University of Baghdad

College of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

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BSc. Course
Forth Stage

COUSE INSTRUCTORS
Prof. Dr. Nazar K. Oukaili
Prof. Dr. Abbas A. Allawi
Lect. Teghreed H. Ibrahim
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SELECTED TOPICS
REFERENCES:
1- Hetenyi, M. "Beams on elastic foundation "
2- Nilson, A. and Winter, G. "Design of concrete structures "
3- Anchor, R. " Design of liquid retaining concrete structures"
4- Sehgal, P. "Design of irrigation structures"

SYLLABUS:
1. DESIGN OF BRIDGES
 Types of Bridges.
 Design Specification.
 Loadings.
 One Way Slab Bridge System.
 Girder–Deck Slab Bridge System.

2. BEAMS ON ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS

 Introduction and Definitions.
 Derivation of Differential Equation.
 Elastic Foundation.
 Rigid Foundation
 Applications.

3. DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE TANKS

A) Reinforced Concrete Circular Tanks.
 Design Specifications.
 Analysis and Design Procedure.
 Under-Ground and Over-Ground Tanks.
 Loading Cases.
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 Applications.
B) Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Tanks.
 Design Specifications.
 Analysis and Design Procedure.
 Applications
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CHAPTER 1: DESIGN OF BRIDGES

Introduction:
A bridge is a structure that is built over a railway, river, or road so that people or vehicles
can cross from one side to the other.

Bridge Components:
The major components of bridges can be divided into two components:

 Superstructure: The part of the structure which is supports traffic and includes
deck, slab and girders. All the parts of the bridge which is mounted on a supporting
system can be classified as a Super structure.
 Substructure: The part of the structure, ie piers and abutments and foundation,
which supports the superstructure and which transfers the structural load to the
soil.
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Deck: is the bridge floor directly carrying traffic loads. Deck transfers loads to the girders
depending on the decking material.

Beam / Girder: Beam or girder is that part of the superstructure which is under bending
along the span. It is the load-bearing part which supports the deck.

Bearing: it transfers loads from the girders to the pier caps

Pier Cap / Headstock is the component that transfers loads from the superstructure to the
piers. Pier cap provides sufficient seating for the Bridge girders.
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Abutment: An abutment may be used for the following:

1. To transfer loads from a superstructure to its foundation elements.

2. To resist lateral loads such as the earth-pressure and wind loads.
3. To support one end of an approach.
It consists of three parts:
1. Breast wall
2. Wing wall
3. Back wall

Back wall

Wing wall

Breast wall
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Piers: A vertical supporting structure which may be designed as a column or bearing wall.
It used to transmit the load from the substructure to the foundation.

Diaphragm: A member that used to provide lateral support for girder and to prevent the
lateral buckling.

Diaphragm
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Types of Bridges:
 Bridges by Structure
1. Girder bridges – Very basic type of bridges that are supported by several beams of
various shapes and sizes.

2. Arch bridges – These bridges uses arch as a main structural component.

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3. Suspension bridges – Bridges that use ropes or cables from the vertical suspender
to hold the weight of bridge deck and traffic.