Saint Louis University

School
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE Seal

IACD-MOOC EVALUATION TEMPLATE

Name: Dimalanta, Pearl Caira Mae D. Date: November 12, 2021

Class code & schedule: 4032 MT 1:30-6:00

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. Use this template to complete the five assignments below.

2. Feel free to adjust the boxes where you write answers.
3. Follow basic academic writing conventions.
4. Before submission, change the file name of this document. Label it with your
Surname-Given Name-IACD MOOC Evaluation
5. For OBL students, submit the assignment in the Google Classroom. Submit also your IACD
MOOC completion certificate, which you will receive right after finishing unit 18.
6. For CBL students, submit both evaluation template and completion certificate in your CBL
Google Classroom.

UNIT 2 ASSIGNMENT- WRITING A SHORT CULTURAL GUIDE FOR INTERNATIONAL

STUDENTS

● Draft a short cultural guide for a group of international students who are planning to visit
your country for a month. Include some information related to the following words below.
● Please answer with up to 1000 – 1500 words, not characters (correction to the instruction
given in the MOOC assignment).
● Rubric foci: Clarity of information,
Presentation and organization
Writing conventions (references included)
Geography, history, climate
Economy and business
Political structure
Language
Religious beliefs
Ethnic groups
Gender equality
Negotiations
Communication with co-workers
System of education
Page 1 of 17
 Saint Louis University
School
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE Seal

Style of communication – greetings, gestures, formality

Gift giving
Entertaining, food, going out with friends
Business etiquette
Leadership and management style

Page 2 of 17
Write your answer here

The Philippines is formally called The Republic of the Philippines. It is an

archipelago, along with approximately 7,641 islands, sprawling over about 300,000
rectangular kilometers. These are divided into 3 principal island agencies, particularly
Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The Philippines has a populace of approximately one
hundred million, with approximately 10 principal ethnolinguistic agencies and extra
than one hundred tribal agencies or indigenous peoples.

Although the Philippines is positioned in Southeast Asia, its human beings are
typically deemed to be significantly “much less Asian” than the ones from different
Asian countries. This is because of the myriad of populations the United States of
America has had at some point of the years, such as Chinese, Malay, and Islamic
peoples to name a few. The Philippines prides itself in its wealthy cultural history,
stimulated maximum appreciably through Spanish and American colonialism. In a
sense, Philippine tradition may be stated to be a wedding of the East and the West.

Spanish impacts on Philippine tradition are most obvious on the subject of faith
and spiritual practices. As the slogan suggests, “It’s extra a laugh inside the Philippines”.
Numerous “fiestas” or spiritual galas are celebrated year-round, by and large in honor
of their respective consumer saints. Fiesta celebrations contain entire communities, with
locals decking the exteriors in their homes in vegetation and decorations and
establishing their houses to neighbors and vacationers alike to partake in luxurious
feasts.

The professional languages within the Philippines are Filipino and English. Filipino is
broadly mentioned as “Tagalog”, as this was once the country’s country wide
language, being spoken via means of over 1/2 of of the population. Aside from
Tagalog, there are 18 different recognized nearby languages and over one hundred
eighty indigenous languages. English is used as the medium of guidance within the
instructional system. It is likewise used professionally throughout unique fields, which
include business, broadcast media, government, and medicine.

When encountering acquaintances, Filipinos will frequently contact cheeks or

“beso” (from the Spanish time period for kiss). The beso is an unmarried cheek-to-cheek
kiss, despite the fact that a few might do “beso-beso” or provide each cheek in greater
acquainted and affectionate relationships. It is a great not unusual place as aN
informal greeting for participants of the top class, even as it's far typically used for the
duration of one's own circle of relatives’ gatherings throughout classes. Cheek kisses are
exchanged among a male and a lady or females, in no way among adult males as in
that of Arab countries.
 Filipinos are greater collectivistic than individualistic, in order that they regard
their own circle of relatives and societal gadgets highly. They will generally tend to
comply in this sort of manner to keep away from disagreement and posing
inconvenience on others – the idea of “pakikisama”. One who no longer practices
“pakikisama” may be extensively disliked and be deemed as a part of an outgroup, in
place of being included into society. Filipinos even have a heightened feel of
indebtedness or “utang na loob”. This is quite an observable norm of reciprocity; while
you do a Filipino a favor, they'll truly don't forget this and are available in your resource
with the destiny whether or not you require it or not.

On a comparable note, due to the fact they love meals, a Filipino will regularly
greet you with a “Have you eaten?” or “Let’s eat!” (“Kain!”), whether or not they
certainly chanced upon you in public, are assembling you in the office, or inviting you
into their home. When ingesting at an eating place in groups, Filipinos will typically order
meals for sharing or their own circle of relatives’ style. Be observant, as being the
primary to get meals can be seen as rude. It is secure to civilly decline or provide the
meals to others first after which wait till its miles supplied to you a 2d time earlier than
getting your element. Similarly, while a final element or piece of the dish is left, Filipinos
will commonly watch for each other rather than having it proper away, regularly
finishing up in leaving it untouched altogether. In addition to this, Filipinos also are
susceptible to any other type of “hiya” – defined as shyness or disgrace in a social
context. This courses their decision-making and behaviour, in that they try to preserve a
feel of propriety. For them, failure to accomplish that will no longer best him or herself,
however can also be a mirrored image on their own circle of relatives.

Power distance is obvious in Philippine culture. This method that subordinates

personnel commonly receive the hierarchy in agencies and haven't any qualms
approximately been instructed what to do through their superiors. They will extra
regularly than now no longer seek advice from their higher-ups as “Sir” or “Ma’am”,
rather than being on a first-call basis. Employees of extra distinguished multinational
agencies will try and study an extra Western, egalitarian culture. However, do now no
longer be amazed in case you are nevertheless addressed as such out of dependency
and as a shape of respect.

Despite the strength distance, managers or bosses are nevertheless predicted to

have a degree of cordiality of their dealings. Because Filipinos cost interpersonal
relationships, they may reply properly to fantastic reinforcement whether or not verbally
or via easy pats at the back. On the other hand, a supervisor who's too socially
indifferent from his or her group can also additionally revel in trouble getting its
complete cooperation.
 Another phrase of caution for control and organizational development – Filipinos
commonly discover positive grievances tough to swallow. What can be an attempt to
provide overall performance assessment and remarks to enhance overall performance
may also backfire, as Filipinos are aware of dropping face, in particular in the front in
front of their peers, colleagues, or superiors. This brings us back to the idea of “hiya” as
cited earlier.

At the end of the day, it's a quality to preserve in thoughts that Filipinos are very
social. You may be capable of constructing an expert dating based on what you
accept as true in case you display actual hobby on your enterprise partner, colleagues,
or personnel as someone and now no longer simply assets of the enterprise they
constitute or belong to.

Reference:

Fernando, C. (2021). Philippine Culture: What Makes the Filipinos Different From
the Rest of the World. Retrieved from: https://www.zenrooms.com/blog/post/philippine-
culture/

Thompson, S. (2017). Cultural Differences in Body Language to be Aware of.

Retrieved from: https://virtualspeech.com/blog/cultural-differences-in-body-language

UNIT 8 ASSIGNMENT- REFLECTING ON DIFFERENT BODY LANGUAGES

● To understand more the concepts of masculinity and femininity and how some
societies can be categorized as masculine or feminine, watch this video of Geert
Hofstede on masculinity versus femininity, https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=QXK3Z88feXs
● Please share and reflect on experiences of yours with different body languages
depending on people's gender, ethnic origin, and cultural background (up to 1000
words, not characters). 
● Rubric foci: Clarity and depth of reflection
Conclusion
Writing conventions (references included)

Write your answer here

 Body language makes up the biggest part of our non-verbal communication -
eye contact, gestures, and facial expressions can bring effective messages. However,
there are significant cultural variations in how human beings use frame language to
communicate. Sometimes it's very obvious, typically very subtle. Whether in culturally
numerous agencies or traveling rising markets, expertise in what human beings suggest
via their frame language may be a challenge.

I don’t particularly have experiences regarding the gestures of people of

different genders or ethnicity from another country but I have lots here in the
Philippines. For example, lip pointing, my mom usually uses this gesture when we ask her
about things that we are looking for. Filipinos have a propensity of pointing not only with
their fingers but also with their lips. It's a motion they use when they want to know where
something or someone is. For example, rather than stating 'It's on the table' or 'He's
inside,' gesturing with the lips is more likely to receive a response. Lip pointing isn't just
reserved for when someone asks a question. However, after initiating eye contact, it
may also be used to draw someone's attention to something. Another expression that
my mom usually makes is the “I don’t know” expression. This facial expression, when
combined with a quick bow and a furrowed brow, conveys 'I don't know.' It can also
convey disdain.

Another gesture used in the Philippine culture is mouth opening. Usually, in the
American lifestyle a gesture of opening the mouth means getting amazed or shocked.
But, in the Filipino lifestyle, the gesture of opening the mouth means that the person
didn't recognize or didn’t pay attention to you. Keeping a mouth open is a non-verbal
manner of asking ‘What did you say?’ One of the many gestures that we often used as
kids is using our hands to give a compliment to oneself or to others. This is often used by
boys to indicate that they are handsome but ladies can also use this to indicate that
they are beautiful. We usually use our index and thumb fingers to form a check-like
hand gesture and place it just below our chin. This is used to indicate that I, or you, are
very good looking. This hand gesture is used in other countries such as America to
indicate the expression of smiling.

In Filipino culture a sign made by the thumb and the index finger creating a zero
mostly means money. But to some countries it either means something being okay and
well done or it may mean something offensive or inappropriate to some countries The
Filipino hand gesture of wagging and pointing the index finger conveys the nonverbal
message of 'Lagot ka,' which is akin to the idioms 'You're in danger,' or 'You're dead
meat.' This may be done with either hand's index finger by moving it back and forth.
Whether or not you say 'Lagot' / 'Lagot ka' while making this hand signal, the message is
the same: 'You're in trouble.' You're likely to see this gesture among children when one
does something that might land her or him in trouble and another child watches it.
 The well recognized peace symbol, one hand gesture that you're probably
acquainted with, is the V-shaped sign formed by the index and middle fingers as a sign
of 'peace.' It's been featured in well-known photographs and television broadcasts, as
well as by US President Richard Nixon and the hippies! This hand motion is used in a
somewhat different way in the Philippines. They typically use it to express regret for
inadvertently bringing someone into trouble or tattle on someone.

Another widespread Filipino hand signal is the 'thumbs up,' which is used in much
the same way as it is in most other parts of the world. A thumbs-up gesture can be used
to express 'good,' 'alright,' 'okay,' or to acknowledge or approve something. In most
nations, a thumbs-up gesture denotes approval. The gesture, however, has the
connotation of "up yours!" in various nations in West Africa and the Middle East,
including Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan, and is used in the same manner the middle finger
is used in the United States.

As children, we also grew up with our parents telling us to do “pagmano” to our

elders. "Mano" is a Spanish word that means "hand," and "po" is a Filipino phrase that
means "respect." It is done by lightly touching the elder's palm on the forehead while
saying "mano po." It is normally done by a younger person to show respect for the
elders and to accept a blessing from them. Some Filipinos refer to Mano as "bless"
informally. Also, when we were kids our parents would give us the famous “silent look”.
This serves as a warning for us to behave ourselves or else we’ll get punished at home.
This is our parent’s way of silently telling us that we are doing something wrong,
misbehaving or it is also a way of asking us not to do something.

In the Philippines, physical contact among close friends, relatives or even

acquaintances are quite prominent. Aside from the “beso” gesture, locking, hands,
arms or “akbay” is used as a form of physical contact between close friends and family.
These gestures are used by both males and females. Girls usually either lock hands or
arms with their female friends while boys usually use the gesture “akbay” with their male
friends. While these gestures can also be used to the opposite sex, you must make sure
that you are close enough with the person you want to do this gesture to or else it can
be taken as a form of harassment.

Filipinos love interacting or talking to people especially when they randomly see
a friend or someone they know while on the streets. While it is true that speaking on the
street may inconvenience some people, you can politely pass between them by using
gestures. You don't need to say 'excuse me' or 'pardon me' if you're about to walk
between two persons who are conversing. This will simply serve to disrupt their discourse.
Before walking between them, simply drop your head and stretch your arm
downwards. This gesture expresses courtesy and respect for the two individuals chatting
without saying anything. There are more interesting gestures that you can learn from the
Philippines and you can observe them when you know some Filipinos or if you come visit
our country.

Reference:

Anza, P. (2021). 10 Filipino Gestures and Their Meanings. Retrieved from:

https://owlcation.com/humanities/Meanings-of-Filipino-Gestures-and-Body-Language

Pablo, C. (2017). Filipino Body Language. Retrieved from:

https://www.conozcopablo.com/2017/02/filipino-body-language.html

● You are looking for some investors for your new project, and there is an excellent
chance to present your ideas. You heard that world-renowned businessman – Mr.
Smith from Great Britain in Europe – is going to visit your city. He is known for his rich
investments all over the world. Therefore, you decide to meet him and check
whether he could also be your investor. Your assistant arranges an appointment. Mr.
Smith agrees to meet you and informs you that he will be accompanied by a
person who knows well the topic you want to talk about – Professor Jones. You are
about to organize this business meeting at your office. You know Mr. Smith will
come together with Professor Jones, so you decide to ask one of your most
experienced employees to join the meeting and share some advice. And you also
have this new guy in your company, he works here only for a month now, but he
looks like he knows what he's doing. You might also need his opinion during this
meeting. And your assistant – no one takes notes as accurately as she does, she also
has to be there. Moreover, there it's time for the meeting. There they come, Mr.
Smith looks exactly like you imagined him, but Professor Jones appears to be a
woman. After a few words of greetings, both guests hand you're their business cards.
Then you all shall sit at the table. After a short, small-talk, you can finally do
your business.
● Seat your guest at the table. What will be the order of seating? Where should each
person be seated? Use the diagram below to illustrate your answer further. (please
answer up to 1000 – 1500 words, not characters)
 ● Rubric foci: Clarity of explanation
Conclusion
Writing conventions (references included)

Write your answer here

I would let Professor Jones sit at the left end of the table (the focal point) while
Mr. Smith is to be seated at the right end of the table (the power seat). I would be
seated at the right hand of Mr. Smith with my assistant beside me. I would let my most
experienced employee sit at the right hand of Professor Jones and the new employee
just across from my seat.

I’d put Mr. Smith in the power seat because he is a very well-known businessman
whom I want to persuade to become my investor. This is the most noticeable seat in the
room, akin to being at the head of the table. The person seated at the far end of the
table, facing the door, can observe everyone enter and depart, as well as make eye
contact with everyone else at the table, giving him or her the greatest power. It is
usually given to a person of a high rank or status. This critical position places you in the
middle of the conversation, allowing you to steer the discourse with your unique
vantage point. So get this seat if you want to command attention and lead the
discussion in the right way. With him in the power seat, he can easily give
recommendations or suggestions regarding the topic.

I’d put Professor Jones in the focal point seat because even though she is not as
well known as Mr. Smith in the field of business, she is an important guest brought by him
who would most likely have a great impact on his decisions. The focus point is where
the person in power is looking, even though the power seat is the most apparent. This is
the seat on the other side of the table from the power seat (with its back to the door).
The individual seated here is probably passionate about a subject and wants to take
the lead in the debate and change people's beliefs. This is the best seat in the house for
making a statement and taking command. Proceed with caution, since this position
puts you in close contact with the power seat.
 In the meeting, I would be seated at the right hand of Mr. Smith (the second in
command seat). Since I am the one who initiated the meeting in order to gather
investors, I should be seated at the right hand of the power seat to indicate authority.
This will show the other participants that I am knowledgeable and also have the ability
to influence people’s decisions regarding the proposal. My new employee who also
knows what he’s doing will be seated at the left hand of the power seat. I placed him
there because he might give fresh or new ideas that Mr. Smith would like to consider if
he is to invest in our business. The seats to the left and right of the power seat indicate
individuals who are or want to be next in line in the office politics hierarchy. Make a
beeline for one of these prized seats if you're searching for a way up. If you have a
choice, consider this: According to University of Oregon research, sitting to the left of a
person in the power seat earns them significantly more favor, but sitting to the right is
generally seen as more powerful (you've heard the term "right-hand man"...). It's up to
you whether you want to ingratiate yourself with the boss or assert your own power.

Meanwhile, I would place my most experienced employee at the right hand of

Professor Jones and my assistant on her left hand side. In this manner, my most
experienced employee will be able to relate more and understand Professor Jones’
suggestions or recommendations about the given topic since they are both very
knowledgeable of the ideas presented. Having him seated beside her will also give me
assurance that he would most likely give me ideas or suggestions that will lead to the
acquiring investors. My assistant would be seated at her left side so that she can
carefully take note of Professor Jones’ ideas and suggestions that would most likely be a
driving factor that would greatly influence Mr. Smith’s decision of either choosing to
invest or not.

I placed Mr. Smith at the power seat and Professor Jones at the focal point seat
so as to give the notion that I respect both of them as a professional. I want to show
them that I recognize both of their achievements and their opinions equally. I don’t
want them to think that I am discriminating against them based on their gender, wealth
or profession. But instead, I want them to know that regardless of their standing or
reputation, their opinions and ideas would both be respected and considered. Overall,
the sitting arrangement that I chose aims to recognize the power of both the guests
and the hospitality of the coordinators of the meeting as well as proving that there is
equality in the workplace.

Reference:

York, D. (2018). Where you sit at a meeting may say something about your role.
Retrieved from: https://qz.com/work/1496160/where-you-sit-at-a-meeting-may-say-
something-about-your-role/
 UNIT 17 ASSIGNMENT- COMPARING BODY LANGUAGE AND GESTURES

● Enjoy watching a YouTube video about body language and cultural gaffes beyond
your borders presented by Jody Olsen (available online
at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haohj1sVnyk)
● Think about body language and gestures that are specific to your cultural society.
Are they different or similar to the examples shown in the video? Can you give an
example of a particular gesture commonly used by people in your environment?
(please answer with up to 1000-1500 words, not characters)
● Rubric foci: Compare/contrast explanation
Conclusion
Writing conventions (references included)

Write your answer here

Body language makes up the biggest part of our non-verbal communication -

eye contact, gestures, and facial expressions can bring effective messages. However,
there are significant cultural variations in how human beings use frame language to
communicate. Sometimes it's very obvious, typically very subtle. Whether in culturally
numerous agencies or traveling rising markets, expertise in what human beings suggest
via their frame language may be a challenge.

I don’t particularly have experiences regarding the gestures of people of

different genders or ethnicity from another country but I have lots here in the
Philippines. For example, lip pointing, my mom usually uses this gesture when we ask her
about things that we are looking for. Filipinos have a propensity of pointing not only with
their fingers but also with their lips. It's a motion they use when they want to know where
something or someone is. For example, rather than stating 'It's on the table' or 'He's
inside,' gesturing with the lips is more likely to receive a response. Lip pointing isn't just
reserved for when someone asks a question. However, after initiating eye contact, it
may also be used to draw someone's attention to something. Another expression that
my mom usually makes is the “I don’t know” expression. This facial expression, when
combined with a quick bow and a furrowed brow, conveys 'I don't know.' It can also
convey disdain.

Another gesture used in the Philippine culture is mouth opening. Usually, in the
American lifestyle a gesture of opening the mouth means getting amazed or shocked.
But, in the Filipino lifestyle, the gesture of opening the mouth means that the person
didn't recognize or didn’t pay attention to you. Keeping a mouth open is a non-verbal
manner of asking ‘What did you say?’ One of the many gestures that we often used as
kids is using our hands to give a compliment to oneself or to others. This is often used by
boys to indicate that they are handsome but ladies can also use this to indicate that
they are beautiful. We usually use our index and thumb fingers to form a check-like
hand gesture and place it just below our chin. This is used to indicate that I, or you, are
very good looking. This hand gesture is used in other countries such as America to
indicate the expression of smiling.

In Filipino culture a sign made by the thumb and the index finger creating a zero
mostly means money. But to some countries it either means something being okay and
well done or it may mean something offensive or inappropriate to some countries The
Filipino hand gesture of wagging and pointing the index finger conveys the nonverbal
message of 'Lagot ka,' which is akin to the idioms 'You're in danger,' or 'You're dead
meat.' This may be done with either hand's index finger by moving it back and forth.
Whether or not you say 'Lagot' / 'Lagot ka' while making this hand signal, the message is
the same: 'You're in trouble.' You're likely to see this gesture among children when one
does something that might land her or him in trouble and another child watches it.

The well recognized peace symbol, one hand gesture that you're probably
acquainted with, is the V-shaped sign formed by the index and middle fingers as a sign
of 'peace.' It's been featured in well-known photographs and television broadcasts, as
well as by US President Richard Nixon and the hippies! This hand motion is used in a
somewhat different way in the Philippines. They typically use it to express regret for
inadvertently bringing someone into trouble or tattle on someone.

Another widespread Filipino hand signal is the 'thumbs up,' which is used in much
the same way as it is in most other parts of the world. A thumbs-up gesture can be used
to express 'good,' 'alright,' 'okay,' or to acknowledge or approve something. In most
nations, a thumbs-up gesture denotes approval. The gesture, however, has the
connotation of "up yours!" in various nations in West Africa and the Middle East,
including Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan, and is used in the same manner the middle finger
is used in the United States.

As children, we also grew up with our parents telling us to do “pagmano” to our

elders. "Mano" is a Spanish word that means "hand," and "po" is a Filipino phrase that
means "respect." It is done by lightly touching the elder's palm on the forehead while
saying "mano po." It is normally done by a younger person to show respect for the
elders and to accept a blessing from them. Some Filipinos refer to Mano as "bless"
informally. Also, when we were kids our parents would give us the famous “silent look”.
This serves as a warning for us to behave ourselves or else we’ll get punished at home.
This is our parent’s way of silently telling us that we are doing something wrong,
misbehaving or it is also a way of asking us not to do something.

In the Philippines, physical contact among close friends, relatives or even

acquaintances are quite prominent. Aside from the “beso” gesture, locking, hands,
arms or “akbay” is used as a form of physical contact between close friends and family.
These gestures are used by both males and females. Girls usually either lock hands or
arms with their female friends while boys usually use the gesture “akbay” with their male
friends. While these gestures can also be used to the opposite sex, you must make sure
that you are close enough with the person you want to do this gesture to or else it can
be taken as a form of harassment.

Filipinos love interacting or talking to people especially when they randomly see
a friend or someone they know while on the streets. While it is true that speaking on the
street may inconvenience some people, you can politely pass between them by using
gestures. You don't need to say 'excuse me' or 'pardon me' if you're about to walk
between two persons who are conversing. This will simply serve to disrupt their discourse.
Before walking between them, simply drop your head and stretch your arm
downwards. This gesture expresses courtesy and respect for the two individuals chatting
without saying anything. There are more interesting gestures that you can learn from the
Philippines and you can observe them when you know some Filipinos or if you come visit
our country.

Reference:

Anza, P. (2021). 10 Filipino Gestures and Their Meanings. Retrieved from:

https://owlcation.com/humanities/Meanings-of-Filipino-Gestures-and-Body-Language

Pablo, C. (2017). Filipino Body Language. Retrieved from:

https://www.conozcopablo.com/2017/02/filipino-body-language.html
 REFLECTING IACD – MOOC EXPERIENCE
In 5 sentences, explain which learning unit did you enjoy the most.

The learning unit I enjoyed the most is unit 2. I was able to learn more about the term
culture as well as how it is defined by various people. I enjoyed learning about what
makes each culture different and how people came to terms in accepting each
other’s similarities and differences. I love how people are proud of where they came
from, their beliefs, traditions, clothing and way of living. I am proud to see that people
from different countries are getting along and sharing their culture with others as well.
In 5 sentences, explain what new knowledge and skills did you acquire from the IACD
MOOC experience.

Through the IACD MOOC experience, I was able to learn the significance of respect
with regards to keeping peace and order. I was also able to acquire the skill of
understanding and empathizing with people. Completing and reading the modules also
taught me patience and perseverance. I also learned to be open-minded especially
when socializing with people of different races or countries. It taught me the skill of
intercultural competency.
 In 5 sentences, discuss the importance of intercultural awareness and global skills to
your academic discipline.

Intercultural awareness and global skills are very important in my academic discipline
because they are needed when conducting meetings or conferences regarding
product/project proposals. Since our course is all about technology and robots, we
need to get financial aid or investors from foreign countries who are well-known in the
technological field. We need these skills so that we are able to communicate with our
foreign investors or clients easily. Having knowledge regarding their culture will also give
us a higher chance of product/project approval and funding. It is because we will be
able to prepare for the presentation well as we incorporate their beliefs within it.

Reference:

ERASMUS+ FRIENDS, (2019), "Intercultural Awareness and Cultural Diversity (IACD)-

Massive
Open Online Course (MOOC). https://erasmusplusfriends.eu/courses/iacd-
mooc/
Geert Hofstede Consortium. (2016). Geert Hofstede on Masculinity versus Femininity.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXK3Z88feXs

Wu, Chris (2011). Cultural Gaffes Beyond Borders.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haohj1sVnyk)