Reviewer in PE 4

OUTDOOR RECREATION
- organized activities done during one’s free time for his/her personal reasons, where an interaction between
man and an element of nature is present.
- people do it for personal satisfaction and enjoyment
- RECREATION came from the word recrea which means “to be refreshed”

Three Parts of the Day (according to Clayne R. Jensen)

EXISTENCE TIME
- spent for biological needs (eating, sleeping, other personal care)

SUBSISTENCE TIME
- spent for economic purposes (going to work, hours spent to school, chores, studying)

FREE TIME
- remaining time after

Varied Outdoor Reacreational Activities

LAND WATER AIR
Mountaineering Swimming Parasailing
Hiking/Trekking Snorkeling Skydiving
Camping Diving Paragliding
Backpacking Surfing
Picnic Canoeing
Bird-watching Kayaking
Mountain Biking Whitewater Rafting
Orienteering Sailing
Rock Climbing Fishing
Canyoneering Bamboo Rafting

BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR RECREATION

PHYSICAL BENEFITS
- prevents person to have a sedentary/boring life
- allows to move (walking, running, jumping, swimming, biking, etc.)
- reduced obesity, risk of disease, enhanced immune system and increase life expectancy

PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL BENEFITS
- helps people to relax, rest, de-stress, and recharged
- improves self-esteem and creativity
- allows individual to discover his/her inner spirit and sense of self
- creating new behaviors and identity

SOCIAL BENEFITS
- gives opportunity to make family becomes closer to each other
- allows one to meet and interact with others who share the same passion for the outdoor activities
- promotes stewardship

ECONOMIC BENEFITS
- people who have a relaxed body and mind tend to be more productive at work, translating into efficiency at
the workplace.
- ecotourism creates jobs and other economic activities which can, one way or another, contribute to
economic growth.

SPIRITUAL BENEFITS
- brings certain calmness within a person.
- strengthens an individual as it heals, rejuvenates, and soothes the body and soul.
THE LEAVE NO TRACE SEVEN PRINCIPLES
- set of universal outdoor ethics that guides one in the activities to do with nature
- provides the framework for making decisions in outdoor recreation.

Principle 1: Plan Ahead and Prepare

- Before going to a place, check if your planned activity is permitted. Make sure to know the rules, guidelines, and
safety procedures they have set. Some places require certain permits or clearances.
- Make sure you have the needed equipment for your activity and the skills needed to undertake the activity.
- Plan how to cope in case emergency arises.
- Check the weather forecast and be prepared for changing weather conditions.
- Learn when areas are most crowded and try to avoid those times.
- To minimize environmental impact and for safety reasons, keep group numbers small.
- Repack food to minimize waste.
- When trekking, maps and compass must be used to avoid markings or leaving of marks on rocks and the like.

Principle 2: Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces

- Walk, run, bike, or camp on durable surfaces like established tracks, rocks, gravel, and dry grasses.
- Avoid walking on soft surfaces like soft plants. You might be trampling on a young tree or pasture and this will
cause vegetation damage.
- Use existing trails or campsites; no need to build a new campsite that will alter the environment.
- To avoid erosion, walk in single file in the middle of the trail.
- Avoid places where impacts are just beginning to show.
- When camping, keep the campsite small and discreet.
- Camp at least 200 feet from lakes and rivers to protect the waters.

Principle 3: Dispose of Waste Properly

- “Pack it in, pack it out” means everything you brought should be brought back with you including left-over food
or fruit peel. Nothing should be left.
- When camping, cat holes are dug (6–8 inches deep) for human waste and covered just the same with soil and
weeds or leaves on top.
- Dishes should be washed 200 feet away from lakes or rivers. Biodegradable soap must be used. Scatter strained
dishwater.

Principle 4: Leave What You Find

- Examine archeological structures, old walls, and other heritage artifacts but do not touch nor leave marks on
them.
- Leave nature as you found them. Do not take any plant, rock, or marine animal with you.
- Avoid introducing non-native plants and animals.
- Do not build structures or furniture, or dig trenches.

Principle 5: Minimize Campfire Impacts

- Use lightweight stove for cooking; campfires can cause lasting impacts.
- If fires are permitted, use fire rings or mound fires that are already set-up.
- Keep fires small and use only sticks from the ground than can be broken by hand.
- Never burn plastics or other substances that emit toxic fumes.
- Burn all wood to ash and make sure fires are completely out. Scatter the cool ash.

Principle 6: Respect Wildlife

- Observe wild animals from a distance and they should be avoided during sensitive times such as mating, nesting,
or raising the young.
- Do not feed wild animals or birds as it is not their natural food. The food might damage their health or alter their
natural behaviors and even expose them to predators.
- Protect wildlife and protect your food as well by storing and securing the trash well.
- In case you decide to bring your pets along, make sure it is allowed and you can control them. Otherwise, do not
bring them with you.

Principle 7: Be Considerate of Other Visitors

- Respect people who live and work in the countryside.
- Respect other visitors and let them have a momentous experience as well.
- Allow the sound of nature to prevail, not your noise or your radio.
- Be courteous; yield to others on a trail.
- Camp away from trails and other visitors.

SNORKELING
- an aquatic activity wherein human is given a chance to interact with the marine lives underwater without having
trouble in breathing
- not only for recreational activities but also for water-based researches, saving lives and water sports
Basic Equipment in Snorkeling

1. Mask
- The mask serves as the viewing device in appreciating the world
beneath the water.
- The airspace created in the mask is what helps in seeing clearly
underwater.
- The nose being enclosed in the mask will have its special
function of equalizing pressure during dives.
- The two most important things to remember in choosing a mask
are fit and comfort.

2. Snorkel
- The snorkel is a piece of equipment that makes it possible to
breathe at the surface while the face is submerged in water.
-
Dry Valve – completely stops water (and air) from entering the tube
Splash Guard – prevents water and spray from easily entering the tube
Purge valve – empties the collected water that comes down the tube

3. Snorkeling fins
- The snorkeling fins provide the necessary locomotion to propel effortlessly
in the water.
- Fins conserve more energy and, therefore, allow the snorkeler to reach
further distances.
- Fins may also protect the feet from accidental contact with rocks and
corals. Treading in water also becomes easy with fins.

4. Snorkel vests
- Snorkel vests provide more buoyancy while floating on water. However, a
snorkeler must take note that snorkel vests are not equivalent and should
never be used as a substitute for life vest.

5. Skin protection
- In place of a good biodegradable sunscreen, a snorkeler may wear a long sleeve rash guard, which not
only protects the skin from the heat of the sun but may also provide jellyfish sting protection.
- If insulation is needed from the cold waters, then a wetsuit will be a better option.

6. Swimming cap
- The swimming cap is a big help in keeping hair out of the snorkel and the face as well.
- It will also help keep the scalp from burning during a sunny day.

7. Mask defogger
- Mask defogger helps prevent the mask from fogging up.

SWIMMING
- an activity of propelling oneself through water using limbs

Purposes of Swimming
- Fun and Recreation
- Relaxation
- Competition
- Rescue (saving lives)

Benefits of Swimming
- Low Impact
- Can be continued for a lifetime
- Cardio-respiratory Fitness
- Burns calories
- Family bonding
Safety Practices in Outdoor Recreation

CPR
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which is a lifesaving technique that is administered when breathing and
heartbeat of a person stopped, such as during a heart attack or drowning.
- Includes ABC (A- airway, B – breathing, C – compression)

When to stop CPR

You should continue performing cycles of CPR at 30 compressions to two rescue breaths. If performing compression-
only CPR, you should continue compressions with no interruptions other than to change a tired rescuer. If you are using
an AED, the device will ask you to stop to allow it to reassess after 2 minutes.
Only stop CPR if:

1. The casualty shows signs of life, e.g. moving, moaning, coughing or opening the eyes AND starts to breathe
normally.
2. Someone more qualified arrives and takes over.
3. You are exhausted and cannot carry on.

COMMON INJURIES IN OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

 Cuts, Scrapes, and Punctures
 Sprains, Strains, and Fractures
 Concussions
 Blisters
 Burns Or Scalds

COMMON ILLNESSES IN OUTDOORS ACTIVITIES

 Fever
 Headache
 Altitude/Mountain Sickness
 Hyperthermia (Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke)
 Hypothermia
 Diving-Related Sicknesses (Barotrauma, Decompression Sickness)

AQUATIC HAZARDS
 Sting Of Jellyfish, Portuguese Man-Of-War, Or Fire Corals
 Sea Urchin Puncture/Weever Fish Sting
Stingray Venom

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