Class - III Session 2021 - 2022 Subject - EVS

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Our Busy Body
Have you ever thought of what a wonderful thing our body is! We eat, sleep, think, feel
and all this we do without realising how we do them.
Our body is made up of millions of cells. A cell is the basic and smallest unit of life
present in all living organisms. There are different types of cells in our body. Same type
of cells join together to form a tissue. Similarly, a group of tissues form an organ that
performs a particular function. Our body has two types of organs - external organs and
internal organs.

External Organs
The organs that are visible to us are called external organs. The head, shoulders,
limbs and feet are some of the external organs. The sense organs - eyes, nose, ears,
tongue and skin - are also external organs.
Internal Organs
The organs that are inside the body and not
visible to us are called internal organs.
The brain, heart, lungs, kidneys and stomach
are some of the internal organs.
Let us now learn about some important
internal organs.

Brain : Have you ever wondered how we

solve a mathematical problem? It is one of
the several activities that our brain helps us
perform. The brain helps us think, remember
things, solve problems, make decisions and
communicate our feelings and thoughts. It
also controls our muscle movements. It
controls voluntary actions which we can
choose to do, such as clapping, reading and
eating. It also controls involuntary actions
such as breathing and blinking which happen on their own.
Heart : The heart is a muscular, hollow structure located in the chest, slightly towards
the left. The heart is the size of one’s fist. It pumps blood through a system of blood
vessels. The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the other parts of the body
are known as arteries. The blood vessels that bring blood back to the heart from the
other parts of the body are known as veins. When the heart pumps blood, it makes a
lub-dub sound. This is called heartbeat. During a physical activity, our heart beats faster
to supply blood to the muscles. The more intense a physical activity is, the faster the
heart beats.

Stomach : When we eat food, it passes from our mouth to a pipe-like structure called
food pipe. The food pipe empties the food into a J-shaped sac called stomach. It is
located in the upper abdomen. It stores and churns the food with the help of strong
muscles and breaks them into tiny particles. These food particles get mixed with the
digestive juices produced inside the stomach. Then, the food is released into the small
intestine for further digestion.

Kidneys : The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the abdominal region. We
have two kidneys - one on the right and the other on the left side. The right kidney is
slightly smaller than the left one. Kidneys filter and remove excess salt and water from
our body in the form of urine.

Lungs : The lungs are two sacs placed inside the chest cavity. The left lung is slightly
smaller than the right lung. Lungs help us breathe. They filter oxygen from the air we
breathe in and expel carbon dioxide when we breathe out. This is called breathing.

The human body is just like a machine because it has to do a lot of work. Just as a
machine has several smaller parts working as a whole, the human body, too, consists of
several organ systems that work together as one unit. A group of organs working
together to carry out one important function for the body is called an organ system.
There are seven important systems in our body. Each system has a different function
but they work together like a team to keep our body fit and healthy. They are:

1. The skeletal system.

2. The muscular system.
3. The respiratory system.
4. The digestive system.
5. The excretory system.
6. The nervous system.
7. The circulatory system.
 1.The skeletal system
There are total 206 bones in our human body. These
bones together make up the skeletal system. The bones
are covered with flesh and skin. Our skeleton gives
shape and structure to our body. It also protects our
delicate internal organs. To keep our bones healthy and
strong we must drink a lot of milk.

2.The muscular system

The muscular system is made up of muscles which cover
our entire body. The bones in our body cannot move on
their own. They have to be pulled by the muscles. There
are around 650 muscles in our body. We must exercise
daily to keep our muscles healthy and strong.

3.The respiratory system

The system in our body that helps us to breathe is called the respiratory system. Clean
air is very important for respiration. Respiration happens when the air we breathe in is
used to break down food substances to release energy. This energy is used by our
body to perform various activities. The organs which form our respiratory system are
Nose
This is where air enters our bodies. The hairs in our
nostrils
catch dirt and dust particles and clean the air we
breathe.
Windpipe
The windpipe (also known as trachea) is a long tube
that goes
down our neck to the lungs. The lining in the
windpipe makes
mucus, which traps dust and other dirt particles.
Lungs
Lungs are the main respiratory organs in our body.
They are a
pair of spongy, elastic and bag-like structures. When
we
breathe in, the lungs get filled with fresh air. This air is taken
by blood to all parts of the body and the used air is then given
back to the lungs. The air we inhale contains a lot of oxygen
which is taken in by the lungs. In our body, the amount of
oxygen decreases as our body takes oxygen for respiration and gives out carbon dioxide which
is, then, released out of the body.
 4.The digestive system
The digestive system helps to digest the food we eat. Our food
travels down through each organ in this order - mouth, food
pipe (also known as esophagus), stomach, small intestine,
large intestine and anus. Good eating habits help us to lead a
healthy life.

5.The excretory system

The excretory system helps us to throw out the wastes from
our body. It includes the kidneys, large intestine and skin. The
wastes get removed from our body in solid form and also as
urine and sweat.

6.The nervous system

The nervous system consists of the brain, the spinal cord and the
nerves. The brain is the master organ of our body. It helps all the
systems to work properly. It also helps us to learn, think and
understand. The spinal cord and the nerves carry signals from the
body to the brain and bring the desired instructions back for the body
to act upon.

7.The circulatory system

The heart, blood and blood vessels together make up
the circulatory system. This system is responsible for
the transportation of blood to all the parts of the body.
Our heart pumps blood to different parts of the body
through the blood vessels. As the blood flows through
the blood vessels, it picks up useful parts of food from
the intestines and oxygen from the lungs and carries all these to
every part of our body.