1st DAY REVIEWER  ACTIVE RECREATIONAL

ACTIVITIES- requires one to

expand energy while performing.
Engage for a purpose of relaxation
HEALTH OPTIMIZING P.E 4 (HOPE4)
or enjoyment rather than formal
competition.
NATURE AND BACKGROUND OF
Example: Swimming, rafting,
OUTDOOR RECREATION
mountain climbing, cycling, etc.
OUTDOOR RECREATION- organized
OUTDOOR- natural or semi-environment
activities done during one’s free time for
and resources outside an enclosed area.
individual reasons, needs, or interest
where a certain interaction takes place
BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR RECREATION
between man and an element of nature.
LAND WATER AIR
Most people answer on when and why  Mountaineerin  Swimming  Parasailing
do people engage in outdoor g  Snorkeling  Skydiving
 Trekking  Diving  Paragliding
recreation.
 Hiking  Surfing
 Done during vacation or school
 Camping  Canoeing
break.
 Backpacking  Kayaking
 Wants to have fun.
 Picnic  Whitewater
 To be done outdoor with nature.
 Bird watching Rafting
 Mountain  Sailing
Reasons why people engage in ORAs Biking  Fishing
1. Some do it for personal satisfaction  Orienteering  Bamboo
and enjoyment  Canyoneering Rafting
2. A time away from day-to-day  Rock Climbing
routine.
3. To attain certain fitness level. 1. PHYSICAL HEALTH BENEFITS
4. To be in touch with nature. -Being outdoors prevents a
5. For personal pursuit such as person from having a sedentary
photography, collecting seashells, life. This is a great distraction from
reaching the top of a mountain or gadgets. It allows people to move,
conquer the rapids of a river. whether by walking, running,
swimming, biking, paddling, etc.
2. PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL
RECREATION- derived from the Latin BENEFITS
word recreare which means to be -Being outdoors also improves
refreshed. It is the activities done during our self-esteem, confidence, and
free time for enjoyment, fulfillment, and creativity.
relaxation which are freely chosen which 3. SOCIAL BENEFITS
have socially redeeming values. -Outdoor recreation also
promotes stewardship. This is the
TWO TYPES OF RECREATION: way for families to become closer.
 PASSIVE RECREATIONAL 4. ECONOMIC BENEFITS
ACTIVITIES- done during leisure - People who have a relaxed
but a sedentary position. It body and mind tend to be more
refreshes/restore one’s strength. productive at work. This translates
Example: Camping, picnic, nature into efficiency at the workplace.
sight seeing, photography, etc. 5. SPIRITUAL BENEFITS
 - Being one with nature
brings certain calmness within a
person.
1. No Parking
2. No Left Turn
3. Flammable
4. No Smoking
5. Pedestrian Crossing not Allowed
6. Road Slippery when Wet
7. Traffic Light Ahead
8. 60 Speed Limit
9. No Entry (One way Traffic)
10. No Overtaking
11. Truck Prohibited
12. Rock falling
PREPAREDNESS OF THE PHYSICAL
BODY
 Outdoor recreation involves a lot of
physical activities, but it does not
require one to have athletic level
skills to be able to participate.
 The ff. might be considered in
preparing one’s body to do outdoor
recreation:
 Take Health-Related
Physical Fitness Test.
 Reflect back on the
activities for the past
weeks or months and
lifestyle as a student such
as:
- Were you able to carry out your
day-to- day task with alertness and
vigor?
- Have you been too spending too
much with your gadgets?
- Has your body been getting
enough rest and sleep?
- Have you been dependent on fast
foods, chips, and sodas?
- Have you been heavily stressed
with schoolwork?
- Are you eating on time?
THE LEAVE NO TRACE SEVEN
PRINCIPLES:
PRINCIPLE 1: PLAN AHEAD AND
PREPARE
 Check the place. Check if your
planned activity is permitted. Make
sure to know the rules, guidelines,
and safety procedures they have
set.
 Prepare the equipment needed.
Make sure you have the needed
equipment for your activity and the
skills needed to undertake the
activity.
 Know how to address to
emergencies. Plan how to cope in
case emergency arises.
 Check the weather. Check the
weather forecast and be prepared
for changing weather conditions.
 Keep your group small. To
minimize environmental impact
and for safety reasons.
 Use map. Avoid markings and
leaving marks on rocks and the
line.
PRINCIPLE 2: TRAVEL AND CAMP ON
DURABLE SURFACES
 Walk, run bike and or camp
durable surfaces. Like
established tracks, rocks, gavel,
and dry grasses.
  Avoid walking on soft surfaces.
You might be trampling on a young
tree or pasture and this will cause
vegetation damage.
 Use existing trail or campsites.
No need to build a new campsite
that will alter the environment.
 Walk in a single file. To avoid
erosion.
 Keep the campsite small and
discreet.
PRINCIPLE 3: DISPOSE OF WASTE
PROPERLY
 “Pack it in, pack it out.” It means
that everything you brought should
be brought back with you including
left-over food or fruit peel. Nothing
should be left.
 For human waste, covered it
with soil or with leaves.
 Use biodegradable soap when
washing dishes. Dishes should
be washed 200 feet away from
lakes or rivers.
PRINCIPLE 4: LEAVE WHAT YOU FIND
 Do not touch nor leave marks on
any archeological structure, old
walls and the like.
 Leave nature as you find them.
Do not take any plant, rocks,
plants, or marine animal with you.
 Avoid non-native plants and
animals.
 Do not build structures,
furniture, or dig trenches.
PRINCIPLE 5: MINIMIZE CAMPFIRE
IMPACTS
 Use lightweight stove for
cooking. Campfires can cause
lasting impacts.
 Keep fires small. Use only sticks
from the ground that can be broken
by hand.
 Do not burn plastics or other
materials that emits toxic fumes.
 Make sure fired are completely
out. Scatter the cool ash.
PRINCIPLE 6: RESPECT WILDLIFE
 Observe wild animals from a
distance. They should be avoided
during sensitive times such as
mating, nesting, or raising the
young.
 Do not feed wild animals. The
food might damage their health or
alter their natural behaviors and
even expose them to predators.
 Protect wildlife and protect your
food as well. By restoring and
securing the trash well.
 Do not bring your pets with you.
PRINCIPLE 7: BE CONSIDERATE OF
OTHER VISITORS
 Respect people who lived and
work in the countryside.
 Let others have a momentous
experience as well.
 Allow the sound of nature to
prevail. Not your noise or your
audio.
 Be courteous. Yield to others on
a trail.
 Camp away from trails and other
visitors.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN
MOUNTAINEERING
TIPS FOR FIRST TIME MOUNTAIN
CLIMBERS
- The Philippines is blessed with many
mountains situated in different provinces.
 Opt for mountains suited to your
fitness level.
 Train before the hike.
 Check the weather.
 Prepare your essentials.
 Secure a guide.
 Enjoy the hike.
TRAIL SIGNS AND LABELS
- Clearly mark trails with these easy-
to-read recreation signs.
- These signs are best used in areas
where hiking and other recreational
trail activities are permitted.
 MOUNTAINEERING ACTIVITIES

MOUNTAINEERING
- Defined as a sport in attaining or
attempting to attain high points in
mountainous regions, mainly for
the pleasure of the climb.
- Enthusiasts see this as a sport, a
profession or recreation as it
challenges one’s determination,
capacity, and skills.

How did Mountaineering Begin as an

Activity?
 Horace- Benedict de Saussre
saw Mont Blance in the Alps of
Europe. He was challenged by its
height and that brought his
determination that one day he will
reach the peak.
 Michael Gabriel Paccard and
Jaques Balmart claimed the
Saussre’s prize money in 1786.
 Year 1850 a groups of British,
Swish, Italian climbers scaled the
high peaks of Switzerland.
 Mountaineering was then being
distinguished as a sport as more
and more climbers were
conquering peaks throughout
Europe.

 In the Philippines, first attempt to

climb Mt. Apo (highest peak in
the Ph) was recorded in 1852 by
Jpse Oyanguren and in 1870 by
Señor Real. However, both failed
to reach the peak.
 It was October 10, 1880 that a
successful expedition lead by Don
Joaquin Rajal was recorded.
 BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY
BUSINESS- is part and parcel of human
society, is an entity in which economic
resources or inputs, such as materials and
labor, are put together and processed to
provide goods or services or outputs to
customers.
Why engage in business? Of course to
earn PROFIT!
THREE TYPES OF BUSINESS
ORGANIZATIONS
 Service Businesses provide
services rather than products to
customers.
 Merchandising Businesses sell
products they purchase from other
businesses to customers.
 Manufacturing Businesses
change basic inputs into products
that are sold to customers.
FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
1. Sole Proprietorship- a business
owned by one person.
2. Partnership- an association of two
or more people as partners; it
refers to an arrangement in which
the individuals share the profits
and liabilities of a business
venture.
3. Corporation- an entity created by
law that is separate and distinct
from its owners and its continued
existence is dependent upon the
corporate statues of the state in
which it is incorporated.
THE CORE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
 FAIRNESS
 Just and reasonable
treatment of the
stakeholders
 Free from discrimination
and according to the rules
and principles of the
corporation.
 ACCOUNTABILITY
 Assume complete
responsibility.
 Answerable for his/her
decisions, actions, and
behaviors.
 TRANSPARENCY
 Openness and willingness
by the company to provide
clear, factual, and timely
information on the financial
situation, performance,
ownership, and corporate
governance of the
company.
COMMON PRACTICES IN BUSINESS
ORGANIZATIONS
1. Employee Conduct
(Accountability)
2. Equal Opportunity (Fairness)
3. Attendance and Time Off
(Accountability, Fairness)
4. Computer Use (Transparency,
Accountability)
5. Noncompetition (Fairness)
6. Finance and Accounting
(Transparency)
Examples of morally unacceptable CLASSICAL ETHICAL
policies and practices PHILOSOPHIES AND
PHILOSOPHERS
1. Bribery
2. Conflict of interest and loyalty ETHICS
3. Harassment  These are the principles of
4. Forced overtime conduct governing an individual
or group.
Examples: personal ethics
CODES OF ETHICS FOR BUSINESS (rules by which an individual lives
his or her personal life),
accounting ethics (codes that
guide the professional conduct of
accountants)
 It is the study of morality.

PHILOSOPHY
 It is the “study of the fundamental
nature of knowledge, reality, and
existence.”
 It helps us better understand who
we are, why we are here, and
where we are going.

ETHICAL THEORIES
 VIRTUE ETHICS- Virtuous, or
moral character.
 DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS- Duty
ethics adhering to ethical
principles.
 CONSEQUENTIALISM- The
morality of an action upon the
consequences of the outcome.

IMPACT OF BELIEF SYSTEM IN
BUSINESS
IMPACT OF CHRISTIANITY IN
BUSINESS PRACTICES:
Christians glorify God in many
ways through worship, evangelism,
giving alms, having faith and doing
actions in imitation of God. They
apply their beliefs to align with
business practices are
demonstrated in examples below:
1. In producing goods
2. In employing people and
being employed
3. In buying and selling
4. In earning profit
IMPACT OF ISLAM TO
BUSINESS PRACTICES:
The Islamic Code of Ethics is
governed strictly so that Muslims
are required to behave in
accordance to it because all
dealings are witnessed by Allah.
Adherence to the moral code and
ethical behavior is part of the Six
Pillars of Iman.
1. Practice freedom of
enterprise
2. Be honest and truthful
3. Trade through mutual
consent
4. Treat workers fairly
5. Keep one’s word
6. Be humble
7. Seek halal earnings
IMPACT OF BUDDHISM IN
BUSINESS PRACTICES:
Buddhism’s main tenet is to do
no harm. An analysis will show that
Buddhism can affect business
practices positively.
1. Foster minimalistic world
view and free oneself
from worldly
attachments.
2. Strike a balance between
toiling and overworking.
3. The Eightfold path states
to say the truth, practice
non-harm in words and
actions, and commit no
wrong.
4. Must free oneself from
temptations, cravings,
and distractions.
5. No exploitation.
IMPACT OF JUDAISM IN
BUSINESS PRACTICES
There are 613 mitzvot
(commandments) that are equal in
importance to the “Ten Commandments”.
1. Business in good faith.
2. Treatment of workers.
3. Trading
THE SIX PILLARS OF FAITH (IMAN) IN
ISLAM
1. Belief in the existence and unicity
of Allah.
2. Belief in the existence of Angels.
3. Belief in the books of Allah.
4. Belief in Allah’s messengers and
that Muhammad is the last of them.
5. Belief in the Day of Judgement.
6. Belief in the Qadhaa’ & Qadr
(Doom & Divine Decree)

THE NOBLE EIGHTFOLD PATH

1. Right understanding
(Samma ditthi)- to understand
wholesome deeds and
comprehend the law of Karma.

2. Right thought (Samma

sankappa)- the intention of
non-greed, non-hatred, and
non-delusion.

3. Right speech (Samma vaca)-

abstaining from false,
malicious, harsh speech and
idle chatter. 

4. Right action (Samma EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGIES

kammanta)- abstaining from
killing, stealing, and sexual
misconduction.
5. Right livelihood (Samma
ajiva)- abstaining from wrong
and corrupt means of
livelihood.  COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY that
6. Right effort (Samma
vayama)- awakening zeal for
abandoning unwholesome
states; arising and sustaining
wholesome states.
7. Right mindfulness (Samma
sati)- constant contemplation
on body, feelings, mind, and
Buddhist teachings.
8. Right concentration (Samma
samadhi)- abandoning lust ill-
will, sloth-torpor, worry,
agitation, and doubt through
meditation.
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AND
INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY
ICT- stands for INFORMATION AND
deals with the use of different
communications technologies such as
mobile phones, telephone, internet, etc., to
locate, save, send, and edit information.
COMPUTER- an electronic device that
manipulates and is capable of accepting,
processing, displaying and restoring data.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
 High Speed
 Accuracy
 Storage Capability
 Diligence
 Versatility

TYPES OF COMPUTER:
  SUPERCOMPUTERS- used to
process very large amounts of
information including processing
information to predict hurricanes,
satellite images and navigation,
and process military war scenarios.
 MAINFRAMES- used by
government and businesses to
process very large amounts of
information.
 PERSONAL COMPUTERS (PC)-
smaller and less powerful than the
others. They are used in homes,
schools, and small businesses.
ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
 A. PEOPLEWARE- refers to the
role people play in usage,
maintenance, and development of
hardware and software.
 B. HARDWARE- refers to the set
of electronic program instructions
or data a computer processor
reads in order to perform a task or
operation.
 C. SOFTWARE- if a computer is to
function, software is not functional.
Everything that a computer does,
from the time you turn the power
switch on until you shut the system
down, is under the control of
software.
2 general categories of software:
 System Software- includes the
programs that are dedicated to
managing the computer’s
hardware and software resources
in order for the computer to work
efficiently.
Examples:
 Operating System (OS)
 Software Utilities
 Disk Operating System
(DOS)
 Application Software- productivity
programs or end-user programs
that enables users to complete
task such as creating documents,
doing online research, sending
email, designing graphics and
even playing games.
Examples:
 Word Processing
Software
 Spreadsheet Software
 Database Software
 Presentation Graphic
Software
 Graphics Software
 Multimedia Software
PARTS OF A COMPUTER
 SYSTEM UNIT- this houses the
Motherboard, Microprocessor,
Memory Chips, Buses, Ports,
Expansion Slots, and Cards.
 MOTHERBOARD/ MAINBOARD/
SYSTEM BOARD- The main
circuit board of a computer. It
contains all the circuits and
components that run the computer.
 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)- The processor is the main
“brain” or “heart” of a computer
system. It performs all of the
instructions and calculations that
are needed and manages the flow
of information through a computer.
 PRIMARY STORAGE- Is the
computer’s working storage space
that holds data, instructions for
processing and processed data
(information) waiting to be sent to
secondary storage.
TYPES OF PRIMARY STORAGE
 Read Only Memory (ROM)- Is
non-volatile, meaning it holds data
even when the power is ON or
OFF.
 Random Access Memory (RAM)-
Is volatile, meaning it holds data
only when the power is ON.
 SECONDARY STORAGE
DEVICES- Device use for storing
or safekeeping of files.
Examples:
 Floppy Disk Drive (Diskette)
 Optical Drives
  CD- Compact Disc  Philippines is one of the largest
 VCD- Video Compact Disc countries which houses BPO
 DVD- Digital Versatile Disc centers.
 Hard Disk Drive (HDD)  There are 106.8 cellphones for
 Flash Disk Drive (FDD) every 100 Filipinos.
 Solid State Drive (SSD)
Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide
 INPUT DEVICES- Device used to Web.
enter data or give instructions to
the computer. Web 1.0 (Static Page) – it is the
Examples: “readable” phrase of the World
 Keyboards Wide Web with flat data. A static
 Mouse pages’ meaning users cannot
 Microphone interact with the page and the page
 Camera is in read-only format.
 Stylus Pen Examples:
 Touch Screen  Shopping carts
 Bar Code Reader  Mp3.com
 Scanners
Web 2.0 (Dynamic Page)- it is the
 OUTPUT DEVICES- Device that “writable” phrase of the World
are used to display or produce the Wide Web with interactive data. It
outputs of the computer. allows users to interact more freely
Examples: with each other. It also encourages
 Monitor participation, collaboration, and
 Speakers information sharing.
 Printers Examples:
 Projectors  YouTube
 Flickr
 Facebook
INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION Web 2.0- Dynamic Webpage
COMMUNICATION  The term used to describe the
TECHNOLOGY collection of web applications used
for interaction and collaboration.
Digital Natives- a person born or  It was coined by Darcy DiNucci in
brought up during the age of digital 1999. It does not refer to a new
technology. version of the web, just a refocus
of its use.
ICT IN OUR COUNTRY  It is more than the retrieval of
 In Philippines, dubbed by most as information. It is the participation
the ICT Hub in Asia due to the in a website.
growth of BPO Industries.
 Time Magazine’s “The Selfiest Features of Web 2.0
Cities Around the World for 2014” 1. Folksonomy. It allows users to
placed two cities from the categorize and classify/arrange
Philippines in the top 1 and 9 information freely chosen
spots. keywords (tagging). This is also
Makati City- Ranked 1st referred to as hashtag.
Cebu City- Ranked 9th 2. Rich User Experience. Content is
dynamic and is responsive to
 user’s input. An example would be
a website that shows local content.
3. Long Tail. Services are offered on
demand rather than on a one-time
purchase. In certain cases, time-
based pricing is better than file-
size-based pricing or vice versa.
4. User Participation. The owner of
the website is not the only one who
is able to put content.
(Amazon.com, Online stores)
5. Software as a Service. Users will
subscribe to a software only when
needed rather than purchasing
item. (Google Docs, Word
Processor)
6. Mass Participation. It is a diverse
information sharing through
universal web access. It is based
on people from various cultures.
Web 3.0 and the Semantic Web
 Semantic Web- is a movement led
by the Word Wide Web
Consortium (W3C). It provides a
framework that allows data to be
shared and reused to deliver web
content specifically targeting the
user.
 Web 3.0- It is the “executable”
phrase of Word Wide Web with
dynamic applications, interactive
services, and “machine-to-
machine” interaction. One
example of Web 3.0 is Tivo, a
digital video recorder. Its recording
program can search the web and
read what it finds to you based on
your preferences.
Several Problems of Web 3.0
1. Compatibility. HTML files and
current web browsers could not
support Web 3.0.
2. Security. The user's security is
also in question since the machine
is saving his or her preferences.
3. Vastness. The World Wide Web
already contains billions of web
pages.
4. Vagueness. Certain words are
imprecise. The words "old" and
"small" would depend on the user.
5. Logic. Since machines use logic,
there are certain limitations for a
computer to be able to predict what
the user is referring to at a given
time.
Trends in ICT
1. Convergence- is the synergy of
technological advancements to
work on similar goal or task. For
example, besides using your
personal computer to create word
documents, you can now use your
smartphone.
2. Social Media- a website,
application, or online channel that
enables web users to create, co-
create, discuss, modify, and
exchange user generated content.
Six types of Social Media:
A. Social Networks. Sites that allow
you to connect with other people
with the same interests or
background.
Examples:
 Facebook
 Google+
B. Bookmarking Sites. Sites that
allow you to store and manage
links to various websites and
resources.
Examples:
 StumbleUpon
 Pinterest
C. Social News. Sites that allow
users to post their own news items
or links to other news sources.
Examples:
 Reddit
 Digg
D. Media Sharing. Sites that allow
you to upload and share media
 content like images, music, and
video. 4. Assistive Media- is a non-profit
Examples: service designed to help people
 Flicker who have visual and reading
 YouTube impairments. A database of audio
 Instagram recordings is used to read to the
user.
E. Microblogging. Sites that focus
on short updates from the user.
Examples: RULES OF NETIQUETTE
 Twitter Internet- defined as the
 Plurk information superhighway.
Online Safety and Security-
F. Blogs and Forums. Websites common threats faced by the
allow users to post their content. netizens everyday include other
Examples: netizens with malicious intent
 Blogger (scamming, phishing, and other
 WordPress cybercrimes), unsecured
 Tumblr programmed web applications, and
malwares (virus, worm, trojan
horse, etc.)
3. Mobile Technologies- The
popularities of smartphones and
tablet has taken a major rise over
the years. This is largely because
of the devices capability to do the
tasks that were originally found in
PCs.

Mobile OS:
A. iOS - used in Apple devices such
as the iPhone and iPad.
B. Android- an open source
operating system developed by
Google. Being open source means
several mobile phone companies
use this OS for free.
C. Blackberry OS - used in TIPS TO STAY SAFE ONLINE
Blackberry devices. Here are some tips to help you stay safe
D. Windows Phone OS- a closed when using the Internet.
source and proprietary operating 1. Be mindful of what you share
system developed by Microsoft. online and what site you share it
E. Symbian- the original smartphone to.
OS; used by Nokia devices. 2. Do not just accept terms and
F. Webos- originally used for conditions; read it.
smartphones; now used for smart
TVs.
G. Windows Mobile- developed by
Microsoft® for smartphones and
pocket PCs.
 3. Check out the privacy policy page
of a website to learn how the
website handles the information
you share.
4. Know the security features of the
social networking site you use. By
keeping your profile private, search
engines will not be able to scan
your profile.
5. Do not share your password with
anyone.
6. Avoid logging in to public
networks/Wi-Fi. Browsing in
"incognito (or private) mode," a
feature of the browser, will not
protect you from hackers.
7. Do not talk to strangers whether
online or face-to-face.
8. Never post anything about a future
vacation. It is similar to posting,
"Rob my house at this date."
9. Add friends you know in real life.
10. Avoid visiting untrusted websites.
11. Install and update an antivirus
software on your computer. Use
only one anti-virus software to
avoid conflicts.
12. If you have a Wi-Fi at home, make
it a private network by adding a
password.
13. Avoid downloading anything from
untrusted websites. You are most
vulnerable in peer-to-peer
downloads (torrents) as the
download is most likely not
monitored by the site owner.
14. Buy the software; do not use
pirated ones.
15. Do not reply or click links from
suspicious emails.
Internet Threats
Here are some of the threats you should
be aware of when using the Internet:
1. Malware - stands for malicious
software.
a. Virus - a malicious program
designed to replicate itself and
transfer from one computer to
another either through the Internet
and local networks of data storage
Like flash drives and CDs.
b. Worm - a malicious program that
transfers from one computer to
another by any type of means
Often, it uses a computer network
to spread itself. For example, the
ILOVEYOU worm (Love Bug
Worm) created by a Filipino,
c. Trojan - a malicious program that
is disguised as a useful program
but once downloaded or installed,
leaves your PC unprotected and
allows hackers to get your
Information.
*Rogue security software -
tricks the user into posing that it is
a security software. It asks the
user to pay to improve his/her
security but in reality, they are not
protected at all.
d. Spyware - a program that runs in
the background without you
knowing it (thus called "spy”). It
has the ability to monitor what you
are currently doing and typing
through keylogging.
*Keyloggers- used to record
the keystroke done by the users.
This is done to steal their
password or any other sensitive
information. It can record email,
messages, or any information you
type using your keyboard.
e. Adware - a program designed to
send you advertisements, mostly
as pop ups.
 2. Spam - unwanted email mostly
from bots or advertisers. It can be
used to send malware.
3. Phishing- Its goal is to acquire
sensitive personal information like
passwords and credit card details.
This is done by sending you an
email that will direct the user to
visit a website and be asked to
update his/her username,
password, credit card, or personal
information.
*Pharming - a more
complicated way of phishing where
it exploits the DNS (Domain Name
Service) system.
4. Scamming- an act of the attacker
that seeks to gain the victim’s trust
takes advantage of the victim to
perform further attacks.
5. Hacking- Obtaining unauthorized
access to data from a certain
computer network.
Protecting Reputations Online
 In the past, doing something
embarrassing was not much a big
deal.
 Nowadays, embarrassing
moments are captured using any
device you could imagine.
 This could impact not your
reputation but also the people
around you.
Think Before You Click
T- Is it True?
H- Is it Helpful?
I- Is it Inspiring?
N- Is it Necessary?
K- Is it Kind?
1. Before you post something on
the web, ask these questions to
yourself:
 Would you want your
parents or grandparents
to see it?
 Would you want your
future boss to see it?
2. Your friends depend on you to
protect their reputation online.
Talk to your friends about this
serious responsibility.
3. Set your post to "private" In this
way, search engines will not be
able to scan that post.
4. Avoid using names. Names are
easy for search engines to scan.
5. If you feel that a post can affect
you or other's reputation, ask
the one who posted it to pull it
down or report it as
inappropriate.
Copyright Infringement
Intellectual Property- an idea, an
invention, a form of literary work, or
a research, you have the right as
to how it should be used by others.
Copyright Law- includes your
rights over your work, anyone who
uses it without your consent is
punishable with law.
Copyright Page- you will find
disclaimer with the words: “No part
of this book may be copied,
reproduced…”
Tips that could help you avoid
copyright infringement:
1. Understand. Copyright protect
literary works, photographs,
paintings, drawings, films, music
(and lyrics), choreography, and
sculptures.
2. Be Responsible. Even if a
material does not say that it is
copyrighted, it is not a valid
defense against copyright.
3. Be Creative. Ask yourself whether
what you are making is something
that came from you or something
made from somebody else’s
creativity.
4. Know the Law. There are some
limitations to copyright laws. It is
also provision of “fair use” which
 mean that intellectual property may
be used without a consent as long
as it is used in commentaries,
criticisms, search engines,
parodies, news reports, etc.
Online Research
1. Have a question in mind. Focus
on a question you want answered.
2. Narrow it down. Search engines
like Google, Bing, or Yahoo use
several filters to determine the
most appropriate result for you.
3. Advanced Search. The best way
to filter information you get from
search engines is by using the
advanced search. It is also a set of
digital tool that aid user in
performing research.
4. Look for credible source. Some
wikis, filled with updated
information, are not a credible
source. When using wikis, check
out the link of the cited text.
5. Give credit. Give credit to the
original author of the page or
information. To properly site a
reference, you may use the format
below.
Name of the person or organization (the author of
the information). Title of the homepage in italics
(title shown in the title bar but is sometimes
APPLIED PRODUCTIVITY TOOL WITH
missing or unrelated). URL. Date last seen.
ADVANCED APPLICATION
MICROSOFT WORD- the most
important word-processing office
application used by students,
teachers, IT professionals and
companies, etc. around the world.
FEATURES:
 Template
 Clipboard
 Font (Color, Size, Style)
 Paragraph
 Styles
 Editing
 View
 LETTERS- Microsoft enables you
to create a range of
correspondence from a simple
office memo to mail-merged from
letters with hundreds of addresses.
 ENVELOPES- Can be created or
Word can read a letter you have
typed in the program, collect the
address information and
automatically create a matching
envelope.
FORMAT USING MS WORD:
 Header & Footer
 Headings, Subtitles
 Cover Page
 Picture (format, arrange)
 Drop Cap
 Table of Contents
 References
 Page Border, Color & Watermark
MICROSOFT EXCEL- Electronic
spread sheet programs were
originally based on paper spread
sheets used for accounting. The
horizontal rows are identified by
numbers and the vertical
columns by letters of the
alphabet.
MICROSOFT POWERPOINT-
Used to create professional looking
slide shows that can be displayed
on projectors or big screen TVs.
FEATURES:
 Slide Master
 Design
 Transition
 Animation (Entrance, Emphasis,
Exit, Motion Path)
 Animation Pane
CREATING A PRESENTAION
 24 is the default font size
 Dark background = light text
 Light Background = dark text
 Color Scheme
 Animation & Transition should be
on point

CREATING AN EFFECTIVE
PRESENTATION
 Minimize- keep slides to a
minimum to maintain a clear
message and to keep the audience
attentive.
 Clarity- avoid being fancy by using
a font style that is easy to read.
Make sure that it is also easy to
read.
 Simplicity- summarize the
information on the screen. Limit
that content to six lines and seven
words per line also known as 6x7
rule.
 Visuals- use graphics to help you
in the presentation but not too
many to distract the audience.
 Consistency- make your design
uniform. Avoid having different font
styles and backgrounds.
 Contrast- use light font on dark
background or vice versa. In most
instances, it is easier to read on
the screen if the background is
dark.
A text or object that contains a link to
another life, web page, a place in a
document, a link to a new document, or an
email address.
LINK TO OPTIONS:
a) Existing file or web page- creates
a hyperlink to website or a local file
saved in your hard drive.
b) Place in this document- creates a
hyperlink that allows you to jump to
a specific slide in your
presentation.
c) Create a new document- creates
a hyperlink that clicked, creates a
new document on your specific
location.
d) E-mail address- creates a
hyperlink that opens Microsoft
outlook that automatically adds
your specified recipient on a new
mail.

EMBEDDING
The act of placing objects within the
presentation.
1. Go to Insert tab.
2. On the Text group, click on
Object.
3. The insert Object dialog box would
appear:

OPTIONS
a) Creates New- creates a new file
from scratch. You can select on a
wide variety of files listed.
b) Create from file- creates a file
from an existing file save in your
drive.

HYPERLINK