagc jfth as [6.1;. Ft fiquasatagc jfth, t`h fiquarhr igulj
gcly jhthrdach f prgvasagcfl efar vfluh egr t`h plfct. Gc 6 Dfri` >;65, Ifsag Ltj. rhihavhj t`h eacfl vfluh
ergd t`h acjhphcjhct fpprfasfl, t`h efar vfluh ft fiquasatagc jfth nhacm [696, ;;;. Fssudacm t`h plfct `fj
eurt`hr eavh-yhfr laeh ergd t`h fiquasatagc jfth.

Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall frasacm ergd t`h nusachss igdnacftagc ge Jhihdnhr 6, >;68?
f. [68, ;;;
n. [1,;;;
i. [8,;;;
j. ;
Fcs? N
Yglutagc
?
Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj (6;;, ;;; s`frhs x [6.1;) [61;, ;;;
Lhss? efar vfluh ge cht ajhctaeafnlh fsshts fiquarhj?
Ifs` [8;, ;;;
Eurcaturh fcj eattacms >, ;;;
Fiigucts rhihavfnlh 8, ;;;
[lfct 696, ;;;
Fiigucts pfyfnlh (68, ;;;)
Iurrhct tfx lafnalaty (0, ;;;)

MggjwalLl afnalatahs
(>, ;;;) [610, ;
6;,;;

Gch ge t`h prgnlhds t`ft dfy frash ac dhfsuracm t`h fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge t`h fiquarhh as t`ft t`h acatafl
fiiguctacm egr t`h nusachss igdnacftagc dfy nh acigdplhth ny t`h hcj ge t`h rhpgrtacm phragj. Egr hxfdplh,
t`h fiquasatagc jfth dfy nh Fumust 60 fcj t`h hcj ge rhpgrtacm phragj dfy nh Fumust 96.

Ac t`as satuftagc, ac fiigrjfcih wat` pfr. :8, t`h fiquarhr dust rhpgrt prgvasagcfl fdgucts ac ats eacfciafl
stfthdhcts. Z`h prgvasagcfl fdgucts wall nh nhst hstadfths fcj wall chhj tg nh fjousthj tg efar vfluhs w`hc
t`gsh fdgucts ifc nh jhthrdachj fethr t`h hcj ge t`h rhpgrtacm phragj. Z`h dhfsurhdhct phragj ac w`ai`
t`h fjoustdhcts ifc nh dfjh ifccgt hxihhj gch yhfr fethr t`h fiquasatagc jfth.

Z`h ifrryacm fdguct ge t`h plfct dust nh ifliulfthj fs ae ats efar vfluh ft t`h fiquasatagc jfth `fs nhhc
rhigmcazhj ergd t`ft jfth, wat` fc fjoustdhct tg mggjwall.

Ae t`h plfct `fj f 8-yhfr laeh ergd t`h fiquasatagc jfths. Ifsag Ltj. wgulj `fvh i`frmhj jhprhiaftagc egr 6
dgct` ac >;68. Hxtrf jhprhiaftagc ge [6;; nhacm [5, ;;; ý 8 yhfrs x 6/6> as rhquarhj ac >;65.

Z`h fjoustacm hctry ft Dfri` 6, >;65

as? (Fjoustdhct egr prgvasagcfl
fiiguctacm) [lfct5, ;;;
Mggjwall5, ;;;

(Fjoustdhct tg jhprhiaftagc juh tg prgvasagcfl fiiguctacm)

^htfachj hfrcacms, 6/6/656;;
Fiiudulfthj jhprhiaftagc6;;

Ae jhprhiaftagc `fs nhhc ifliulfthj dgct`ly egr >;65, eurt`hr fjoustdhcts wgulj nh rhquarhj.

>9. Ofch Ltj., f supplahr ge scggbhr hquapdhct, fmrhhj tg nh fiquarh t`h nusachss ge f ravfl eard, Dhriy Ltj.
tfbacm gvhr fll fsshts fcj lafnalatahs fs ft 6 Ouch >;65.

Z`h praih fmrhhj upgc wfs [:;, ;;;, pfyfnlh [>;, ;;; ifs` fcj t`h nflfcih ny t`h assuh tg t`h shllacm
igdpfcy ge [65, ;;; eully pfaj s`frhj ac Ofch Ltj. t`hsh s`frhs `fvacm f efar vfluh ge [>.8 phr s`frh.

Z`h trafl nflfcihs ge t`h twg igdpfcahs fs ft 6 Ouch >;65 whrh fs egllgws (ac t`gusfcj phsg)?

Ofch Ltj. Dhriy Ltj.

Jr. Ir. Jr. Ir.
Y`frh ifpatfl [6;; [1;
^htfachj hfrcacms 6> [>:
Fiigucts pfyfnlh > >;
Ifs` [9; -
[lfct (cht) 8; 9;
Acvhctgry 6: >5
Fiigucts rhihavfnlh 0 >;
Mgvhrcdhct
Mggjwall ngcjs 6>
- -
6;
 [66: [66: [66; [66;

Fll t`h ajhctaeafnlh cht fsshts ge Dhriy Ltj. whrh rhigrjhj ny Dhriy Ltj. ft efar vfluh hxihpt egr t`h acvhctgry
w`ai` wfs igcsajhrhj tg nh wgrt` [>0, ;;;. Z`h plfct `fj fc hxphithj rhdfacacm laeh ge eavh yhfrs.

Z`h nusachss igdnacftagc wfs igdplhthj fcj Dhriy Ltj. whct actg laquajftagc. Igst ge laquajftagc fdgucthj
tg [6, ;;;. Ofch Ltj. aciurrhj aciajhctfl igsts ge [8;;. Igst ge assuacm s`frhs ac Ofch Ltj. whrh [:;;.

Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall?

f. [;
n. [>,;;;
i. [>, 1;;
j. [9, 1;;

Fcs. ?N
Yglutagc
?

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj?
Ifs` [>;, ;;;
Y`frhs?65, ;;; s`frhsx [>.8; :;, ;;; [5;, ;;;

Lhss? efar vfluh ge cht ajhctaeafnlh fsshts fiquarhj?

[lfct 9;, ;;;
Acvhctgry >0, ;;;
Fiigucts rhihavfnlh 8, ;;;
[lfct >;, ;;;
Fiigucts pfyfnlh (>;, ;;;) 80, ;;;
Mggjwall [>, ;;;

At s`gulj nh cgthj t`ft fiquasatagc-rhlfthj igsts as cgt t`h sfdh wat` laquajftagc-rhlfthj igsts hvhc t`gum` t`h
igcshquhcih ge fiquasatagc as laquajftagc ge t`h fiquarhh. Fcy igsts ge laquajftagc gr ge sadalfr athd pfaj gr
s upplahj ny t`h fiquar hr s`gulj nh pfrt ge t`h igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj egr rhfsgc t`ft at wfs acthcjhj tg
igdplhth t`h prgihss ge laquajftagc. Z`h rhfsgc egr sui` acilusagc as t`ft t`h igcsajhrftagc rhihavhj ergd t`h
fiquarhr dfy nh ushj tg pfy egr lafnalatahs cgt fssudhj ny t`h fiquarhr fcj egr laquajftagc hxphcshs w`ai` as
tfctfdguct egr ucrhigrjhj lafnalatahs ergd laquajftagc pgact ge vahw. Z`hsh athds s`gulj cgt nh igceushj wat`
fiquasatagc-rhlfthj igsts fs cgthj hfrlahr w`ai` frh igcsajhrhj gutram`t hxphcshs. Eurt`hr, fcy laquajftagc
igsts gr sadalfr athd w`ai` wfs cgt ge t`h sfdh satuftagc fs dhctagchj fngvh s`gulj nh trhfthj fs
hxphcshs.

]`hc at laquajfths, igsts ge laquajftagc pfaj ny t`h fiquarhh s`gulj nh egr t`h fiiguct ge t`h fiquarh fcj
wall nh hvhctuflly trfcsehrrhj tg stgib`gljhrs- hquaty fiiguct. Z`as pfydhct dfjh s`gulj igcsajhrhj
hxphcshs ny t`h fiquarhh ac t`h prgihss ge laquajftagc cgt uclabh pfydhct supplahj fcj dfjh ny t`h
fiquarhr w`ai` as acthcjhj egr fcy ucrhigrjhj hxphcshs.

Efat` Igdpfcy as fiquaracm t`h cht fsshts ge Lgvh Igdpfcy egr fc fmrhhj upgc praih ge [6;;;,;;; gc
Fpral 6,>;6:. Z`h vfluh wfs thctftavhly fssamchj fs egllgws?

Iurrhct Fsshts [ 6;;,;;;

Lfcj =;,;;;
Hquapdhct - 8 yhfr laeh 9;;,;;;
Nualjacm ->; yhfr laeh 8;;,;;;
Iurrhct Lafnalatahs (>;;,;;;)
Mggjwall >9;,;;;

Ufluhs
dgct`.whrh
Z`h sunohit tg i`fcmh juracm t`h dhfsurhdhct phragj. Jhprhiaftagc as tfbhc
dhfsurhdhct phragj hxparhj gc Fpral 6, >;68 ft w`ai` tadh t`h efar vfluhtg
get`h
t`hchfrhst
 hquapdhct fcj nualjacm fs ge fiquasatagc jfth whrh rhvashj tg >0;,;;; fcj 5;;,;;;, rhsphitavhly.
>:. @gw dui` tgtfl jhprhiaftagc hxphcsh wall nh rhigrjhj egr
>;68. f. 08,;;;
n. 05,;;;
i. 09,8;;
j. 05,8;;

Fcs.
N
NHuqauljapacdmh5c;t 98;5,;;;
;>,0;;,;/;>;/8
05,;;
>8. @gw dui` mggjwall as prhshcthj ac >;68 stfthdhct
; ge eacfciafl
pgsatagc7 f. >9;,;;;
n. 60;,;;;
i. 68;,;;;
j. >;;,;;;

Fcs. I
Fmrhhj praih 6,;;;,;;;
Lhss? efar vfluh ge chtfsshts
(6,;8;,;;;->;;,;;;) 08;,;;;
68;,;;
;
>5. ]hstpgrt Ltj. f suplahr ge scggbhr hquapdhct, fmrhhj tg fiquarh t`h nusachss ge f ravfl eard, Dfcubfu Ltj.
tfbacm gvhr fll fsshts fcj lafnalatahs fs ft 6Ouch >;x:.
Z`h praih fmrhhj upgc wfs [:;,;;;, pfyfnlh [>;,;;; ifs` fcj t`h nflfcih ny t`h assuh tg t`h shllacm
igdpfcy ge [65,;;; eully pfaj s`frhs ac ]hstpgrt Ltj. t`hsh s`frhs `fvacm f efar vfluh ge [>.8; phr s`frh.
Z`h trafl nflfcihs ge t`h twg igdpfcahs ff ft 6 Ouch >;x: whrh fs egllgws?
]hstpgrt Ltj Dfcubfu Ltj.

Y`frh ifpatfl [6;;,;;; [ 1;,;;;

^htfachj hfrcacm 6>,;;; [ >:,;;;
Fiigucts pfyfnlhs >,;;; >;,;;;
Ifs` [ 9;,;;; -
[lfct 8;,;;; 9;,;;;
Acvhctgry 6:,;;; >5,;;;
Fiigucts rhihavfnlh 0,;;;
Mgvhrcdhct ngcjs 6>,;;; >;, ;;;
-
Mggjwall ---- 6;,;;;
[ 66:,;;; [ 66:,;;; [ 66;,;;; [ 66;,;;;

Fll t`h ajhctaeafnlh cht fsshts ge Dfcubfu Ltj. whrh rhigrjhj ny dfcubfu Ltj. Ft efar vfluh hxihpt egr t`h
acvhctgry w`ai` wfs igcsajhrhj tg nh wgrt` [>0,;;;. Z`h plfct `fj fc hxphithj rhdfacacm laeh ge eavh yhfrs.
Z`h nusachss igdnacftagc wfs igdplhthj fcj Dfcubfu Ltj. whct actg laquajftagc. ]hstpgrt Ltj. Aciurrhj
aciajhctfl igsts ge [8;; ac rhlftagc tg t`h fiquasatagc igst. Igst ge assuacm s`frhs ac ]hspgrt Ltj. whrh [:;;.
Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall tg?

F. Cal gr
zhrg N.
[>,8;1
I. [>,1;;
J. [9,1;;
FCY]H^?
N

Igst ge acvhstdhct {>;,;;; + (65,;;;

[ 5;,8;;
s`frhs x [>.8;) + 8;; aciajhctfl
igst}
Lhss? dfrbt vfluh ge cht fsshts fiquarhj? [ 9;,;;;
[lfct >0,;;;
Acvhctgry 8,;;;
Fiiguct rhihavfnlh >;,;;;
[lfct (>;,;;;)
Fiigucts pfyfnlh
80,;;;
Mggjwall [ >,8;;

>=. Nfts Aci., f chw igrpgrftagc egrdhj fcj grmfcazhj nhifush ge t`h rhihct igcsglajftagcge AA Aci. fcj OO
Aci., s`fll assuh 6;% pfrtaiapftacm prhehrrhj stgibs wat` f pfr vfluh ge [6;; egr fll AA fcjOO cht fsshts
igctranutagcs, fcj igddgc s`frhs wat` f pfr vfluh ge [8; egr t`h jaeehrhcih nhtwhhc t`h tgtfl s`frhs tg nh
assuhj fcj t`h prheehrhj s`frhj tg nh assuhj. Z`h tgtfl s`frhs tg nh assuhj ny Nfts s`fll nh hquavflhct tg
fvhrfmh fccufl hfrcacms ifpatflazhj ft 6;%. ^hlhvfct jftf gc AA fcj OO egllgws?
AA OO
Zgtfl fsshts.................................... [=>;,;;; [1>6,5;;
Zgtfl lafnalatahs................................ :9>,;;; 9:8,5;;
Fccufl hfrcacms (fvhrfmh)............ :5,;0; 51,6>;

Z`h tgtfl prhehrrhj s`frhs tg nh assuhj fcj t`h fdguct ge mggjwall tg nh rhigmcazhj ny Nfts frh?
F. [rhehrrhj s`frhs? 0,5:; Mggjwall? [>00,;;;
N. [rhehrrhj s`frhs? 8,=5; Mggjwall? [>00,;;;
I. [rhehrrhj s`frhs? >,00; Mggjwall? [05:,;;;
J. [rhehrrhj s`frhs? =,>0; Mggjwall? [05:,;;;

FCY]H^? F

AA OO Zgtfl
Fvhrfmh fccufl frcacms [ :5,;0; [ 51,6> [ 668,>;;
;
Javajhj ny? ifpatflazhj ft 6;%
Zgtfl stgib tg nh assuhj [ 6,68>,;;;
Lhss? cht fsshts(egr 05:,;;;
[/Y)
Mggjwall (egr igddgc
[ >00,;;;
s[trghiehb)rrhj stgib (sfdh
wat`
Cht fsshts)?05:,;;;/6;; 0,5:; s`frhs

>0. Igrdgrfct Igrpgrftlgc pfaj 0;;,;;; egr f :;% Acthrhst ac [ludfmh Igdpfcy gc Ofcufry 6, >;;8 w`hc
[ludfmh's stgib`gljhr's hquaty wfs fs egllgws?

6;% iudulftavh prhehrrhj stgib, $6;; pfr Y 8;;,;;;

Igddgc stgib, $6; pfr vfluh Y
9;;,;;;
Gt`hr pfaj-Ac ifpatfl Y :;;,;;;
^htfachj hfrcacms Y 0;;,;;;
Zgtfl stgib`gljhrs- hquaty Y >,;;;,;;;

Gc t`as jfth, t`h nggb vfluhs ge [ludfmh's fsshts fcj lafnalatahs hquflhj t`har efar vfluhs fcj t`hrh whrh cg
javajhcjs Ac frrhfrs. Mggjwall ergd t`h acvhstdhct as
 f.Y ;.
n. 68;,;;;.
i. >;;,;;;.
j. Cgch ge t`h fngvh ls igrrhit.

Fcswhr? j

Igst ge Igrdgrfct's
acvhstdhct? Lhss? nggb vfluh $ 0;;,;;;
fiquarhj?
Zgtfl hquaty $ >,;;;,;;;
Lhss? [rhehrrhj hquaty $ 8;;,;;;
Cht igddgc hquaty $ 6,8;;,;;;
x phrihct fiquarhj :;%
4 [ludfmh nggb vfluh $ 5;;,;;; $ 5;;,;;;
Mggjwall $ >;;,;;;
>1. Gc Ehnrufry 8, [rygr Igrpgrftagc pfaj $6,5;;,;;; egr fll t`h assuhj fcj gutstfcjacm igddgc stgib ge
Y`fw, Aci., ac f trfcsfitagc prgphrly fiigucthj egr fs fc fiquasatagc. Z`h nggb vfluhs fcj efar vfluhs ge
Y`fw's fsshts fcj lafnalatahs gc Ehnrufry 8 whrh fs egllgws?

Acvhctgry 968,;;;
N ggb Ufluh 9;;,;;;
Efar Ufluh
[lfct fcj hquapdhct (cht) 0>;,;;; 1>;,;;;
I^fhsi`havfnlhs (cht) $606;5,;;;,;;;; $6605;;,;,;;;

Lafnalatahs (98;,;;;) (98;,;;;)

Cht fsshts $6,6>8,;;; $6,>6;,;;;

]`ft as t`h fdguct ge mggjwall rhsultacm ergd t`h nusachss igdnacftagc7

f) $-;-.
n) $:=8,;;;.
i) $08,;;;.
j) $91;,;;;.

Fcswhr? j

EU ge igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj $ 6,5;;,;;;

Lhss? EU ge Cht Fsshts $ 6,>6;,;;;
Mggjwall $ 91;,;;;

Gc Ofcufry 6, >;x8, t`h efar vfluhs ge Iràdh-s cht fsshts whrh fs

egllgws? Iurrhct Fssht [6;;,;;;

Hquapdhct 68;,;;;
Lfcj 8;,;;;
Nualjacms 9;;,;;;
Lafnalatahs 0;,;;;
9;. Gc Ofcufry 6, >;x8, Nrulhh Igdpfcy puri`fshj t`h cht fsshts ge t`h Iràdh Igdpfcy ny
assuacm 6;;,;;; s`frhs ge ats [6 pfr vfluh stgib w`hc t`h efar vfluh ge t`h stgib wfs [5.>;. At wfs eurt`hr
fmrhhj t`ft Nrulhh wgulj pfy fc fjjatagcfl fdguct gc Ofcufry 6, >;x=, ae t`h fvhrfmh acigdh juracm t`h >-
yhfr phragj ge
>;x8->;x5 hxihhjhj [0;,;;; phr yhfr. Z`h hxphithj vfluh ge t`as igcsajhrftagc wfs ifliulfthj fs
[60:,;;;2 t`h dhfsurhdhct phragj as gch yhfr. ]`ft fdguct wall nh rhigrjhj fs mggjwall gc Ofcufry 6,
>;x87
f. _hrg i. [60;,;;;
n. [6;;,;;; j. [>0:,;;;

Fcs? j

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj
Y`frhs? (6;;,;;; s`frhsx [5>;,;;; Igctacmhct
[5.>;) igcsajhrftagc 60:,;;;
Zgtfl [0;:,;;;
Lhss? Iurrhct Fsshts (ftefar vfluhs) [6;;,;;;
Hquapdhct 68;,;;;
Lfcj 8;,;;;
Nualjacms 9;;,;;;
Lafnalatahs ( 0;,;;;) 8>;,;;;
Mggjwall [>0:,;;;

96. Gc Ouly 6, >;x8 Z`h Ytrfw Igdpfcy fiquarhj 6;;% ge t`h Nhrry Igdpfcy egr f igcsajhrftagc
trfcsehrrhj ge [65; Dallagc. Ft t`h fiquasatagc jfth t`h ifrryacm fdguct ge Nhrry -s cht fsshts wfs [6;;
Dallagc. Ft t`h fiquasatagc jfth f prgvasagcfl efar vfluh ge [6>; Dallagc wfs fttranuthj tg t`h cht fsshts. Fc
fjjatagcfl vfluftagc rhihavhj gc Dfy 96, >;x5 acirhfshj t`as prgvasagcfl efar tg [698 Dallagc fcj gc Ouly 9;,
>;x5 t`as efar vfluh wfs eacflazhj ft [6:; Dallagc. ]`ft fdguct s`gulj Ytrfw prhshct egr mggjwall ac ats
stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc gc Jhihdnhr 96, >;x5, fiigrjacm tg [E^Y 9 Nusachss Igdnacftagcs7
f. [>; dallagc i. [8; dallagc
n. [>8 dallagc j. [5; dallagc

Fcs? n

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj [65; dallagc

Efar Ufluh gc Dfy 96, >;x5 698
dallagc Mggjwall [ >8
dallagc

9>. @fzhl Igrp. wfs dhrmhj actg Yhnfstafc Igrp. ac f igdnacftagc prgphrly fiigucthj egr fs fiquasatagc ge
acthrhst. Z`har igcjhcshj s`hhts nhegrh t`h igdnacftagc s`gw?

Yhnfstafc @fzhl

Iurrhct fsshts…………………………………………….. [6,6::,;;; [ 069,0;;

[lfct fcj hquapdhct, >,9>=,;;; 8>;,;;;

cht……………………………… ...
[fthcts…………………………………………………….. - 69;,;;;
 Zgtfl fsshts……………………………………………….. [9,:=6,;;; [6,:59,0;;

Lafnalatahs…………………………………………………. [6,98>,;;; [ 08,0;;

..
Ifpatfl stgib, pfr 6,9;;,;;; 58;,;;;
[6;;………………………………… ..
Fjjatagcfl pfaj-ac 618,;;; 618,;;;
ifpatfl……………………………… ..
^htfachj 5>:,;;; 899,;;;
hfrcacms……………………………………......

Zgtfl Lafnalatahs fcj Hquaty………………………………. [9,:=6,;;; [6,:59,0;;

[hr acjhphcjhct fpprfashr-s rhpgrt, @fzhl -s fsshts `fvh efar dfrbht vfluhs ge [0>5, 0;; egr iurrhct fsshts,
[5>:, ;;; egr plfct fcj hquapdhct fcj [651, ;;; egr pfthcts. @fzhl-s lafnalatahs frh prgphrly vfluhj.
Yhnfstafc puri`fshs @fzhl-s cht fsshts egr [6, 89:,;;;. @gw s`gulj t`h jaeehrhcih nhtwhhc t`h nggb vfluh
ge @fzhl-s cht fsshts fcj t`h igcsajhrftagc pfaj ny Yhnfstafc nh igcsajhrhj7

f. Mggjwall? [ ; 2 Acirhfsh ac Fsshts? [685,;;;

n. Mggjwall? [ ; 2 Acirhfsh ac Fsshts? [96>,;;;

i. Mggjwall? [651,;;; 2 Acirhfsh ac Fsshts? [685,;;;

j. Mggjwall? [651,;;; 2 Acirhfsh ac Fsshts? [

=0,;;; FCY]H^? (f)

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj………………...

[6,89:,;;; Lhss? Dfrbht vfluh ge cht fsshts fiquarhj, hxilujacm M]?

Iurrhct
[0>5,0;;
fsshts……………………...
[lfct fcj
hquapdhct………………. 5>:,;;;

[fthcts……………………………… 651,;;;

Lafnalatahs……………………………. (08,0;;) 6,89:,;;;

Mggjwall…………………………………… [ -;- (f)

 Nggb Efar Acirhfsh

Ufluh Ufluh (Jhirhfsh)

Iurrhct Fsshts………………. [069,0;; [0>5,0;; [ 69,;;;

[lfct fcj Hquapdhct……….. 8>;,;;; 5>:,;;; 6;:,;;;

[fthcts……………………….. 69;,;;; 651,;;; 91,;;;

Acirhfsh ac f shts…………… [685,;;; (f)

99. Gc Jhihdnhr >;68, Fmulfc Ig. fiquarhj fll t`h fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge Zgquhrg Ig. wat` Fmulfc
Ig. assuacm 68;,;;; s`frhs tg fiquarh t`hsh cht fsshts. Z`h efar vfluh ge Zgquhrg Ig.-s fsshts fcj
lafnalatahs ft t`as jfth whrh?

Ifs`…………………………………………………………… [=8,;;;

Fiigucts rhihavfnlh………………………………………… . =,8;;

Eax fcj Eurcaturhs ……………………………………………. 9;,;;;

[lfct fcj Hquapdhct………………………………………… 60=,8;;

Fiigucts pfyfnlh…………………………………………… .. >>,8;;

Iurrhct tfx lafnalaty…………………………………………… . 6>,;;;

[rgvasagc egr fccufl lhfvh …………………………………… 9,;;;

Z`h eacfciafl yhfr egr Fmulfc Ig. as Ofcufry ’ Jhihdnhr.

Z`h efar vfluh ge hfi` Fmulfc Ig. s`frh ft fiquasatagc jfth as [>. Ft fiquasatagc jfth, t`h fiquarhr
igulj gcly jhthrdach f prgvasagcfl efar vfluh egr t`h plfct fcj hquapdhct. Gc Dfri` 6, >;65, Fmulfc
Ig. rhihavhj t`h eacfl vfluh ergd t`h acjhphcjhct fpprfasfl, t`h efar vfluh ft fiquasatagc jfth nhacm
[615,8;;. Fssudacm t`h plfct fcj hquapdhct `fj f eurt`hr eavh-yhfr laeh ergd t`h fiquasatagc jfth.

Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall frasacm ergd t`h nusachss igdnacftagc ft Jhihdnhr 6, >;68?

f. [ ;
 n. [60,=8;

i. [9=,8;;

j. [9;,8;;

FCY]H^?
(i)

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj (68;,;;; s`frhs x [>) [9;;,;;;

Lhss? Efar vfluh ge cht ajhctaeafnlh
fsshts fiquarhj?

Ifs`……………………………………………. [ =8,;;;

Fiigucts rhihavfnlh………………………… .. =,8;;

Eax fcj Eurcaturh……………………………… 9;,;;;

[lfct fcj Hquapdhct………………………… 60=,8;;

Fiigucts pfyfnlh…………………………….. ( >>,8;;)

Iurrhct tfx lafnalaty…………………………… ( 6>,;;;)

Lafnalatahs………………………………………. ( 9,;;;) >5>,8;;

Mggjwall……………………………………………… [9=,8;;

9:. @gdhr Ltj. as shhbacm tg hxpfcj ats s`frh ge t`h wajmhts dfrbht fcj `fs chmgtafthj tg tfbh gvhr t`h
gphrftagcs ge Zfc Ltj. gc Ofcufry 6, >;x:. Z`h nflfcih s`hhts ge t`h twg igdpfcahs fs ft Jhihdnhr 96,
>;x: whrh fs egllgws?
@gdhr Zfc
Ifs` [ >9,;;; [ 6>,;;;
^hihavfnlhs >8,;;; 9:,=;;
Acvhctgry 98,8;; >=,5;;
Erhh`glj Lfcj 68;,;;; 6;;,;;;
Nualjacms (cht) 5;,;;; 9;,;;;
[lfct fcj hquapdhct (cht) 58,;;; :5,;;;
Mggjwall >8,;;; >,;;;
[909,8;; [>8>,9;;

Fiigucts pfyfnlh [ 85,;;; [ :9,8;;

Dgrtmfmh lgfc 8;,;;; :;,;;;
Jhnhcturhs 6;;,;;; 8;,;;;
Igddgc stgib, 6;;,;;; s`frhs 6;;, ;;;
Igddgc stgib, 5;,;;; s`frhs 5;,;;;
Fjjatagcfl pfaj-ac ifpatfl >0,8;; >5,0;;
^htfachj hfrcacms :1,;;; 9>,;;;
 [ 909,8;; [ >8>,9;;

@gdhr Ltj. as tg fiquarh fll t`h fsshts, hxihpt ifs` ge Zfc Ltj. Z`h fsshts ge Zfc frh fll rhigrjhj ft efar
vfluh hxihpt?
Efar Ufluh
Acvhctgry [ 91,;;;
Erhh`glj lfcj 69;,;;;
Nualjacms :;,;;;

lc hxi`fcmh, @gdhr Ltj. as tg prgvajh sueeaiahct hxtrf ifs` tg fllgw Zfc Ltj. tg rhpfy fll ge ats gutstfcjacm
jhnts fcj ats laquajftagc igsts ge [>,:;;, plus twg eully pfaj s`frhs ac @gdhr Ltj. egr hvhry t`rhh s`frhs `hlj
ac Zfc Ltj. Z`h efar vfluh ge f s`frh ac @fstacms Ltj. as [9>;. Fc acvhstamftagc ny t`h laquajftgr ge Zfc Ltj.
rhvhfls t`ft gc Jhihdnhr 96, >;x9, t`h egllgwdm gutstfcjacm jhnts whrh gutstfcjacm nut `fj cgt
nhhc rhigrjhj?

Fiigucts pfyfnlh [6,5;;

Dgrtmfmh acthrhst :,;;;

Z`h jhnhcturhs assuhj ny Zfc Ltj. frh tg nh rhjhhdhj ft f 8% prhdaud. Igsts ge assuacm t`h s`frhs whrh
[6,>;;.

tZ`h achixgidhshssgtfe tehfdar hvcftluash? ge cht fsshts gvhr igst gr mfac gc fiquasatagc t`ft wall nh
rhigmcazhj addhjafthly ac

f. Cal gr
_hrg n.
[6=,=;;
i. [>1,=;;
j. [9:,9;;

FCY]H^? I

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj?
Y`frhs? >/9 x 5;,;;; x [9.>;. 6>0,;;;
Ifs`
Fiigucts pfyfnlh. :8,6;;
Dgrtmfmh fcj acthrhst ::,;;;
Jhnhcturhs fcj prhdaud 8>,8;;
Laquajftagc hxphcshs >,:;;
6::,;;;
Ifs` `hlj (6>,;;;) 69>,;;;
>5;,;;;
Lhss? Efar vfluh ge fsshts fcj lafnalatahs fiquarhj?
Fiigucts rhihavfnlh [9:,=;;
Acvhctgry 91,;;;
Erhh`glj lfcj 69;,;;;
Nualjacms :;,;;;
[lfct fcj hquapdhct :5,;;; >01,=;;
Nfrmfac [uri`fsh Mfac [ >1,=;;
98.. ]hstpgrt Ltj., f supplahr ge scggbhr hquapdhct, fmrhhj tg fiquarh t`h nusachss ge f ravfl eard, Dfcubfu
Ltj. tfbacm gvhr fll fsshts fcj lafnalatahs fs ft 6 Ouch >;x:.

Z`h praih fmrhhj upgc wfs [:;,;;;, pfyfnlh [>;,;;; ifs` fcj t`h nflfcih ny t`h assuh tg t`h
shllacm igdpfcy ge 65,;;; eully pfaj s`frhs ac ]hstpgrt Ltj. t`hsh s`frhs `fvacm f efar vfluh ge [>.8; phr
s`frh.

Z`h trafl nflfcihs ge t`h twg igdpfcahs fs ft 6 Ouch >;x: whrh fs egllgws.

]hstpgrt Ltj. Dfcubfu Ltj.

Jr. Ir. Jr. Ir.
Y`frh ifpatfl [6;;,;;; [ 1;,;;;
^htfachj hfrcacms 6>,;;; [ >:,;;;
Fiigucts pfyfnlh >,;;; >;,;;;
Ifs` [9;,;;; -
[lfct (cht) 8;,;;; 9;,;;;
Acvhctgry 6:,;;; >5,;;;
Fiigucts rhihavfnlh 0,;;; >;,;;;
Mgvhrcdhct ngcjs 6>,;;; -
Mggjwall - - .
[66:,;;; [66:,;;; [66;,;;; [66;,;;;
Fll t`h ajhctaeafnlh cht fsshts ge Dfcubfu Ltj. whrh rhigrjhj ny Dfcubfu Ltj. ft efar vfluh hxihpt egr t`h
acvhctgry w`ai` wfs igcsajhrhj tg nh wgrt` [>0,;;;. Z`h plfct `fj fc hxphithj rhdfacacm laeh ge eavh yhfrs.

Z`h nusachss igdnacftagc wfs igdplhthj fcj Dfcubfu Ltj. whct actg laquajftagc. ]hstpgrt Ltj. aciurrhj
aciajhctfl igsts ge [8;; ac rhlftagc tg t`h fiquasatagc igsts. Igsts ge assuacm s`frhs ac ]hstpgrt Ltj. whrh
[:;;. Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall tg?

f. Cal gr
zhrg n.
[>,8;;
i. [>,1;;
j. [9,1;;

FCY]H^?

Igst ge Acvhstdhct
R[>;,;;; + (65,;;; s`frhs x [>.8;) + [8;;, aciajhctfl igsts) [
5;,8;; Lhss? Dfrbht vfluh ge cht fsshts fiquarhj?
[lfct [ 9;,;;;
Acvhctgry >0,;;;
Fiigucts rhihavfnlh 8,;;;
[lfct >;,;;;
Fiigucts pfyfnlh ( >;,;;;) 80,;;;
Mggjwall [ >,8;;

]`hc at laquajfths, igsts ge laquajftagc pfaj ny t`h fiquarhh s`gulj nh egr t`h laquajftagc fiiguct ge t`h
fiquarhh fcj wall hvhctuflly nh trfcsehrrhj tg s`frh`gljhrs- hquaty fiiguct. Fcy igsts ge
laquajftagc pfaj gr supplahj ny t`h fiquarhr s`gulj nh ifpatflazhj fs igst ge fiquasatagc w`ai` sthct wat` t`h
igst dgjhl ucjhr
[E^Y Cg. 9 ac dhfsuracm t`h igst ge t`h igdnacftagc.
Fcy jarhit igsts ge fiquasatagc s`gulj nh ifpatflazfnlh ucjhr t`h igst dgjhl rhathrfthj ac [E^Y Cg. 9 [`fsh
A. Z`as dgjhl ac [E^Y Cg. 9 wall nh fdhcjhj ucjhr [`fsh AA (phcjacm adplhdhctftagc pgssanly uctal hfrly
>;;0), w`hrhac fll jarhit igsts wall nh gutram`t hxphcsh. Igsts ge assuacm s`frhs wall nh jhnathj tg s`frh
prhdaud gr F[AI fiiguct.

Fcy igsts ge laquajftagc pfaj gr supplahj ny t`h fiquarhr s`gulj nh ifpatflazhj fs igst ge fiquasatagc w`ai` as
igcsasthct wat` t`h igst dgjhl ucjhr [E^Y Cg. 9 ac dhfsuracm t`h igst ge t`h igdnacftagc. Z`h efar vfluhs
ge
lafnalatahs ucjhrtfbhc frh nhst dhfsurhj ny t`h prhshct vfluhs ge euturh ifs` gutelgws. Actfcmanlh fsshts frh
rhigmcazhj w`hc ats efar vfluh ifc nh dhfsurhj rhlafnly. Fsshts gt`hr t`fc actfcmanlh fsshts dust
nh
rhigmcazhj ae at as prgnfnlh t`ft t`h euturh higcgdai nhcheats wall elgw tg t`h fiquarhr fcj ats efar vfluh ifc nh
dhfsurhj rhlafnly.

95. Dfcmg Igdpfcy fiquarhj Fpplh Igdpfcy gc Ofcufry >, >;65 ny assuacm igddgc s`frhs. Fll ge
Fpplh -s fsshts fcj lafnalatahs whrh addhjafthly trfcsehrrhj tg Dfcmg Igdpfcy w`ai` rhpgrthj tgtfl pfr
vfluh ge s`frhs gutstfcjacm ge [>60,:;; fcj [9>=,5;; fcj fjjatagcfl pfaj-ac ifpatfl ge [9=;,;;; fcj
[58;,0;; addhjafthly nhegrh fcj fethr t`h nusachss igdnacftagc, rhsphitavhly.
Fssudacm t`ft Dfcmg-s igddgc stgib `fj f dfrbht ge [>8 phr s`frh ft t`h tadh ge fiquasatagc, w`ft
cudnhr ge s`frhs wfs assuhj7

f. 68,5;;

n. 6;,;;;
i. 68,5;;
j. 6;,;;;

Fcswhr? I
[fr vfluh ge s`frhs gutstfcjacm egllgwacm dhrmhr [9>=,5;;
[faj-ac ifpatfl egllgwacm dhrmhr 58;,0;;
Zgtfl efar vfluh ge pfaj-ac ifpatfl [1=0,:;;
[fr vfluh ge s`frhs gutstfcjacm nhegrh dhrmhr [>60,:;;

A[cfiarjh-facshifacpapt flrnvhfeglurh 9=;,;;;

fdchjrpmfharj-ac ifpatfl Javajhj ny (800,:;;
praih phr s`frh [)91;,;;;
Cudnhr ge s`frhs assuhj [>8

9=. Z`h stgib`gljhr-s hquatahs ge Dalbatf Igrpgrftagc fcj Bhfcu Igdpfcy ft Ouch 6,>;65 nhegrh
igdnacftagc whrh fs egllgws?

Dalbatf Bhfcu

Ifpatfl Ytgib, [6;; pfr vfluh [6;,;;;,;;; [9,;;;,;;;

F[AI 8;,;;; -
^htfachj Hfrcacms 8,;;;,;;; 6,;;;,;;;

9=.Gc Ouch >,>;65, Dalbatf Igrpgrftagc assuhj 8;,;;; ge ats ucassuhj s`frhs wat` f dfrbht vfluh ge [6;9 phr
s`frh egr t`h fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge Bhfcu Igdpfcy. Gc t`h sfdh jfy Dalbatf Igrpgrftagc pfaj [6;;,;;; egr
lhmfl ehhs, jgiudhctfry stfdp tfx ge [>;,;;; fcj [61;,;;; egr YHI rhmastrftagc ehhs ge hquaty shiuratahs.

Y`frh`gljhr-s hquaty wgulj acilujh ?

f. [68,;;;,;;; Ifpatfl Ytgib 2 [:,1;;,;;; ^htfachj hfrcacms 2 [6;,;;; Ytgib assufcih igst
n. [68,;;;,;;; Ifpatfl stgib 2 [6;,;;; F[AI 2 [:,00;,;;; ^htfachj hfrcacms

i. [68,68;,;;; Ifpatfl Ytgib 2 [8;,;;; F[AI 2[ :,51;,;;; ^htfachj hfrcacms

j. [68,;;;,;;; Ifpatfl Ytgib 2 [>;;,;;; F[AI 2 [:,51;,;;; ^htfachj

hfrcacms Fcswhr ? F
Ifpatfl stgib?
Nhegrh igdnacftagc [6;,;;;,;;;
Assuhj ft pfr (8;,;;; x [6;;) 8,;;;,;;; [68,;;;,;;;
F[AI?
Nhegrh igdnacftagc 8;,;;;
Assufcih ([9 x 8;,;;;) 68;,;;;
Jgiudhctfry stfdp tfx ( >;,;;;
)
YHI ^hmastrftagc ehhs ( 60;,;;;) --;‚
^htfachj hfrcacms?
Nhegrh igdnacftagc 8,;;;,;;;
Lhmfl ehhs ( 6;;,;;; ) :,1;;,;;;
Ytgib assufcih igst ([61;,;;;+>;,;;;->;;,;;;) ( 6;,;;; )
-
Ytgib`gljhr s hquaty [61,01;,;;;
90. ^hj Igdpfcy assuhj ats igddgc stgib egr t`h cht fsshts ge Nluh Igdpfcy ac f nusachss
igdnacftagc trhfthj fs fiquasatagc. ^hj-s igddgc stgib assuhj wfs wgrt` [6,8;;,;;;. Ft t`h jfth
ge igdnacftagc, ^hj-s cht fsshts `fj f nggb vfluh ge [6,5;;,;;; fcj f efar vfluh ge [6,0;;,;;;.
Nluh-s cht fsshts `fj f nggb vfluh ge [=;;,;;; fcj f efar vfluh ge [08;,;;;. Addhjafthly egllgwacm
t`h igdnacftagc, t`h cht fsshts ge t`h igdnachj igdpfcy s`gulj `fvh nhhc rhpgrthj ft w`ft
fdguct7 f. [9,;;;,;;;
n. [>,:;;,;;;
i. [9,6;;,;;;
j. [6,08;,;;;

FCY]H^? I
^ftagcflh
Fiquasatagc Igst [6,8;;,;;;
Cht fsshts 08;,;;;
fiquarhj
Mggjwall 58;,;;;
^hj-s cht fsshts KNU 6,5;;,;;;
Nluh-s cht fsshts KEU 08;,;;;
Zgtfl cht fsshts

[9,6;;,;;;

91. Dftf Aci. puri`fshj fll ge t`h cht fsshts ge Zgrrflnf Igdpfcy gc Ehnrufry 6,>;68 ny assuacm
0,;;; s`frhs ge ats [>; pfr igddgc stgib. Ft t`h tadh, t`h stgib wfs shllacm egr [:; phr s`frh.
Jarhit igsts fssgiafthj wat` igcsuddftacm t`h igdnacftagc tgtfllhj [8,;;;. Xcjhr AE^Y 9, w`ft
tgtfl fdguct s`gulj t`h cht fsshts fiquarhj nh rhigrjhj ny Dftf Aci. Fssudacm t`h igctacmhct
igcsajhrftagc ge [=,;;; as jhthrdachj7

FCY]H^? I

^ftagcflh (0,;;; s`frhs P :; 4 [9>;,;;; + =,;;; igctacmhct igcsajhrftagc 4 [9>=,;;;)

:;. [fylf Ig. ]all assuh s`frh ge [6>pfr igddgc stgib egr t`h cht fsshts ge Zflasfy Ig. [fylf -s
igddgc stgib `fs f iurrhct dfrbht vfluh ge [:; phr s`frh. Zflasfy nflfcih s`hht fiigucts egllgw?
Iurrhct Fsshts [8;; ;;; Igddgc stgib, pfr[: ([0; ;;;)
[rgphrty fcj hquapdhct 6 8;; ;;; Fjjatagcflpfaj-ac-ifpatfl(9>;
;;;) Lafnalatahs (:;; ;;;) ^htfachj hfrcacms (:;; ;;;)
Zflasfy iurrhct fsshts fcj prgphrty fcj hquapdhct, rhsphitavhly, frh fpprfashj ge [ :;; ;;; fcj [65;; ;;;2
at-s lafnalatahs frh efarly vfluhj. Fiigrjacmly, [fylf Ig. Assuhj s`frhs ge at -s igddgc stgib wat` tgtfl dfrbht
vff. l8u8h ;h;q;ufl tg t`ft ge Dfx cht fsshts. Zgi.rh:i;g;m;ca;zh mggjwall ge [>;; ;;;, `gw dfcy s`frhs
whrh assuhj7
n. :8 ;;; j. 8; ;;;
Yglutagc
? FCY? N
Efar vfluh ge cht ajhctaeafnlh fsshts fiquarhj?
Iurrhct fsshts [ 8;; ;;;
[rgphrty fcj hquapdhct 6 8;; ;;;
Lafnalatahs (:;; ;;;)
EDU ge cht fsshts [6 5;;
;;; Fjj? Mggjwall >;; ;;;
Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj [6 0;;
;;; Javajhj Ny? Iurrhct dfrbht vfluh phr s`frh [ :;
Cudnhr ge s`frhs assuhj :8 ;;;

:6. Igdpfcahs ge [ fcj O jhiajh tg igcsglajfth. Fssht fcj hstadfthj fccufl hfrcacms igctranutagcs frh fs
egllgws?
Ig. [ Ig. O Zgtfl
Cht fssht igctranutagc [:;; ;;; [98; ;;; [=8; ;;;
Hstadfthj fccufl hfrcacms igctranutagc 0; ;;; =; ;;; 68; ;;;

Ytgib`gljhrs ge t`h twg igdpfcahs fmrhh t`ft f sacmlh ilfss ge stgib nh assuhj, t`ft t`har igctranutagcs nh
dhfsurhj ny cht fsshts plus fllgwfcihs egr mggjwall, fcj t`ft 6;% nh igcsajhrhj fs f cgrdfl rfth ge
rhturc. Hfrcacms ac hxihss ge t`h cgrdfl rfth ge rhturc s`fll nh ifpatflazhj ft >;% ac ifliulftacm mggjwall. At
wfs flsg fmrhhj t`ft t`h fut`grazhj ifpatfl stgib ge t`h chw igrpgrftagc s`fll nh >;,;;; s`frhs wat` f pfr
vfluh ge [6;; f s`frh.
(6)Z`h tgtfl igctranutagc ge Ig. O(cht fsshts plus mggjwall), fcj (>)Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall irhjathj tg Ig.
F? f.(6)[:=8 ;;;2(>)[6;; ;;; i.(6)[8>8 ;;;2(>)[>;; ;;;
n.(6)[8;; ;;;2(>)[68; ;;; j.(6)[5;; ;;;2(>)[6;; ;;;
Yglutagc?
FCY? I
Igdpfcy F Igdpfcy N
Cht Fssht Igctranutagcs [:;; ;;; [98;
;;; Fjj? Mggjwall
Fvhrfmh/Fccufl Hfrcacms [ 0; ;;; [ =; ;;;
Lhss? Cgrdfl
Hfrcacms (6;% gc :; ;;; 98 ;;;
Cht Fssht) [ :; ;;; [ 98
Hxihss Hfrcacms ;;;
Javajhj ny? Ifpatflazhj >;% >;%
ft Mggjwall [ >;; ;;;(i) [ 6=8
Zgtfl Igctranutagc (stgib tgnh assuhj)

:>. FN Igrpgrftagc wfs dhrmhj actg IJ Igrpgrftagc ac f igdnacftagc prgphrly fiigucthj egr fs fiquasatagc
ge acthrhsts. Z`har nflfcih s`hhts nhegrh t`h igdnacftagc frh fs egllgws?
FN Igrp.
Iurrhct Fsshts ...........................................................................[ 0,98>,18;
[lfct fcj Hquapdhct,cht .........................................................5,:8;,=;;
[fthcts............................................................................ -

Zgtfl Fsshts .................................................................................... [ 6:,0;9,58;

ILaffpnaaltaftalhYs.t.g..i..b..,.p..f..r.[...6..;..; ...................[. :8,5,=;6;9,;,5;8;;

Fjjatagcfl pfaj-ac ifpatfl .........................................................18;,;;;
^htfachj Hfrcacms .....................................................................9,8:;,;;;

Zgtfl Lafnalatahs fcj Hquaty ............................................[6:,0;9,58;

IJ Igrp.
Iurrhct Fsshts ...........................................................................[ =,8;8,;;;
[lfct fcj Hquapdhct,cht ........................................................9,69;,:8;
[fthcts ..........................................................................................689,0;;

Zgtfl Fsshts ..................................................................................[6;,=01,>8;

Lafnalatahs.......................................................................[ 191,;;;
Ifpatfl stgib,pfr [6;; ..............................................................9,:;;,;;;
Fjjatagcfl pfaj-ac ifpatfl ...........................................................18;,;;;
^htfachj Hfrcacms ......................................................................8,8;;,>8;

Zgtfl Lafnalatahs fcj Hquaty .............................................[[6;,=01,>8;

[hr-acjhphcjhct fpprfashr-s rhpgrt, t`h efar dfrbht vfluh ge IJ -s iurrhct fsshts as [=,0;0,;;;2 plfct fcj
hqapdhct as [9,:8>,;;;2 fcj pfthcts [>05,1;;. Lafnalatahs ge IJ Igrpgrftagc frh prgphrly vfluhj. FN
Igrpgrftagc puri`fshs t`h cht fsshts ge IJ Igrpgrftagc egr [6;,5;=,1;;. @gw s`gulj t`h jaeehrhcih
nhtwhhc t`h nggb vfluh ge IJ Igrpgrftagc-s cht fsshts fcj t`h igcsajhrftagc pfaj ny FN Igrpgrftagc nh
igcsajhrhj7

F. Mggjwall? [ >05,1;;2 Acirhfsh ac Fsshts? [ =8=58;

N. Mggjwall? [ >05,1;;2 Acirhfsh ac Fsshts? [ 9;9,;;;

I. Mggjwall? [ ;2 Acirhfsh ac Fsshts? [ 9;9,;;;

J. Mggjwall? [ ;2 Acirhfsh ac Fsshts? [ =8=,58;

Fcswhr? J

Igcsajhrftagc Zrfcsehrrhj .................................................................................................................[6;,5;=,1;;

Lhss? Dfrbht vfluh ge cht fsshts fiquarhj, hxilujacm M]?
Iurrhct Fsshts ...................................................................[=,0;0,;;;
[lfct fcj Hquapdhct .......................................................9,:8>,;;;
[fthcts ....................................................................................>05,1;;

Lafnalatahs................................................................. ( 191,;;;) 6;,5;=,1;;

Mggjwall............................................................................ [ -;- (J)

Iurrhct Fsshts [lfct fcj Hquapdhct [fthcts

Nggb vfluh [ =,8;8,;;; [ 9,69;,:8; [
689,0;;
Efar Ufluh =,0;0,;;; 9,:8>,;;; >05,1;;

Acirhfsh(Jhirhfsh) [ 9;9,;;; [ 9>6,88; [

699,6;; ac fsshts
Iurrhct Fsshts [ 9;9,;;;
[lfct fcj Hquapdhct
9>6,88;
[fthcts 699,6;;
[ =8=,58; (J)
Acirhfsh ac Fsshts

:9. Igdpfcahs PP, QQ, fcj __ jhiajh tg igcsglajfth. Z`h pfrtahs tg f igcsglajftagc `fvh t`h egllgwacm jftf?

Cht Fsshts Fvhrfmh fccufl

hfrcacms PP Ig...................... [ 5,0;;,;;; [
50;,;;;
QQ Ig. .................... 9,;;;,;;; :;;,;;;
__ Ig. .................... 6;,>;;,;;; 1>;,;;;

Z`h pfrtahs igllhitavhly fmrhhj t`ft t`h chw igrpgrftagc, ^^ Ig. ]all assuh f sacmlh ilfss ge stgib nfshj
gc t`h hfrcacms rftag. ]`ft as t`h stgib jastranutagc rftag tg igdpfcahs PP, QQ,fcj __ rhsphitavhly7

F. 9:?68?86
N. 99?68?8>
I. 9:?>;?:5
J. 99?>6?:5

Fcswhr? I

PP? [ 50;,;;; 50;,;;;/>,;;;,;;; 4 9:%

QQ? :;;,;;; :;;,;;;/>,;;;,;;; 4 >;%
__? 1>;,;;; 1>;,;;;/>,;;;,;;; 4 :5%

[ >,;;;,;;; 6;;%

::.[fb igdpfcy-s gwcs 8;% ge Mfchrc Igdpfcy -s iudulftavh prhehrhcih s`frhs fcj 9;% ge ats grjacfry
s`frhs.Mfchrc-s s`frhs gutstfcjacm ft Jhihdnhr 96, >;65 acilujh ge 6;% iudulftavh prhehrhcih s`frhs fcj
[:;,;;;,;;; ge grjacfry s`frhs.
Mfchrc rhpgrthj prgear ge [0,;;;,;;; egr t`h yhfr hcjhj Jhihdnhr 96,>;65. Mfchrc jhilfrhj fcj pfaj
[6,8;;,;;; prhehrhcih s`frhs juracm >;65. Mfchrc pfaj cg prhehrhcih s`frhs javajhcj juracm >;68. Gc
Ofcufry 96,>;6=, pragr tg t`h jfth t`ft t`h eacfciafl stfthdhcts frh fut`grazhj tg assuh, Mfchrc jastranuthj
6;% grjacfry s`frh javajhcj.
@gw dui` as t`h tgtfl fdguct tg nh rhigmcazhj ny [fb Igdpfcy ac ats >;65 prgeat fcj lgss rhlfthj tg t`hsh
acvhstdhct7
f. [>,:8;,;;;
n. [>,5;;,;;;
i. [>,=;;,;;;
j. [>,08;,;;;

YFgclsuwtahgrc??J
Mfchrc prgeat [0,;;;,;;;
Dultaplahj ny? pfb igdpfcy-s acthrhst 9;%
[fb Igdpfcy s`frh ac Mfchrc-s prgeat
6,8;;,;;
[>,:;;,;;; Javajhcjs jhilfrhj fcj pfaj ;
Dultaplahj ny? pfb igdpfcy-s acthrhst
Javajhcj acigdh :8;,;;;
[>,08;,;;;
:8. Igdpfcahs Z, M, N, pfrtahs tg igcsglajftagc `fvh t`h egllgwacm jftf?

Z Ig. M. Ig. N. Ig
Cht Fsshts ...........................[:;;, ;;; [5;;, ;;; [6, ;;;, ;;;
Fvhrfmh fccufl hfrcacms…. 5;, ;;; 5;, ;;; 0;, ;;;

Z`h pfrtahs igllhitavhly fmrhhj t`ft t`h chw igrpgrftagc, ^I Ig. wall assuh f sacmlh ilfss ge stgibs nfshj gc
t`h hfrcacms rftag. ]`ft as t`h stgib jastranutagc rftag tg igdpfcahs Z, M, N, rhsphitavhly7

f. >;?9;?8; i. 9;?:;?9;
n. 9;?9;?:; j. :;?:;?9;

FCY]H^?
Erfitag
Z? [5;, ;;; c 4 9;%
5/>;
M? 5;, ;;; 5/>;49;%
N? 0;, ;;; 0/>;4:;%
[>;;, ;;; 6;;%
:5. ]`hc s`gulj f nusachss igdnacftagc nh ucjhrtfbhc7
F. ]`hc f pgsatavh cht prhshct vfluh as mhchrfthj tg t`h s`frh`gljhrs ge fc fiquaracm eard.
N. ]`hc t`h twg eards frh ac t`h sfdh lach ge nusachss, nut higcgdahs ge siflh ifccgt nh fttfachj
ny t`h fiquargr.
I. ]`hc twg eards frh ac jaeehrhct lachs ge nusachss, irhftacm javhrsaeaiftagc.
J. ]`hc ifs` wall nh pfaj egr t`h fiquarhj eard's stgib.

Fcswhr? F.

F nusachss igdnacftagc as nhcheaiafl w`hc t`h rhsult as f pgsatavh C[U. Z`as heehit rhsults ergd sychrmy,
w`ai` hxasts w`hc t`h vfluh ge t`h igdnachj eard hxihhjs t`h sud ge t`h vfluhs ge t`h shpfrfth eards. At
ifc nh jhthrdachj ny usacm t`h rasb-fjousthj rfth tg jasiguct t`h i`fcmh ac ifs` elgws ge t`h chwly egrdhj
hctaty. Ae f pgsatavh cht prhshct vfluh as mhchrfthj, f igdnacftagc as acjaifthj.

Fcswhr (N) as acigrrhit nhifush f igdnacftagc as acjaifthj ae higcgdahs ge siflh ifc nh fttfachj. Fcswhr
(I) as acigrrhit nhifush javhrsaeaiftagc dfy gr dfy cgt rhsult ac f pgsatavh C[U. Fcswhr (J) as acigrrhit
nhifush sgdh nhcheaiafl igdnacftagcs acvglvh hxi`fcmhs ge stgib.

:=. ]`ai` ge t`h egllgwacm stfthdhcts as dgst igrrhit7

f. F eard fiquaracm fcgt`hr eard ac f `grazgctfl dhrmhr wall cgt `fvh ats rhquarhj rfth ge rhturc feehithj
nhifush t`h twg eards wall `fvh sadalfr nhtfs
n. Ac dgst dhrmhrs, t`h nhcheats ge sychrmy fcj t`h praih prhdaud t`h fiquarhr pfys gvhr dfrbht praih frh
suddhj fcj t`hc javajhj hquflly nhtwhhc t`h s`frh`gljhrs ge t`h fiquaracm fcj tfrmht eards
i. Eacfciafl t`hgry sfys t`ft t`h i`gaih ge `gw tg pfy egr f dhrmhr as rhflly arrhlhvfct nhifush, flt`gum` at
dfy feehit t`h eard-s ifpatfl struiturh, at wall cgt feehit t`h eard-s gvhrfll rhquarhj rfth ge rhturc
j. Z`h pradfry rftagcflh egr fcy gphrftacm dhrmhr as sychrmy, nut at as flsg pgssanlh t`ft dhrmhrs ifc acilujh
fsphits ge ngt` gphrftacm fcj eacfciafl dhrmhrs
Fcswhr ? J
:0.F mfac s`gulj nh rhpgrthj gc fc fiquasatagc ae?

f. Z`h efar vfluh ge t`h igcsajhrftagc pfaj as lhss t`fc t`h nggb vfluh ge t`h cht fsshts fiquarhj.
n. Z`h efar vfluh ge t`h igcsajhrftagc pfaj plus t`h prhshct vfluh ge fcy hfrcacms igctacmhciy
as lhss t`fc t`h nggb vfluh ge t`h cht fsshts fiquarhj.
i. Z`h efar vfluh ge t`h igcsajhrftagc pfaj as lhss t`fc t`h efar vfluh ge cht fsshts fiquarhj plus
t`h efar vfluh ge ajhctaeafnlh actfcmanlhs fiquarhj.
j. Z`h efar vfluh ge t`h igcsajhrftagc pfaj plus t`h prhshct vfluh ge fcy hfrcacms igctacmhciy as
lhss t`fc t`h efar vfluh ge ajhctaeafnlh cht fsshts fiquarhj.

FCY? J
:1. Z`h egllgwacm stfthdhcts phrtfacacm tg nusachss igdnacftagc frh cgt truh hxihpt?

f. Z`h pgglacm ge acthrhst dht`gj rhigrjhj t`h fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge t`h fiquarhj igdpfcy ft t`har efar
vfluhs.

n. Ytftutgry dhrmhr rhehrs tg t`h igdnacacm ge twg gr dgrh hxastacm lhmfl hctatahs actg gch chw lhmfl hctaty
w`hrhac t`h prhvagus igdpfcahs frh jassglvhj fcj frh t`hc rhplfihj ny t`h chw igctacuacm igdpfcy.

i. Ac f stgib fiquasatagc, t`h pfrhct fcj t`h sunsajafry `fs t`har gwc shpfrfth eacfciafl rhigrjs fcj
stfthdhcts egr hxthrcfl eacfciafl rhpgrtacm purpgshs.

j. Z`h fiquaracm hcthrprash dfy ac`hrat t`h fiquarhj eard's acheeaiahciahs fcj prgnlhds tgmht`hr wat` ats
acfjhqufth rhsgurihs.

Fcswhr? j

8;. Z`h igst ge rhmasthracm hquaty shiuratahs ac f nusachss igdnacftagc s`gulj nh rhigrjhj fs2
f. Fc acigdh ge t`h phragj
n. fc hxphcsh ge t`h phragj
i. Jhjuitagc ergd fjjatagcfl pfaj ac ifpatfl
j. [frt ge t`h igst ge t`h stgib

fiquarhj Fcswhr? I

JFZH GE FI VXAY AZAGC

6. Ohraihl Igdpfcy `fj igddgc stgib ge [98;,;;; fcj rhtfachj hfrcacms ge [:1;,;;;. Ift`rhch Aci.
`fj igddgc stgib ge [=;;,;;; fcj rhtfachj hfrcacms ge [10;,;;;. Gc Ofcufry 6, >;65, Ift`rhch
assuhj >:,;;; s`frhs ge igddgc stgib wat` f [6> pfr vfluh fcj f [98 efar vfluh egr fll ge Ohraihl
igdpfcy-s igddgc stgib. Z`as igdnacftagc wfs fiigucthj egr fs fc fiquasatagc. Addhjafthly fethr
t`h igdnacftagc, w`ft wfs t`h igcsglajfthj cht fssht7
f. [>0;,;;;
n. [>,8>;,;;;
i. [6,50;,;;;
j. [6,61;,;;;
FCY ? F

Igcsglajfthj Ytgib`gljhr-s Hquaty

Fiquarhr ([frhct-Ift`rhch), nggb vfluh
([=;;,;;; + [10;,;;;) [6,50;,;;;
Fjj? Chwly assuhj s`frhs
 (9:,;;; x [98 efar vfluh) 6,61;,;;;
Fiquarhh (Yunsajafry-Ohraihl) hladacfthj
ac prhpfracm igcsglajfthj nflfcih s`hht.

; [>,0=;,;;;
> .Gc Ofcufry 6, >;65, [frb Igrpgrftagc fcj Ytrfcj Igrpgrftagc fcj t`har igcjhcshj nflfcih s`hht frh fs
egllgws?

[frb Igrp. Ytrfcj Igrp.

Iurrhct Fsshts…………………………………. =;,;;;

>;,;;; Cgc-iurrhct
F shts……………………………. 1;,;;;
:;,;;;

Zgtfl Fsshts…………………………………… 65;,;;; 5;,;;;

IurrhctLafnalatahs……………………………..9;,;;; 6;,;;;
Lgcm thrd jhnt……………………………….. 8;,;;; -
Ytgib`gljhrs- Hquaty…………………………. 0;,;;; 8;,;;;

Zgtfl Lafnalatahs fcj Hquatahs 65;,;;; 5;,;;;

Gc Ofcufry >, >;65.[frb Igrpgrftagc ngrrgwhj 5;,;;; fcj ushj t`h prgihhjs tg gntfac 0;% ge t`h
gutstfcjacm igddgc s`frhs ge Ytrfcj Igrpgrftagc. Z`h fiquasatagc praih wfs igcsajhrhj prgpgrtagcfth tg
Ytrfcj-s efar vfluh. Z`h 5;,;;; jhnt as pfyfnlh ac 6; hqufl fccufl praciapfl pfydhcts, plus acthrhst,
nhmaccacm Jhihdnhr 96, >;65. Z`h hxihss efar vfluh ge t`h acvhstdhct gvhr t`h ucjhrlyacm nggb vfluh ge
t`h fiquarhj cht fsshts as fllgifthj tg acvhctgry (5;%) fcj tg mggjwall (:;%).

Gc f igcsglajfthj nflfcih s`hht fs ge Ofcufry >, >;65, w`ft s`gulj nh t`h fdguct egr hfi` ge t`h egllgwacm7

Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall usacm prgpgrtagcfth nfsas (pfrtafl)?

F . Xsacm t`h sfdh acegrdftagc ac Cg.5;, t`h fdguct ge mggjwall usacm eull efar vfluh.(eull/mrgss-up) nfsas?
f. [ ;
n. 0,;;;
i. 6;,;;;
j.
>;,;;;

FCY?I
Efar vfluh ge Yunsajafry?
Efar vfluh ge igcsajhrftagc mavhc? 5;,;;; x 0;%

=8,;;; Lhss ?Nggb vfluh ge Cht Fsshts/ Ytgib`gljhrs -

Hquaty ge Yunsajafry 8;,;;;
Fllgifthj Hxihss >8,;;;

Lhss? Gvhr/ Xcjhrvfluftagc ge Fsshts fcj Lafnalatahs?

Acirhfsh ac Acvhctgry (>8,;;; x 5;%4 68,;;; x 68,;;
;
6;;%) Mggjwall (eull/mrgss-up)
6;,;;;

*6;;% acirhfsh ge acvhctgry s`gulj fdguct tg 68,;;;/0;%

N .Xsacm t`h sfdh acegrdftagc ac Cg.5;, t`h fdguct ge stgib`gljhrs - hquaty usacm eull efar vfluh (eull/mrgss up
mggjwall) prgpgrtagcfth nfsas tg jhthrdach cgc-igctrgllacm acthrhst s`gulj nh?
f. 0;,;;;
n. 19,;;;
i. 18,;;;
j. 69;,;;;

FCY?I
[frb stgib`gljhrs hquaty 0;,;;;
Cgc-igctrgllacm acthrhst (eull mggjwall)
Ytrfcjstgib`gljhrs- hquaty 8;,;;;
Fjj? Fjoustdhcts tg rhelhit efar vfluh -
acvhctgry 68,;;;

Ytrfcj stgib`gljhrs- hquatyft EU 58,;;;

Cgc-Igctrgllacm acthrhsts >;% 69,;;;

Cgc-Igctrgllacm acthrhsts (pfrtafl) 19,;;;

Fjj? Cgc-Igctrgllacm acthrhst ac eull mggjwall
(6;,;;;-0,;;;) >,;;;

Igcsglajfthj Ytgib`gljhrs- Hquaty 18,;;;

9. Gc Ofcufry >, >;66, [frh Ig. puri`fshj =8% ge Bajj Ig-s gutstfcjacm igddgc stgib. Gc t`ft jfth,
t`h efar vfluh ge t`h >8% cgcigctrgllacm acthrhst wfs [98,;;;. Juracm >;66, Bajj `fj cht acigdh ge
[>;,;;;. Yhlhithj nflfcih s`hht jftf ft Jhihdnhr 96,>;66, as fs egllgws?

[frh Bajj

Zgtfl fsshts [:>;,;;; [60;,;;;

Lafnalatahs [6>;,;;; [5;,;;;

Igddgc stgib 6;;,;;; 8;,;;;

^htfachj Hfrcacms >;;,;;; =;,;;;

Juracm >;66 [frh fcj Bajj pfaj ifs` javajhcjs ge [>8,;;; fcj [8,;;; rhsphitavhly, tg t`har s`frh`gljhrs.
Z`hrh whrh cg gt`hr acthrigdpfcy trfcsfitagcs.

Ac [frh-s Jhihdnhr 96,>;66 igcsglajfthj nflfcih s`hht, w`ft fdguct s`gulj nh rhpgrthj fs cgcigctrgllacm
acthrhst ac cht fsshts7

f. [9;,;;;

n. [98,;;;

i. [90,=8;

j.

[:;,;;;

F CY ]H ^ ? I

Efar vfluh ge cgcigctrgllacm acthrhst [98,;;;

[lus? Y`frh ge cht acigdh (>8% x >;,;;;) 8,;;;
Lhss? Y`frh ge javajhcjs (>8% x 8,;;;)
[90,=8;
(6,>8;) Cgcigctrgllacm acthrhst
:. ]`hc at puri`fshj Yuttgc, Aci. gc Ofcufry 6, >;x6 [fvac Igrpgrftagc assuhj 8;;,;;; s`frhs ge ats [8 pfr
vgtacm igddgc stgib. Gc t`ft jfth t`h efar vfluh ge t`gsh s`frhs tgtflhj [:,>;;,;;;. ^hlfthj tg t`h
fiquasatagc, [fvac `fj pfydhcts tg t`h fttgrchys fcj fiiguctfcts ge [>;;,;;;, fcj stgib assufcih ehhs ge
[6;;,;;;. Addhjafthly pragr tg t`h puri`fsh, t`h hquaty shitagcs ge t`h twg eards fpphfrhj fs egllgws?

[fvac Yuttgc

Igddgc Ytgib [:,;;;,;;; [=;;,;;;

[faj ac ifpatfl ac hxihss ge pfr =,8;;,;;; 1;;,;;;

^htfachj hfrcacms 8,8;;,;;; 8;;,;;;

Zgtfl [6=,;;;,;;; [>,6;;,;;;

Addhjafthly fethr t`h puri`fsh, t`h igcsglajfthj nflfcih s`hht s`gulj rhpgrt pfaj ac ifpatfl ac hxihss ge
pfr ge.

f. [0,1;;,;;;

n. [1,6;;,;;;

i. [1,>;;,;;;

j. [1,9;;,;;;

F CY ]H ^ ? N

EU, stgibs assuhj [ :,>;;,;;;

Lhss? [fr vfluh ge stgibs assuhj (8;;,;;; s`frhs >,8;;,;;;
x [8)

F[AI [ 6,=;;,;;;
Fjj? F[AI ge [ =,8;;,;;;
Lhss? Ytgib assufcih igst 6;;,;;;
[ 1,6;;,;;;

8 .Z`h Dggc Igdpfcy fiquarhj f =;% acthrhst Ac Z`h Ywfc Igdpfcy egr [6,:>;,;;; w`hc t`h efar
vfluh ge Ywfc's ajhctaeafnlh fsshts fcj lfnalatahs wfs [6,>;;,;;;. Dggc fiquarhj f 58% acthrhst Ac Z`h
@gdhr Igdpfcy egr [9;;,;;; w`hc t`h efar vfluh ge @gdhr's ajhctaeafnlh fsshts fcj lafnalatahs wfs
[5:;,;;;.
Dggc dhfsurhs cgc-igctrgllacm acthrhst ft t`h rhlhvfct s`frh ge t`h ajhctaeafnlh cht fsshts ft t`h
fiquasatagc jfth. Chat`hr Ywfc cgr @gdhr `fj fcy igctacmhct lafnalatahs ft t`h fiquasatagc jfth fcj t`h
fngvh efar vfluhs whrh t`h sfdh fs t`h ifrryacm fdgucts ac t`har eacfciafl stfthdhcts. Fccufl
adpfardhct rhvahws `fvh cgt rhsulthj Ac fcy adpfardhct lgsshs nhacm rhigmcazhj.
Xcjhr [E^Y 9 Nussachss igdnacftagcs, w`ft eamurhs ac rhsphit ge mggjwall fcj ge mfacs gc nfrmfac
puri`fshs s`gulj nh acilujhj ac Dggc's igcsglajfthj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc7
f. Mggjwall? [80;,;;;? Mfacs gc t`h nfrmfac puri`fshs? [665,;;;
n. Mggjwall? Cal gr zhrg? Mfacs gc t`h nfrmfac puri`fshs? [665,;;;
i. Mggjwall? Cal gr zhrg2 Mfacs gc t`h nfrmfac puri`fshs? Cal gr zhrg
j. Mggjwall? [80;,;;;? Mfacs gc t`h nfrmfac puri`fshs? Cal gr zhrg
Fcswhr? J
Yglutagc
Efar vfluh ge sunsajafry - Ywfc
Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj [6,:>;.;;;
lhss? Efar vfluh ft ajhctaeafnlh fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge Ywfc
(=;% x [6.> dallagc) 0:;.;;;
Mggjwall (pfrtafl) [80;,;;;
"Mggjwall as ifrrahj fs gc fssht ac t`h igcsglajfthj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc."

Efar vfluh ge Yunsajafry @gdhr

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj [ 9;;. ;;;

lhss? Efar vfluh ft ajhctaeafnlh fsshts fcj Lafnalatahs ge @gdhr

(58% x [5:; ;;;) :65,;;;

Mfac gc nfrmfac puri`fshs [(665,;;;

5. Vuhstagcs F fcj N frh nfshj gc t`h egllgwacm?

]acstgc `fs t`h egllgwacm fiiguct nflfcihs fs ge Ehnrufry 6, >;6:?
Acvhctgry [ 5;;,;;; Igddgc stgib ([6; pfr vfluh) [ 0;;,;;;
Lfcj 8;;,;;; ^htfachj hfrcacms, Ofc. 6,>;6: 6,6;;,;;;
Nualjacms (cht) (EU [6,;;;,;;;) 1;;,;;; ^hvhcuhs 5;;,;;;
Hxphcshs 8;;,;;;
Frlacmtgc pfys [6.: dallagc ifs` fcj assuhs 6;,;;; s`frhs ge as [9; pfr vfluh igddgc stgib (vfluhj
ft [0; phr s`frh) egr fll ge ]acstgc -s gutstfcjacm stgib fcj ]acstgc as jassglvhj. Ytgib assufcih
igsts fdguct tg [9;,;;;. [ragr tg rhigrjacm t`hsh chwly assuhj s`frhs, Frlacmtgc rhpgrts f Igddgc
Ytgib fiiguct ge [1;;,;;; fcj Fjjatagcfl [faj-ac Ifpatfl ge [8;;,;;;.

F. Jhthrdach t`h mggjwall t`ft wgulj nh Acilujhj ac t`h Ehnrufry 6, >;6:, eacfciafl stfthdhct ge

Frlacmtgc. f. [>;;,;;; n. [>9;,;;; i. [6;;,;;; j. [69;,;;;

Fcswhr? I.
Igst ge fiquaracm ]acstgc
Ifs` [6,:;;,;;;
Y`frhs ge stgibs ( 6;,;;; x 0;) 0;;,;;; >,>;;,;;;
Efar vfluh ge cht fsshts fiquarhj?
Acvhctgr [5;;,;;;
y Lfcj 8;;,;;;
Nualjacm 6,;;;,;;; (>,6;;,;;;)
Mggjwall [6;;,;;;

N. Fssudh t`ft Frlacmtgc pfys ifs` ge [>; dallagc. Cg stgib as assuhj. Fc fjjatagcfl :;,;;; As pfaj Ac jarhit
igdnacftagc igsts, jhthrdach t`h cht mfac ergd nusachss igdnacftagc.

f. [6;;,;;; n, [>;;,;;; i. >5;,;;; j. 5;,;;;

Fcswhr? J.
Mfac ergd nusachss igdnacftagc dust nh
[5;,;;;.
Igst ge fiquaracm ]acstgc [>,;;;,;;;
Efar vfluh ge chtfsshts fiquarhj >,6;;,;;;
Fjjatagcfl Igst (:;,;;;)
Cht mfac ergd nusachss igdnacftagc [5;,;;;
=. Gc Jhihdnhr 96, >;68, Yhig Igdpfcy pfaj [ 18;,;;; egr 18% ge t`h gutstfcjacm igddgc stgib ge
Yfcf Igdpfcy. Z`h rhdfacacm 8% wfs `hlj ny f stgib`gljhr w`g wfs ucwallacm tg shll t`h stgib. Yfcf's
cht fsshts `fj f nggb vfluh ge [ 06;,;;; fcj f efar dfrbht vfluh ge [ 1;;,;;; w`hc at wfs fiquarhj ny
Yhig. Ae Yfcf ushs pus`- jgwc fiiguctacm, t`h cgc- igctrgllacm acthrhst s`gulj nh rhpgrthj ft?

f. [ :;,8;; n. [ 8;,;;; i. [ :=,8;; j. [ :8,;;;

Fcswhr? n. [

8;,;;; Yglutagc?

Fiquasatagc Igst [ 18;,;;;

Javajhj ny? 18%
Zgtfl [ 6,;;;,;;;
Dultaplahj ny? 8%
Cgc- igctrgllacm Acthrhst [ 8;,;;;

0. Fdnrgsh Igdpfcy fiquarhs f igctrgllacm acthrhst ac Dgcaif Igdpfcy ac t`h gphc dfrbht egr [ >>;,;
;;. Z`h [ >;; pfr vfluh ifpatfl stgib ge Dgcaif Igdpfcy ft t`h jfth ge fiquasatagc as [ >8;,;;; fcj ats
rhtfachj hfrcacms fdgucts tg [ 6;;,;;;. Z`h dfrbht vfluh phr s`frh ge Dgcaif Igdpfcy as [ >>; phr
s`frh. Ac t`h igcsglajfthj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc gc t`h jfth ge fiquasatagc, cgc- igctrgllacm
acthrhst wgulj s`gw f nflfcih ge?

f. [ 88,;;; n. [ 5;,;;; i. [ 5>,8;; j. [ 8;,;;;

Fcswhr? f. [

88,;;; Yglutagc?

Igctrgllacm ([frhct) Acthrhst?

Y`frhs Fiquarhj ( [ >>;,;;;/ [ >>;) 6,;;;
s`frhs Javajhj ny Y`frhs Gutstfcjacm ( [ >8;,;;;/ [ >;;)/ 6,>8;
[frhct's Acthrhst 0;%
[ >>;,;;;/ 0;% 4 [ >=8,;;;
Cgc- igctrgllacm/ Dacgraty Acthrhst ac Cht Fsshts ge Yunsajafry?
( [ >=8,;;; x >;% ) 4 [ 88,;;;

1. Gc Fumust 96, >;65, Igdpfcy [ fiquarhs =8% (=8;,;;; grjacfry s`frhs) ge Igdpfcy Y egr
[=,8;;,;;; ([6; phr s`frh). Ac t`h phragj frgucj t`h fiquasatagc jfth, Igdpfcy Y's s`frhs frh trfjacm
ft fngut [0 phr s`frh. Igdpfcy [ pfys prhdaud gvhr dfrbht nhifush ge t`h sychrmahs at nhlahvhs at wall
mht. At as t`hrhegrh rhfsgcfnlh tg igcilujh t`ft t`h efar vfluh ge Igdpfcy Y fs f w`glh dfy cgt nh
[6;,;;;,;;;. Ac efit, fc acjhphcjhct vfluftagc s`gws t`ft t`h vfluh ge Igdpfcy Y as [1,=;;,;;; ( efar
vfluh ge Igdpfcy Y). Fssudacm t`ft t`h efar vfluh ge t`h cht ajhctaeafnlh fsshts as [0,;;;,;;; (ifrryacm
vfluh as [5,;;;,;;;)

Mggjwall frasucm gc igcsglajftagc as tg nh vfluhj gc t`h prgpgrtagcfth nfsas gr "[frtafl" Mggjwall?

f. [>;;,;;;
n. [6,8;;,;;;
 i. [6,=;;,;;;
j. [>,;;;,;;;

Fcswhr? N

Efar vfluh ge sunsajafry?

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj?. [=,8;;,;;;

Lhss?nggb vfluh ge Cht fsshts
([5,;;;,;;; x =8%). :,8;;,;;;
Fllgifths hxihss. [9,;;;,;;;
Lhss? gvhr/ucjhr vfluftagc ge Fsshts fcj
Lafnalatahs (([0,;;;,;;; - [5,;;;,;;;) x=8% 6,8;;,;;;

Mggjwall(pfrtafl). [6,8;;,;;;

6;. Dfrb, f pravfth ladathj igdpfcy, `fs frrfcmhj ealgrdfc, f punlai ladathj igdpfcy, tg fiquarh at fs f
dhfcs ge gntfacacm f stgib hxi`fcmh lastacm. Dfc assuh 68 dallagc s`frhs fiquarh t`h w`glh ge t`h s`frh
ifpatfl ge Dfsb (5 dallagc s`frhs). Z`h efar vfluh ge t`h cht fsshts ge Dfsb fcj Dfc frh [9; dallagc fcj
[60 dallagc rhsphitavhly. Z`h efar vfluh ge hfi` ge t`h s`frh ge Dfsb as [5 fcj t`h qugthj dfrbht praih ge
Dfc's s`frh as [>. Z`h s`frh ifpatfl ge Dfc as [>8 dallagc s`frhs ge fiquasatagc. Igdputh t`h vfluh ge
mggjwall ac t`h fngvh fiquasatagc.

fn. [65> dallagc

i. [ 5 dallagc
j. [6; dallagc

Fcswhr? I

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj (:,;;;,;;; s`frhs* x [5)

[>:,;;;,;;; Lhss? nggb vfluh ge hquaty ‚Dfc.

([60,;;;,;;; x 6;;%). 60,;;;,;;;
Fllgifthj hxihss [ 5,;;;,;;;
Lhss? gvhr/ucjhr vfluftagc ge fsshts fcj
lafnalatahs( nggb vfluh sdh efar vfluh). ;

Mggjwall [ 5,;;;,;;

6;;%
Dfc ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ 3 Dfsb
Iurrhctly assuhj . 68D 5;%** 5D 5;%
Fjjatagcfl s`frhs assuhj. 6;D :;% <‚’ :D /:;
%

Zgtfl s`frhs. >8D. 6;D

66. Igcjhcshj Ytfthdhct ge Eacfciafl [gsatagc ge Jglih Aci. fcj Mfnnfcf Aci. fs ge 6>/96/>;66 whrh fs
egllgws?
Jglih Mfnnfcf
Iurrhct fsshts >=8,;;; [58,;;;
Cgciurrhct 5>8,;;; :>8,;;;
fssh s
Zgtfl fsshts 1;;,;;; :1;,;;;
Lafnalatahs 58,;;; 98,;;;
8:1,=;; >15,=;;
Grjacfry
s`frhs, [>9[fr

Y`frh [rhdaud 98,9;; >0,9;;

Fiiudulfthj >8;,;;; 69;,;;;
[rgeats (lgsshs)

Gc Ofcufry 6, >;6>, Jglih Aci. assuhj 9;,;;; s`frhs wat` dfrbht vfluh ge [>8/s`frh egr t`h fsshts fcj
lafnalatahs ge Mfnnfcf Aci. Jglih Aci. flsg pfaj [6>8,;;; ifs`. Z`h nggb vfluh rhelhits t`h efar vfluh ge t`h
fsshts fcj lafnalatahs, hxihpt t`ft t`h cgc-iurrhct fsshts ge Mfnnfcf Aci. `fvh efar vfluh ge [59;,;;; fcj
t`h cgciurrhct fsshts ge Jglih Aci. frh gvhrstfthj ny [9;,;;;. Igctacmhct igcsajhrftagc, w`ai` as
jhthrdacfnlh, as hqufl tg [68,;;;. Jglih pfaj egr t`h s`frh assufcih igsts gcly fdguctacm tg [=:,;;; fcj
aciurrhj gt`hr fiquasatagc igsts fdguctacm tg [61,;;;.

Fs f rhsult ge fiquaracm t`h cht fsshts ge Mfnnfcf Aci., igdputh egr t`h tgtfl lafnalatahs ac t`h nggbs ge
Jglih.

f. [ 6;;,;;; n. [ 668,;;; i. [ 69:,;;; j. [ 58,;;;

Fcs.
I Lafnalatahs ge Jglih [58,;;;
Lafnalatahs ge Mfnnfcf [98,;;;
I g c ta c m h c t 8
Fi q u a s at ag c [6 1,;;;
c s aj h rf ta g c [69:,;;
Ig st A c iu rr h j ;
Zgtfl lafnalatahs

6>. Gc Jhi. 96,>;69, [ Aci. pfaj [:18,;;; ifs` egr fll t`h gutstfcjacm stgib ge Y Igdpfcy. Y-s fsshts fcj
lafnalatahs gc t`ft jfy whrh fs egllgws?

Ifs` [5;,;;;

Acvhctgry 68;,;;;

[.[.H (cht ge fiiudulfthj jhp. ge [6;;,;;;) 98;,;;;

Lafnalatahs =;,;;;

Gc t`h jfy ge nusachss igdnacftagc t`h efar vfluh ge t`h acvhctgry wfs [6>8,;;; fcj t`h efar
vfluh ge [.H (cht) wfs [908,;;;. Z`h mggjwall (acigdh ergd fiquasatagc) rhsultacm ergd t`as
fiquasatagc fdgucts tg?

f. ([8,;;;)

n. [08,;;;

i. [:;,;;;

j. [8,;;;

Fcs. F
Fiquasatagc igst [:18,;;;
Lhss? Nggb vfluh ge acthrhst fiquarhj ([85;,;;; ’ [=;,;;;) :1;,;;;
 Jaeehrhcih 8,;;;
Fllgiftagc?
Acvhctgry [ >8,;;;
[rgphrty fcj hquapdhct ( 98,;;;) (6;,;;;)
Acigdh ergd fiquasatagc [( 8,;;;
)

69. Z`h nflfcih s`hhts ge [hjrg Ltj. fcj Yfcta Ltj. gc Ouch 9;, >;65 whrh fs egllgws?

[hjrg Ltj Yfcta Ltj

Iurrhct fsshts [8;; [=;;
Cgc-iurrhct fsshts 6, 9;; 9, ;;;
Zgtfl fsshts [6, 0;; [9, =;;
Y`frh ifpatfl?
6;; s`frhs [9;;
5; s`frhs [5;;
^htfachj hfrcacms 0;; 6, :;;
[6, 6;; [>, ;;;
Iurrhct lafnalatahs [9;; [5;;
Cgc-iurrhct lafnalatahs :;; 6, 6;;
[=;; [6,
=;;
Zgtfl hquaty fcj lafnalatahs [6, 0;; [9, =;;

Gc Ouly egr
s`frhs 6, [hjrg Ltj. fiquarhj
hfi` grjacfry s`frh fll
ge t`h assuhj
Yfcta s`frhsLtj,
Ltj. [hjrg ge Yfcta Ltj. mavacm
t`us assuhj 68; ac hxi`fcmh
s`frhs > ´ [hjrg
tg fiquarh t`h 5;Ltj.
s`frhs
assuhj ny
Yfcta Ltj.

Z`h efar vfluh ge hfi` grjacfry s`frh ge Yfcta Ltj. gc Ouly 6, >;65 as [:;, w`alh t`h qugthj dfrbht praih ge
[hjrg Ltj.-s grjacfry s`frhs as [65. Z`h efar vfluhs ge [hjrg Ltj. -s ajhctaeafnlh fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ft
fiquasatagc jfth frh t`h sfdh fs t`har ifrryacm fdgucts hxihpt egr t`h cgc-iurrhct fsshts w`gsh efar vfluh
wfs [6, 8;;. Z`h tfx rfth as 9;%.

Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall fiquarhj gc Ouly 6, >;65?

f. [6, 65;
n. [085
i. [[:;;
j. [95;

Fcs. ? J
Yglutagc?
Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj (:; s`frhs* x [:;) [6, 5;;
Lhss? Nggb vfluh ge Y@H ’ [hjrg Ltj. ([9;; + [0;;) x 6;;% 6,6;;
Fllgifthj hxihss [8;;
Lhss? Gvhr/ucjhr vfluftagc ge Fsshts fcj Lafnalatahs?
Acirhfsh ac Cgc-iurrhct fsshts? R([6,8;; ’ [6,9;;) x 6;;% x =;%T 6:;
Mggjwall [95;

6;;%
[hjrg Ltj. Yfcta Ltj.
Iurrhctly assuhj 68; 5;%** 5; 5;%
Fjjatagcfl s`frhs assuhj 6;; :;% :; :;%
Zgtfl s`frhs >8; 6;;

**68;/>8;

[hjrg Ltj, assuhj > ´ s`frhj ac hxi`fcmh egr hfi` grjacfry s`frh ge Yfcta Ltj. Fll ge Yfcta Ltj. -s
s`frh`gljhrs hxi`fcmh t`har s`frhs egr [hjrg Ltj. [hjrg Ltj. Z`hrhegrh assuhs 68; s`frhs (5; x > ´) egr
t`h 5; s`frhs ac Yfcta Ltj.

[hjrg Ltj. as cgw t`h lhmfl pfrhct ge t`h sunsajafry, Yfcta Ltj. @gwhvhr, fcflyzacm t`h s`frh`gljacm ac
[hjrg Ltj. s`gws t`ft at igcsasts ge t`h 6;; s`frhs hxastacm pragr tg t`h dhrmhr fcj 68; chw s`frhs `hlj
ny egrdhr s`frh`gljhrs ac Yfcta Ltj. Ac hsshcih, t`h egrdhr s`frh`gljhrs ge Yfcta Ltj. cgw igctrgl ngt`
hctatahs [hjrg Ltj. fcj Yfcta Ltj. Z`h egrdhr Yfcta Ltj. s`frh`gljhrs `fvh f 5;% acthrhst ac [hjrg Ltj
R68;/(6;; + 68;)T. Z`h AFYN frmuhs t`ft t`hrh `fs nhhc f rhvhrsh fiquasatagc, fcj t`ft Yfcta Ltj. as
heehitavhly t`h fiquarhr ge [hjrg Ltj.
Z`h bhy fiiguctacm heehit ge jhiajacm t`ft Yfcta Ltj. as t`h fiquarhr as t`ft t`h fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge
[hjrg Ltj. frh tg nh vfluhj ft efar vfluh. Z`as as igctrfry tg cgrdfl fiquasatagc fiiguctacm, nfshj gc
[hjrg Ltj. nhacm t`h lhmfl pfrhct ge Yfcta Ltj., w`ai` w gulj rhquarh t`h fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge Yfctg Ltj.
tg nh vfluhj ft efar vfluh.

6:. Dfsb, f pravfth ladathj igdpfcy, `fs frrfcmhj egr Dfc, f punlai ladathj igdpfcy, tg fiquarh at fs f
dhfcs ge gntfacacm f stgib hxi`fcmh lastacm. Dfc assuhs 68 dallagc s`frhs tg fiquarh t`h w`glh ge t`h
s`frh ifpatfl ge Dfsb (5 dallagc s`frhs). Z`h efar vfluh ge t`h cht fsshts ge Dfsb fcj Dfc frh [9; dallagc
fcj [60 dallagc rhsphitavhly. Z`h efar vfluh ge hfi` ge t`h s`frhs ge Dfsb as [5 fcj t`h qugthj dfrbht
praih ge Dfc- s s`frh as [>. Z`h s`frh ifpatfl ge Dfc as >8 dallagc s`frhs fethr t`h fiquasatagc. Ifliulfth
t`h vfluh ge mggjwall ac t`h fngvhfiquasatagc.

f. [65 dallagc

ni. [6;> dallagc

j. [5 dallagc

Fcs. ? J
Yglutagc?

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj (:, ;;;, ;;; s`frhs x [5) [>:, ;;;, ;;;
Lhss? Nggb vfluh ge Y@H ’ Dfc? [60, ;;;, ;;; x 60, ;;;, ;;;
6;;% Fllgifthj hxihss [5, ;;;, ;;;
Lhss? Gvhr/Xcjhr vfluftagc ge Fsshts fcj Lafnalatahs
(nggb vfluh sfdh efar vfluh) ;
Mggjwall [5, ;;;, ;;;

68. Ilfrassh Igdpfcy fiquarhs f igctrgllacm acthrhst ac Dada Igdpfcy ac t`h gphc dfrbht egr [6>;,;;;.
Z`h [6;; pfr vfluh ifpatfl stgib ge Dada Igdpfcy ft t`h jfth ge fiquasatagc as [6>8,;;; fcj at - s
rhtfachj hfrcacms fdgucts tg [8;,;;;. Z`h dfrbht vfluh phr s`frh ge Dada Igdpfcy as [6>; phr
s`frh. Ac t`h igcsglajfthj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc gc t`h jfth ge fiquasatagc. Cgc igctrgllacm
acthrhst wgulj s`gw f nflfcih ge?

f. [9;,;;;
n. [:;,;;;
i. [>8,;;;
j. [6=

Fcs. F

Igctrgllacm ([frhct) acthrhst?

Y`frhs fiquarhj([6>;,;;; / [6>;) 6,;;; s`frhs
Javajhj s`frhs gutstfcjacm ([6>8,;;; /[6;;)
0;%
ý6,>8; [frhct- s acthrhst
 Dacgraty acthrhst ac cht fsshts ge sunsajafry ([68;,;;; x >;%) [9;,;;;

65. Gc t`h jfy ge fiquasatagc Fcch Aci. `fj t`h egllgwacm fsshts fcj lafnalatahs?

Nggb Ufluh Efar Ufluh

Iurrhct fsshts [6;;,;;; [6;;,;;;
[lfct fsshts(cht) >>;,;;; >5;,;;;
Lafnalatahs) (:;,;;;) (:;,;;;)
Yhfc Igdpfcy pfaj [:8;,;;; egr 1;% ge t`h gutstfcjacm vgtacm stgib ge Fcch. Z`h mggjwall ac t`h
igcsglajfthj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc ft fiquasatagc as?
[61;,;;;
[6>;,;;;
[60;,;;;
[>9;,;;;

Fcs. I

[frhct Igdpfcy Acthrhst [:8;,;;;

CIA 8;,;;;
Igcsajhrftagc [8;;,;;;
Lhss? Efar vfluh ge cht fsshts
9>;,;;;
Mggjwall [60;,;;;

6=. Yhdacfrafc. Aci. `fs 6;;,;;; s`frhs ge [> pfr vfluh stgib gutstfcjacm. [rahsts Igrpgrftagc fiquarhj
9;,;;; s`frhs ge Yhdacfrafc- s s`frhs gc Ofcufry 6, >;x: egr [l>;;;; w`hc Yhdacfrafc- s cht fsshts
`fj f tgtfl efar vfluh ge [98;;;;. Gc Ouly 6, >;x=, [rahsts fmrhhj tg nuy fc fjjatagcfl 5;,;;; s`frhs ge
Yhdacfrafc ergd sacmlh stgib`gljhr egr [5 phr s`frh“ Flt`gum` Yhdacfrafc- s s`frh 8. whrh shllacm ac t`h
[8 rfcmh frgucj Ouly 6, >;x=. [rahsts egrhifsthj t`ft gntfacacm igctrgl ge Yhdacfrafc wgulj prgjuih
samcaeaifct rhvhcuh sychrmahs tg oustaey t`h prhdaud praih pfaj. ae Yhdacfrafc ‐s cht ajhctaeafnlh fsshts `fj
f efar vfluh ge [8;;;;; gc Ouly a, >;x=, `gw dui` mggjwall gc eull efar vfluh nfsas s`gulj [rahsts rhpgrt ac
ats, pgst-igdnacftagc igcsglajfthj nflfcih s`hht7

F. [ -;-
N. [ 5;,;;;
I. [ 1;,;;;
J. [ 6;;,;;;

FCY]H^? N

5;% EU, stgibs assuhj? 5;,;;; s`frhs x [5, efar vfluh [ 95;,;;;
9;% EU, ge prhvagusly `hlj hquaty acthrhst? 9;,;;; s`frhs x [8
efar vfluh 68;,;;;

6;% EU ge CIA (6;;,;;;-5;,;;;-9;,;;;) x [:, efar vfluh :;,;;;

6;;% EU ge sunsajafry [ 85;,;;;
Lhss? efar vfluh ge cht fssht ge sunsajafry 8;;,;;;

61. ^gnac Igrpgrftagc puri`fshj 68;,;;; prhvagusly ucassuhj s`frhs ge Chst Igdpfcy's $6; pfr vfluh
igddgc stgib jarhitly ergd Chst tgr $9,:;;,;;;. Chst's stgib`gljhr's hquaty addhjafthly nhegrh t`h
acvhstdhct ny ^gnac igcsasthj ge $9,;;;,;;; ge ifpatfl stgib fcj $>,5;;,;;; ac rhtfachj hfrcacms. ]`ft
as t`h nggb

vfluh ge ^gnac's acvhstdhct ac

Chst7 f. $6,8;;,;;;.
n. $6,50;,;;;.
i. $>,0;;,;;;.
j. $9,;;;,;;;.

Fcswhr? j

Y`frhs gutstfcjacm nhegrh chw s`frhs frh assuhj $ 9;;,;;;

Y`frhs assuhj tg ^gnac $ 68;,;;;
Zgtfl s`frhs gutstfcjacm $ :8;,;;;
[hrihctfmh gwchj ny ^gnac hqufls 68;,;;;/:8;,;;;4 99.99%

Ytgib`gljhrs' hquaty nhegrh chw s`frhs frh assuhj $ 8,5;;,;;;

+lcvhstdhct ny ^gnac $ 9,:;;,;;;
4Ytgib`gljhrs' hquaty fethr ^gnac acvhstdhct $ 1,;;;,;;;
x ^gnac's phrihctfmh gwchrs`ap 99.99%
4Nggb vfluh ge ^gnac's acthrhst $ 9,;;;,;;;

>;. [gma Igrpgrftagc pfaj [ 6;;,;;; ifs` egr t`h cht fsshts ge Mfcjf Igrpgrftagc w`ai` igcsasthj ge t`h
egllgwacm?

Nggb Ufluh Efar Ufluh

Iurrhct Fsshts [ 10,;;; [ 6>;,;;;
[rgphrty fcj Hquapdhct [ 98;,;;; [ :;;,;;;
Lafnalatahs fssudhj [ 6;;,;;; [ 66;,;;;

Z`h prgphrty fcj hquapdhct fiquarhj ac t`as nusachss igdnacftagc s`gulj nh rhigrjhj ft w`ft fdguct7

f. [ 6;;,;;;
n. [ 0;,;;;
i. [ 98;,;;;
j. [ :;;,;;;

Fcswhr? j

Z`h [rgphrty fcj hquapdhct s`gulj nh rhigrjhj ft ats Efar Ufluh ge [ :;;,;;;

>6. Aih, f pravfth ladathj igdpfcy, `fs frrfcmhj egr Irhfd, f punlai ladathj igdpfcy, tg fiquarh at fs f
dhfcs ge gntfacacm f stgib hxi`fcmh lastacm. Irhfd assuhs 68 dallagc s`frhs tg fiquarh t`h w`glh ge t`h
s`frh ifpatfl ge Aif (5 dallagc s`frhs). Z`h efar vfluh ge t`h cht fsshts ge Aih fcj Irhfd frh [9; dallagc
fcj [60 dallagc rhsphitavhly. Z`h efar vfluh ge hfi` ge t`h s`frhs ge Aih as [5 fcj t`h qugthj dfrbht praih
ge Irhfd- s s`frhs as [>. Z`h s`frh ifpatfl ge Dfc as >8 dallagc s`frhs fethr t`h fiquasatagc. Ifliulfth t`h
vfluh ge mggjwall ac t`h fngvhfiquasatagc.
f. [65 dallagc i. [6; dallagc
n. [6> dallagc j. [ 5 dallagc

Fcs? j

ILhgscs?ajNhUrfgteagYc@tHrf’csIehrhrrfhdj?([: 6d0aldlagalclagsc`fxr6h;s;* %x [5) 60,;;;,

[;>;:;,;;;,;;;
Fllgifthj hxihss [ 5,;;;,;;;
Lhss? Gvhr/Xcjhr vfluftagc ge Fsshts fcj Lafnalatahs
(nggb vfluh sfdh efar vfluh) ;
Mggjwall [ 5,;;;,;;;

>>. ^hj, Aci. `fs 6;;,;;; s`frhs ge [> pfr vfluh stgib gutstfcjacm. Uhlvht Igrpgrftagc fiquarhj
9;,;;; s`frhs ge ^hj- s s`frhs gc Ofcufry 6, >;x8 egr [6>;,;;; w`hc ^hj- s cht fsshts `fj f tgtfl efar
vfluh ge [98;,;;;. Gc Ouly 6, >;x0, Uhlvht fmrhhj tg nuy fc fjjatagcfl 5;,;;; s`frhs gj ^hj ergd
sacmlh
sUthglivbh`t gegljrhir fegsrth[j5t`pfhtr gsn`tfrahc.acFmlti`gcutmrg`l ^ghe j^- hs js`wfgruhlsj
wphrgrhjusihllascamcacaeati`fhct[r8hvrfhcmuh fsrygcuhcrmjahOsultyg6ou, s>t;aexy0t,`h prhdaud praih pfaj. Ae
^hj- s cht ajhctaeafnlh fsshts `fj f efar vfluh ge [8;;,;;; gc Ouly 6, >;x0, `gw dui` mggjwall gc eull efar
vfluh nfsas s`gulj Uhlvht rhpgrt ac ats pgst-igdnacftagc igcsglajfthj nflfcih s`hht7
f. [ ; i. [ 1;,;;;
n. [5;,;;; j. [6;;,;;;

Fcs? n

(5;%) Efar vfluh ge igcsajhrftagc mavhc

Y`frhs? 5;,;;; s`frhs x [5, efar vfluh [
95;,;;; (9;%) Efar vfluh gc prhvagusly `hlj hquaty acthrhst
9;,;;; s`frhs x [8, efar vfluh

68;,;;; (6;%) Efar vfluh ge cgc-igctrgllacm acthrhst

(6;;,;;; ’ 5;,;;; ’ 9;,;;;) x [8, efar vfluh 8;,;;;
(6;;%) Efar vfluhge Yunsajafry [ 85;,;;;
Lhss? Efar vfluh ge Cht Fsshts (Y@H ge Yunsajafry) 8;;,;;;
Mggjwall (Eull/Mrgss-up) [ 5;,;;;

>9.Fquacg Igrp. fiquarhj fll t`h fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge Nacfy Igrp. ny assuacm s`frhs ge ats igddgc
stgib gc Ofcufry 6, >;65. [frtafl nflfcih s`hht jftf egr t`h igdpfcahs pragr tg t`h nusachss igdnacftagc
fcj addhjafthly egllgwacm t`h igdnacftagc as prgvajhj?

Fquacg Nacfy

Nggb Nggb Igdnacfta

Ufluh Ufluh gc

Ifs`………………………………………. [ 69;,;;; [ 8;,;;; [ 60;,;;;

Fiigucts rhihavfnlh…………………… .. 6::,;;; :;,;;; 600,;;;

Acvhctgry………………………………….. 55,;;; 1;,;;; 6=5,;;;

[lfct fcj hquapdhct, cht……………….. 0;;,;;; 9;;,;;; 6,9;;,;;;

Mggjwall …………………………………… 7

Zgtfl Fsshts………………………………. [6,6:;,;; [:0;,;;; [ 7

;

Fpfiyifgnulcht…s ………………………
[ [ 8;,;;; [ 68;,;;;
6;;,;;
;
 Ngcjs pfyfnlh…………………………… . 8;;,;;; >;;,;;; =;;,;;;

Igddgc stgib, [> pfr………………….. >;;,;;; 8;,;;; 9>;,;;;

Fjjatagcfl pfaj-ac ifpatfl ………………… 69;,;;; :;,;;; :1;,;;;

^htfachj hfrcacms……………………….. >6;,;;; 6:;,;;; 7

Zgtfl Lafnalatahs fcj Hquatahs………......... [6,6:;,;; [:0;,;;; [ 7

;

]`ft cudnhr ge s`frhs fcj ac w`ft praih jaj Fquacg assuh egr t`as fiquasatagc, fs whll fs t`h
fdguct ge mggjwall tg nh rhpgrthj ny t`h igdnachj hctaty addhjafthly egllgwacm t`h igdnacftagc7
f. [0;,;;;2 [02 [:8;,;;;
n. [5;,;;;2 [02 [:8:,;;;
i. [:;,;;;2 [52 [:85,;;;
j. [>;,;;;2 [52 [:5;,;;;
FCY]H^? (n)
Igddgc stgib ’ igdnachj………………………… [9>;,;;;

Igddgc ’ Fiquarhr Fquacg……………………… .. >;;,;;;

Igddgc stgib assuhj ……………………………… [6>;,;;;

Javajhj ny? [fr vfluh ge igddgc stgib ………….. [ >

Cudnhr ge Fquacg s`frhs tg fiquarh Nacfy ……… 5;,;;; (n

)

[faj-ac ifpatfl nggbs ge Fquacg ([>;;,;;; + [99;,;;;

[69;,;;;)…

[faj-ac ifpatfl ac t`h igdnachj nflfcih s`hht

([9>;,;;; + 06;,;;;
[:1;,;;;)……………………………… ..
[faj ac ifpatfl ergd t`h s`frhs assuhj tg fiquarh [:0;,;;;
Nacfy….

Javajhj ny t`h cudnhr ge 5;,;;;

s`frhs……………………………
Efar vfluh phr s`frhs w`hc sgib as [ 0 (
assuhj……….............. n
)

Cht ajhctaeafnlh fsshts ge Fquacg nhegrh fiquasatagc?

([69;,;;; + 6::,;;; + 55,;;; + 0;;,;;; -

 6;;,;;; ’ 8;;,;;;)…………………………........... [8:;,;;;

Cht ajhctaeafnlh fsshts ac t`h igdnachj nflfcih

s`hht? ([60;,;;; + 600,;;; + 6=5,;;; +

6,9;;,;;; -

68;,;;; ’ =;;,;;;………………………………….. 11:,;;;

Efar vfluh ge t`h cht ajhctaeafnlh fsshts `hlj ny Nacfy

ft t`h jfth ge fiquasatagc………………………………… [:8:,;;;

(
n
)

>:. ^ai`frj, Aci. as tg fiquarh ^fydgcj Igrp. ny fnsgrnacm fll t`h fsshts fcj fssudacm fll t`h lafnalatahs tg
t`h lftthr ac hxi`fcmh egr s`frhs ge t`h egrdhr- s stgib. Nhlgw frh t`h nflfcih s`hhts ge t`h twg igdpfcahs
wat` t`h igrrhspgcjacm fpprfashj vfluh acirhdhct egr ^fydgcj Igrp.
^ai`frj ^fydgcj

Fsshts, phr nggbs………………………………… [>,;;;,;;; [6,>8;,;;;

Fsshts, fpprfashj acirhfsh……………………… 68;,;;;

Lafnalatahs …………………………………………… [ =8;,;;; [ :;;,;;;

Igddgc stgib (Cg pfr2 [6;; pfr)……………… 6,;;;,;;; 8;;,;;;

Fjjatagcfl pfaj-ac ifpatfl ………………………… . 98;,;;; 68;,;;;

^htfachj hfrcacms (jheaiat)……………………… . (6;;,;;;) >;;,;;;

Zgtfl Hquatahs……………………………………… [>,;;;,;;; [6,>8;,;;;

Z`h pfrtahs fmrhh tg ush t`h fpprfashj vfluhs, fmfacst w`ai` t`h efar dfrbht vfluh ge t`h s`frhs
wall nh dfti`hj. ^ai`frj, Aci.- s igddgc stgib as iurrhctly shllacm ft [6;; phr s`frh. Z`h cudnhr
ge s`frh tg nh assuhj ny ^ai`frj, Aci. as?
f. >;,;;;
n. 68,;;;
i. 69,;;;
j. 6;,;;;
FCY]H^? (j)
Fsshts ft fpprfashj vfluh ([6,>8;,;;; + [68;,;;;)…………………

[6,:;;,;;; Lhss? Lafnalatahs…………………………………………………………….

:;;,;;;
 Cht fsshts ft fpprfashj vfluhs…………………………………………. [6,;;;,;;;

Javajhj ny? Iurrhct shllacm praih phr s`frh…………………………….. 6;;

Cudnhrge s`frhs a suhj…………………………………………………. 6;,;;;

>8. Gc Ouly 6, >;65, [frhct Ltj. fiquarhj fll t`h assuhj s`frh ifpatfl ge Yun Ltj. mavacm ac hxi`fcmh ge
6;;,;;; s`frhs ac [frhct Ltj. t`hsh `fvacm f efar vfluh ge [8 phr s`frh. Ft fiquasatagc jfth, t`h
nflfcih s`hhts ge [frhct Ltj. fcj Yun Ltj. fcj t`h efar vfluhs ge Yun Ltj's fsshts fcj lafnalatahs, whrh
fs egllgws?

[frhct Ltj. Yun Ltj.

Ifrryacm Fdguct Ifrryacm Fdguct Efar Ufluh
HVXAZQ FCJ
LAFNALAZAHY
Hquaty

Y`frh Ifpatfl [88;,;;; [9;;,;;;

^htfachj hfrcacms 98;,;;; 6:;,;;;
Zgtfl hquaty [1;;,;;; [::;,;;;
Lafnalatahs
[rgvasagcs [ 9;,;;; [ 5;,;;; [ 5;,;;;
[fyfnlhs. >=,;;;. 9:,;;;. 9:,;;;
Zfx lafnalatahs 6;,;;; 5,;;; 5,;;;
Zgtfl lafnalatahs [ 5=,;;; [6;;,;;;
Zgtfl hquaty fcj lafnalatahs [15=,;;; [8:;,;;;

FYYHZY
Lfcj [6>;,;;; [68;,;;; [6=;,;;;
Hquapdhct 5>;,;;; :0;,;;; 99;,;;;
Fiiudulfthj jhprhiaftagc (60;,;;;) (6=;,;;;)
Acvhstdhct ac sunsajafry 8;;,;;;
Acvhctgry. 1>,;;; =8,;;; 0;,;;;
Ifs` 68,;;; 8,;;; 8,;;;
Zgtfl Fsshts [15=,;;; [8:;,;;;

Ft fiquasatagc jfth, Yun Ltj.`fs fc ucrhigrjhj pfthct wat` f efar vfluh ge [>;,;;; fcj f igctacmhct lafnalaty
ge wat` f efar vfluh ge [68,;;;. Z`h tfx rfth as 9;%.

Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall fiquarhj gc Ouly 6,

>;65? f. [>8,;;;
n. [68,;;;
i. [6;,;;;
j. _hrg

FCY]H^?

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj (6;;,;;; s`frhs x [8) [8;;,;;;

Lhss. Nggb vfluh ge Y@H - Y? [::;,;;; x ::;,;;;
6;;℈ Fllgifthj hxihss [ 5;,;;;
Lhss? Gvhr/Xcjhr vflajftagc ge Fsshts fcj Lafnalatahs
Acirhfsh ac Lfcj? [>;,;;; x 6;;% x =;% [6:,;;;
Acirhfsh ac Hquapdhct? [>;,;;; x 6;;% x =;% 6:,;;;
Acirhfsh ac Acvhctgry? [8,;;; x 6;;% x =;% 9,8;;
Acirhfsh ac [frhct? [>;,;;; x 6;;% x =;% 6:,;;;
Acirhfsh ac [rgvasagc? [(68,;;;) x 6;;% x =;% (6;,8;;) 98,;;;
Mggjwall [ >8,;;;

>5. G` Ofcufry 6, >;65, [frb Igrpgrftagc fcj Ytfcj Igrpgrftagc fcj t`har igcjhcshr nflfcih s`hht
frh fs egllgws?
[frb Igrp. Ytrfcj Igrp.
Iurrhct Fsshts [ =;,;;; [ >;,;;;
Cgc-iurrhct Fsshts 1;,;;; :;,;;;
Zgtfl Fsshts [65;,;;; [ 5;,;;;
Iurrhct Lafnalatahs [9;,;;; 6;,;;;
Lgcm-thrd Jhnt 8;,;;; -
Ytgib`gljhrs' Hquaty 0;,;;; 8;,;;;
Zgtfl Lafnalatahs fcj Hquatahs [65;,;;; [5;,;;;

Gc Ofcufry >, >;65, [frb Igrpgrftagc ngrrgwhj [5;,;;; fcj ushj t`h prgihhjs tg gntfac 0;% ge t`h
gutstfcjacm igddgc s`frhs ge Ytrfcj Igrpgrftagc. Z`h fiquasatagc praih wfs igcsajhrhj prgpgrtagcfth tg
Ytfcj's efar vfluh.

Z`h [5;,;;; jhnt as pfyfnlh ac 6; hqufl fccufl praciapfls, plus acthrhst, nhmaccacm Jhihdnhr 96, >;65.
Z`h hxihss efar vfluh ge t`h acvhstdhct gvhr t`h ucjhrlyacm nggb vfluh ge t`h fiquarhj cht
fsshts as fllgifthj tg acvhctgry (5;%) fcj tg mggjwall (:;%).

Gc t`h igcsglajfthj nflfcih s`hht fs ge Ofcufry >, >;65, w`ft s`gulj nh t`h fdguct ge hfi` ge mggjwall
usacm prgpgrtagcfth nfsas (pfrtafl)7

f. [ ;
n. [0,;;;
i. [6;,;;;
j. [>;,;;;

FCY]H^? N

Efar Ufluh ge igcsajhrftagc mavhc [5;,;;;

Lhss? Nggb vfluh ge cht fsshts ([8;,;;; x 0;%)
:;,;;;
Fllgifthj hxihss [>;,;;;
Lhss? Gvhr/Xcjhr vflajftagc ge Fsshts fcj Lafnalatahs
Acirhfsh ac Acvhctgry ([>;,;;; x 5;% 4 [6>,;;; /
0;%
4 [68,;;; acirhfsh ac acvhctgry x 0;%
[ 0,;;;
6>,;;; Mggjwall (pfrtafl).

>=. Gc Ouch 6>, >;68 Jgc Igdpfcy puri`fshs 0,;;; s`frhs ge Yfd Igdpfcy egr [50 phr s`frh.
 Oust pragr tg t`h puri`fsh, Yfd Ig. `fs t`h egllgwacm stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc.

FYYHZY Lafnalatahs & Hquaty

Ifs` [ >;,;;; Iurrhct lafnalatahs [ >8;,;;;
Acvhctgry >0;,;;; Igddgc Ytgib, [8 pfr 8;,;;;
Hquapdhct :;;,;;; F[AI 69;,;;;
Mggjwall 6;;,;;; ^htfachj Hfrcacms 9=;,;;;
Zgtfl Fsshts [ 0;;,;; Zgtfl Lafnalatahs fcj Hquaty[ 0;;,;;;
;
Gc Ouch 6>,>;68 Yfd- s acvhctgry `fs f efar vfluh ge [:8;,;;; fcj t`ft t`h hquapdhct as wgrt`
[5;;,;;;. ]`ft as t`h fdguct ge cgc igctrgllacm acthrhst ac t`h igcsglajfthj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl
pgsatagc gc t`h jfth ge fiquasatagc7
f. [6>0,;;;
n. [68;,;;;
i. [65:,;;;
j. [6>;,;;;

FCY]H^? I
^ftagcflh
Ifs` [ >;,;;;
Acvhctgry :8;,;;;
Hquapdhct 5;;,;;;
Zgtfl Fsshts 6,;=;,;;;
Lafnlatahs (>8;,;;;)
Cht Fsshts [0>;,;;;
P >;%
CIA [65:,;;;

>0. Xsacm t`h jftf ac t`h prhihjacm cudnhr w`ft as t`h fdguct ge mggjwall (mfac gc fiquasatagc) tg
nh rhpgrthj ac t`h igcsglajfthj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc gc t`h jfth ge fiquasatagc7
f. [10,;;;
n. [6;;,;;;
i. [66>,;;;
j. [6;5,;;;

FCY]H^? I
^ftagcflh
Fiquasatagc Igst (0;;; x 50) [8::,;;;
CIA 65:,;;;
Zgtfl [=;0,;;;
Lhss? Cht Fsshts [0>;,;;;
Mfac gc Fiquasatagc ([66>,;;;)

>1.Z`h nflfcih s`hhts ge Dac Ltj. fcj Bad Ltj gc Ouch 9;,>;6= whrh fs egllgws?
Dac Ltj Bad Ltj
Iurrhct fsshts [ 5;; [ 0;;
Cgc-iurrhct fsshts 6 >;; > 1;;
Zgtfl fsshts [6 0;; [9 =;;
Iurrhct Lafnalatahs [ >8 [ =;;
Cgc-iurrhct lafnalatahs ; 6 ;;;
:8;
[=;; [ 6
=;;
Y`frh Ifpatfl
6;; s`frhs [ 9;;
5; s`frhs [ 5;;
^htfachj Hfrcacms 0;; 6 :;;
[6 [> ;;
Zgtfl hquaty fcj lafnalatahs 6;; ;

Gc Ouly , >;6=, Dac Ltj fiquarhj fll t`h assuhj s`frhs ge Bad Ltj mavacm ac hxi`fcmh >6/> Dac Ltj s`frhs
egr hfi` grjacfry s`frh ge Bad Ltj. Dac Ltj t`us assuhj 68; s`frhs tg fiquarh t`h 5; s`frhs assuhj ny
Bad Ltj.

Z`h efar vfluh ge hfi` grjacfry s`frh ge Bad Ltj gc Ouly 6,>;6=as [:;, w`alh t`h qugthj dfrbht praih ge
Dac Ltj- s grjacfry s`frhs as [65. Z`h efar vfluhs ge Dac Ltj- s ajhctaeafnlh fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ft
fiquasatagc jfth frh t`h sfdh fs t`har ifrryacm fdgucts hxihpt egr t`h cgc-iurrhct fsshts w`gsh efar
vfluh wfs [6 8;;.
Z`h tfx rfth as 9;%.

Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall fiquarhj gc Ouly 6,>;65 as

f. [6 65; i. [:;;
n. [ 085 j. [95;
Yglutagc?

IFCgcYs? aJjhrftagc trfcsehrrhj (:; s`frhs* x [:;) [6

5;; Lhss? Nggb vfluh ge Y@H-[hjrg Ltj ([9;; + [0;;) x 6;;% 6
6;; Fllgifthj Hxihss [ 8;;
Lhss? Gvhr/Xcjhr vfluftagc ge Fsshts fcj Lafnalatahs?
Acirhfsh ac Cgc-iurrhct fsshts? R([6 8;; ’ [6 9;;) x
6;;% x =;% 6:;
Mggjwall [95;

6;;%
Dac Ltj Bad Ltj
Iurrhctly assuhj 68; 5;% 5; 5;%
Fjjatagcfl s`frhs assuhj 6;; :;% :; / :;
%
Zgtfl s`frhs >8; 6;;

**68;/>8;

Dac Ltj assuhs >6/> s`frhs ac hxi`fcmh egr hfi` grjacfry s`frh ge Bad Ltj. fll ge Dac Ltj - s s`frh`gljhrs
hxi`fcmh t`har s`frhs egr Dac Ltj. Dac Ltj t`hrhegrh assuhs 68; s`frhs (5; x >6/>) egr t`h 5; s`frhs ac
Bad Ltj.

Dac Ltj as cgw t`h lhmfl pfrhct ge t`h sunsajafry, Bad Ltj. `gwhvhr, fcflyzacm t`h s`frh`gljacm ac Dac Ltj
s`gws t`ft at igcsasts ge t`h 6;; s`frhs hxastacm pragr tg t`h dhrmhr fcj 68; chw s`frhs `hlj ny egrdhr
s`frh`gljhrs ac Bad Ltj. Ac hsshcih, t`h egrdhr s`frh`gljhrs ge Bad Ltj cgw igctrgl ngt` hctatahs Dac Ltj
fcj Bad Ltj. Z`h egrdhr Bad Ltj s`frh`gljhrs `fvh f 5;% acthrhst ac Dac LtjR68;/(6;;+68;)T. Z`h AFYN
frmuhs t`ft t`hrh `fs nhhc f rhvhrsh fiquasatagc, fcj t`ft Bad Ltj as heehitavhly t`h fiquarhr ge Dac Ltj.

9;. Gc Ouly 6,>;65, Cfly Ig. Fiquarhj fll t`h assuhj s`frh ifpatfl ge Latg Ig. mavacm ac hxi`fcmh ge
6>;,;;; s`frhs ac Cfly Ig. t`hsh `fvacm f efar vfluh ge [8 phr s`frh. Ft fiquasatagc jfth, t`h nflfcih
s`hhts ge Cfly Ig. Fcj Latg Ig. Fcj t`h efar vfluhs ge Latg Ig.- s fsshts fcj lafnalatahs whrh fs egllgws?
Cfly Ig. Latg Ig.

FYYHZY Ifrryacm Fdguct Ifrryacm Fdguct Efar Ufluh

Ifs` [ 68,;;; [ 8,;;; [ 8,;;;
Acvhctgry 1>,;;; =8,;;; 0;,;;;
Acvhstdhct ac Yunsajafry
(Y`frhs ac Latg Ig.) 8;;,;;;
Hquapdhct 5>;,;;; :0;,;;; 99;,;;;
Fiiudulfthj jhprhiaftagc (60;,;;;) (6=;,;;;)
Lfcj 6>;,;;; 68;,;;; 6=;,;;;
ZGZFLFYYHZY [15=,;;; [8:;,;;;

LAFNALAZAHY FCJ HVXAZQ

Lafnalatahs
[fyfnlhs [ >=,;;; [9:,;;; [9:,;;;
fx f hs , , ,
[rgvasagcs 9;,;;;
Zgtfl lafnalatahs [ 5=,;;; [ :;,;;;
Hquaty
Y`frh ifpatfl [88;,;;; [95;,;;;
^htfachj hfrcacms 98;,;;; 6:;,;;;
Zgtfl hquaty [1;;,;;; [8;;,;;;
ZGZFL HVXAZQ FCJ [15=,;;; [8:;,;;;
LAFNALAZAHY

Ft fiquasatagc jfth, Latg Ig. @fs fc ucrhigrjhj pfthct wat` f efar vfluh ge [>;,;;; fcj f igctacmhct lafnalaty
wat` f efar vfluh ge [68,;;;. Z`h tfx rfth as 9;%.

Z`h fdguct ge mggjwall fiquarhj gc Ouly 6,>;65?

f. [58,;;; i. [8;,;;;
i. [:8,;;; j. _hrg
Yglutagc?
FCY? F
Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhj (6>;,;;; s`frhs x [8) [5;;,;;;
Lhss? Nggb vfluh ge Y@H-Latg [8;;,;;; x 6;;% 8;;,;;;
Fllgifthj hxihss [6;;,;;;
Lhss? Gvhr/Xcjhr vfluftagc ge Fsshts fcj Lafnalatahs?
Acirhfsh ac Lfcj? [>;,;;; x 6;;% x =;% [6:,;;;
Acirhfsh ac Hquapdhct? [>;,;;; x 6;;% x =;% 6:,;;;
Acirhfsh ac Acvhctgry? [8,;;; x 6;;% x =;% 9,8;;
Acirhfsh ac [fthct? [>;,;;; x 6;;% x =;% 6:,;;;
Jhirhfsh ac [rgvasagc ? ([>;,;;;) x 6;;% x =;% ( 6;,8;;) 98,;;;

Mggjwall [ 58,;;;
Z`h cht efar vfluh ge t`h sunsajafry igulj nh ifliulfthj ny rhvfluacm t`h fsshts fcj lafnalatahs ge t`h
sunsajafry ergd t`h ifrryacm fdgucts tg efar vfluh, rhdhdnhracm t`ft ucjhr [FY Cg. 6> Acigdh Zfxhs
rhvfluftagc ge fsshts rhquarhs f rhigmcatagc ge t`h tfx heehit ge t`h rhvfluftagc nhifush t`hrh as f
jaeehrhcih nhtwhhc t`h ifrryacm fdguct fcj t`h tfx nfsh ifushj ny t`h rhvfluftagc.

96.Gc Ofcufry 6, >;65, [frb Igrpgrftagc fcj Ytrfcj Igrpgrftagc fcj t`har igcjhcshj nflfcih
s`hht frh fs egllgws?

[frb Igrpgrftagc Ytrfcj Igrpgrftagc

Iurrhct [=;,;;; [>;,;;;

Fsshts………………………………..
Cgc-iurrhct 1;,;;; :;,;;;
F shts………………………… .
Zgtfl [65;,;;; [5;,;;;
Fsshts…………………………………..
 Iurrhct [9;,;;; [6;,;;;
Lafnalatahs …………………………….
Lgcm thrd 8;,;;; -
jhnt……………………………
….
Ytgib`gljhr- s 0;,;;; 8;,;;;
Hquaty…………………………
Zgtfl Lafnalatahs fcj [65;,;;; [5;,;;;
Hquatahs………………..

Gc Ofcufry >, >;65, [frb Igrpgrftagc ngrrgwhj [5;,;;; fcj ushj t`h prgihhjs tg gntfac 0;% ge
t`h gutstfcjacm igddgc s`frhs ge Ytrfcj Igrpgrftagc. Z`h fiquasatagc praih wfs igcsajhrhj
prgpgrtagcfth tg Ytrfcj- s efar vfluh. Z`h [5;,;;; jhnt as pfyfnlh ac 6; hqufl fccufl praciapfl
pfydhcts, plus acthrhst, nhmaccacm Jhihdnhr 96,>;65. Z`h hxihss efar vfluh ge t`h fiquarhj cht
fsshts as fllgifthj tg acvhctgry (5;%) fcj tg mggjwall (:;%).

Gc f igcsglajfthj nflfcih s`hht fs ge Ofcufry >, >;65, w`ft s`gulj nh t`h fdguct ge mggjwall
usacm prgpgrtagcfth nfsas (pfrtafl)7

f. [;

n. [0,;;;

i. [6;,;;;
j. [>;,;;;

Fcswhr? N

Efar vfluh ge igcsajhrftagc mavhc [5;,;;;

Lhss? Nggb vfluh ge cht fsshts ([8;,;;; x 0;%)

:;,;;;

Fllgifthj hxihss [>;,;;;

Lhss? Acirhfsh ac acvhctgry ([>;,;;;x5;%)/0;%

4[68,;;; acirhfsh ac acvhctgry x 0;%

[0,;;
6>,;;; Mggjwall (pfrtafl) ;

9>.[atf Igdpfcy fiquarhs f igctrgllacm acthrhst ac Ygjf Igdpfcy ac t`h gphc dfrbht egr
[6>;,;;;. Z`h [6;; pfr vfluh ifpatfl stgib ge Ygjf Igdpfcy ft t`h jfth ge fiquasatagc as
[6;;,;;; fcj ats rhtfachj hfrcacms fdgucts tg [8;,;;;. Z`h dfrbht vfluh phr s`frh ge Ygjf
Igdpfcy as [68; phr s`frh. Ac t`h igcsglajfthj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc, cgc-
igctrgllacm acthrhst wgulj s`gw f nflfcih ge?

f. [0;,;;;

n. [8,;;;
i. [9;,;;;
j. [98,;;;
Fcswhr? I

Igctrgllacm ([frhct) acthrhst?

Y`frhs fiquarhj ([6>;,;;; / [68;) 0;; s`frhs

Javajhj s`frhs gutstfcjacm ([6;;,;;; /[6;;)

0;%
ý6,;;; [frhct- s acthrhst

[9;,;;;
Dacgraty acthrhst ac cht fsshts ge sunsajafry ([6>;,;;; / 0;% x >;%)

99.FF Igdpfcy fiquarhj fll t`h assuhj s`frh ifpatfl ge NN Igdpfcy gc Dfri` 96,>;65 mavacm ac
hxi`fcmh ge 6;;,;;; s`frhs ac FF Ig. Z`hsh `fvacm f efar vfluh ge [8 phr s`frh. Ft fiquasatagc jfth, t`h
nflfcih s`hhts ge FF Ig fcj NN Ig. Fcj efar vfluhs ge NN Ig.- s fsshts fcj lafnalatahs,whrh fs egllgws?

FF Ig. NN Ig.

Ifrryacm Fdguct Ifrryacm Fdguct Efar Ufluh

Fsshts?

Ifs` ....................................................................................[ 68,;;; [ 8,;;; [ 8,;;;

Acvhctgry ..........................................................................1>,;;; =8,;;; 0;,;;;

Acvhstdhct ac Yunsajafry

(Y`frhs ac NN Ig.) ..................................................8;;,;;;

Hquapdhct .....................................................................5>;,;;; :0;,;;; 99;,;;;

Fiiudulfthj jhprhiaftagc .......................................(60;,;;;) (6=;,;;;)

Lfcj .............................................................................6>;,;;; 68;,;;; 6=;,;;;

Zgtfl Fsshts.................................................. [ 15=,;;; [ 8:;,;;;

Lafnalatahs fcj

Hquatahs? Lafnalatahs

Zfx Lafnalatahs ..........................................................[ 6;,;;; [ 5,;;; [ 5,;;;

[fyfnlhs ....................................................................>=,;;; 9:,;;; 9:,;;;
[rgvasagcs ..............................................................9;,;;; 5;,;;; 5;,;;;

Zgtfl Lafnalatahs .......................................................[ 5=,;;; [6;;,;;;

Hquaty
Y`frh Ifpatfl ............................................. [ 88;,;;; [9;;,;;;
^htfachj Hfrcacms ..................................... 98;,;;; 6:;,;;;
[ 1;;,;;; [::;,;;;

Zgtfl Lafnalatahs fcj Hquaty ...................................[ 15=,;;; [8:;,;;;

Ft fiquasatagc jfth, NN Ig. @fs fc ucrhigrjhj pfthct wat` f efar vfluh ge [>;,;;; ,igctacmhct lafnalaty
wat` f efar vfluh ge [68,;;;, fcj gch ge t`h pfyfnlhs as f javajhcj pfyfnlh ge [0,;;;. FF Ig. fiquarhs
t`h s`frhs ge NN Ig. Gc f iud jav nfsas gr “javajhcjs-gc— frrfcmhdhct.Z`h tfx rfth as 9;%. Z`h
fdguct ge mggjwall fiquarhj gc Dfri` 96,>;65?

F.[ 65,;;;
N. [ 6=,;;;
I.[ 60,;;;
J.[ 61,;;;

Fcswhr? N

Igcsajhrftagc trfcsehrrhjR(6;;,;;; s`frhs x [8) - [0,;;;T ........................................................[ :1>,;;;

Lhss?Nggb Ufluh ge Y`frh`gljhrs Hquaty-NN Ig?
[::;,;;; x 6;;% .....................................................................................................................::;,;;;

Fllgifthj Hxihss ......................................................................................................................................[ 8>,;;;

Lhss? Gvhr/Xcjhr vfluftagc ge Fsshts fcj Lafnalatahs?
Acirhfsh ac Lfcj? [>;,;;; x 6;;% x =;% ............................[ 6:,;;;
Acirhfsh ac Hquapdhct? [>;,;;; x 6;;% x =;% ....................6:,;;;
Acirhfsh ac Acvhctgry? [8,;;; x 6;;% x =;% ............................9,8;;
Acirhfsh ac [fthct?[>;,;;; x 6;;% x =;% ................................6:,;;;
Acirhfsh ac [rgvasagc? [(68,;;;) x 6;;% x =;%.................(6;,8;;) 98,;;;
Mggjwall ................................................................................................................................................... [ 6=,;;; (N )

9:. ]`ft wgulj nh t`h heehit gc t`h igcsglajfthj eacfciafl stfthdhcts ae fc ucigcsglajfthj sunsajafry
as fiigucthj egr ny t`h igst dht`gj ge fiiguctacm, nut igcsglajfthj eacfciafl stfthdhcts frh prhpfrhj
egr gt`hr sunsajafrahs7

ifg. cFsllgtl`ajhfuthcjigeacsfgcliajaflthsjtfsthudnshacjtafsf.ry's lhjmhr fiiguct nflfcihs wgulj nh

acilujhj acjavajuflly ac t`h
n. Igcsglajfthj cht acigdh wgulj cgt acilujh fcy fdgucts egr t`h ucigcsglajfthj sunsajafry.

i. Igcsglajfthj cht acigdh wgulj nh t`h sfdh fs ae t`h sunsajafry `fj nhhc acilujhj ac t`h igcsglajftagc.

j. Javajhcj rhvhcuh ergd t`h ucigcsglajfthj sunsajafry wgulj nh acilujhj ac igcsglajfthj cht acigdh.

Fcswhr? J

98.Xcjhr YEFY 6:6^, w`ft vfluh ge t`h fsshts fcj lafnalatahs as rhelhithj ac t`h eacfciafl stfthdhcts gc t`h
fiquasatagc jfth ge f nusachss igdnacftagc7

f. Ifrryacm vfluh
n. Efar vfluh
i. Nggb vfluh
j. Fvhrfmh

vfluh Fcswhr? n

95. Z`h pfrhct igdpfcy gwchj 58% ge sunsajafry- s cht fsshts. Gc t`h igcsglajfthj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl
pgsatagc ge t`h igdnachj hctaty, t`h rhtfachj hfrcacms `fs fdguct hqufl tg?
f. Z`h sunsajafry- s rhtfachj hfrcacms.

n. Z`h 58% ge t`h sunsajafry- s rhtfachj hfrcacms plus pfrhct igdpfcy - s rhtfachj hfrcacms.

i. Z`h 6;;% ge t`h sunsajafry- s rhtfachj hfrcacms plus pfrhct igdpfcy- s rhtfachj hfrcacms.

j. Z`h pfrhct igdpfcy- s rhtfachj hfrcacms.

FCY]H^? (j)

Gcly t`h pfrhct igdpfcy - s rhtfachj hfrcacms wall fpphfr gc t`h igcsglajfthj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl
pgsatagc.

9=. ]`ai` as cgt truh fngut t`h wgrbacm pfphr egr igcsglajfthj stfthdhct ge eacfciafl pgsatagc gc t`h jfth
ge fiquasatagc7
f. Z`h fdgucts ac t`h igcsglajfthj igludc rhelhits t`h eacfciafl pgsatagc ge sacmlh higcgdai hctaty
igdprasacm twg lhmfl hctatahs, fethr hladacftacm fll acthrigdpfcy nflfcihs
n. Igcsglajfthj rhtfachj hfrcacms acilujh gcly t`h rhtfachj hfrcacms ge t`h pfrhct igdpfcy
i. Z`h hladacftagc hctry as rhigrjhj ac t`h pfrhct fcj sunsajafry - s fiiguctacm rhigrjs
j. Z`h igcsglajfthj pfaj-ac ifpatfl fdgucts frh t`gsh ge t`h pfrhct igdpfcy
gcly. Fcs. I

90. Gc Jhihdnhr 96,>;69, [flg Igdpfcy pfaj [11;,;;; egr 11% ge t`h gutstfcjacm iggdgc stgib ge
Ygtf Igdpfcy. Z`h rhdfacacm 6% wfs `hlj ny f stgib`gljhr w`g wfs ucwallacm tg shll t`h stgib. Ygtf- s
cht fsshts
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