SCIENCE

First Quarter
Module 1: How Respiratory
System Works

https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/11-3-circulatory-and-respiratory-systems/
 Republic of the Philippines
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 9
SCIENCE
First Quarter
Module 1: How Respiratory
System Works
 SCIENCE 9
First Quarter
Module 1: How Respiratory System Works

INTRODUCTION

This module is written in support of the K to 12 Basic education Program to

ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essential knowledge on how the Respiratory

system works.

This includes the following activities/tasks:

 Expected Learning Outcome – This lays out the learning outcome that you

are expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.

 Pre-test – This determines your prior learning on a particular lesson you

are about to take.

 Discussion of the Lesson – This provides you with the important

knowledge, principles and attitude that will help you meet the expected

learning outcome.

 Learning Activities – These provide you with the application of the

knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and enable

you to further enhance your skills as you carry out prescribed tasks.

 Post-test – This evaluates your overall understanding about the module.

With the different activities provides in this module, may you find this

material engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking skills.

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 What I Need to Know
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

 Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to

transport gases, and other molecules to and from the different parts of
the body (S9LT-Ia-b26)
Learning objective:

 Describe the passage of air from outside environment to the lungs

What I Know
Pre-Test

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Write the letter of your correct answer in your notebook.

1. Breathing is only one part of respiration. What is the second part of

respiration?
a. Cellular respiration
b. Inhaling and exhaling
c. The movement of the diaphragm
d. Circulation of blood throughout the body
2. What will happen in the process of cellular respiration?
a. Energy is not released
b. Carbon dioxide are produced
c. Oxygen combines with Carbon dioxide
d. Oxygen and food molecules combine, Carbon and water are produced
and energy is released
3. What are the parts of the respiratory system?
a. The lungs, heart and blood
b. The rib cage, diaphragm and lungs
c. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and energy
d. The lungs, throat, and passageways that lead to the lungs
4. How do the respiratory system and circulatory system work?
a. Always work independently from one another
b. Work together to keep blood pumping to all parts of the body
c. Work together only when we are active, and never when we are resting
or sleeping
d. Work together to deliver oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide
from the body

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5. What material do we get rid of when we exhale?
a. Water
b. Energy
c. Oxygen
d. Carbon dioxide and water
6. Which of the following sites would be the most lethal if obstructed by a
foreign body?
a. Trachea
b. Alveolar duct
c. Left bronchus
d. Right bronchus
7. Which of the following is the function of the respiratory system?
a. Absorption
b. Gas exchange
c. Structural support
d. Transport of oxygen
8. Where does the trachea lead?
a. Bronchi
b. Esophagus
c. Bronchioles
d. Pulmonary vessel
9. What is the tube that is also known as your windpipe?
a. Alveoli
b. Bronchi
c. Esophagus
d. Trachea
10. Where are the air sacs located?
a. Heart
b. Kidney
c. Lungs
d. Stomach
11. When the diaphragm contracts (is pulled downward), what process occur?
a. A hiccup
b. Inhalation
c. Exhalation
d. The lungs deflate
12. When you breathe, your lungs take in_______ and release________?
a. Waste/air
b. Air/oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide/waste
d. Oxygen/carbon dioxide

6
 What’s In
You learned some parts of the circulatory system and respiratory system.

Activity
WORD SEARCH

Directions: The following words can be found in the maze below. The letters
may be arranged horizontally, vertically, diagonally, or backwards.
Pick 14 words about respiratory system and circulatory system from
the maze and write it in your notebook.

Q Z B T R A C H E A K L R W M
Y N G D L W X A P R B Z Q M G
R H R D Z C Q L V T K P D Y A
O E S Q X P D V B E R W Q Z R
T M S F H Z Y E L R G K L N H
A O T P K J X O O Y L X J M P
L G V E I N Z L O W Q U V Z A
U L Q Z W R H I D X H J N X I
C O T D M Y A L G D L W Q G D
R B P W X A L T Q E S L U P S
I I Y T T M P Y O H Y J W V Z
C N X J R S Z W G R M X V Q P
X Z H K Y A M N O X Y G E N J
P L A T E L E T W R Z X H K Q
K R Q W Z P T H X F I B R I N

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 What’s New
o Have you tried holding your
breath for 25 seconds?
o How did you feel?
o Why do we breathe?
o Why does the heart beat?
o Why is oxygen essential to life?

https://www.slideshare.net/almandix/grade-9-respiratory-system?
qid=ceb608f8-48e3-4a99-9237-695036fe6209&v=&b=&from_search=2

https://www.slideshare.net/almandix/grade-9-respiratory-system?qid=ceb608f8-48e3-4a99-9237-
695036fe6209&v=&b=&from_search=2

What Is It
Read:

In a normal functioning individual, air enters the body through the process
known as breathing. Breathing is defined as the act of pulling into the lungs
(Inhalation) and eliminating air out of the lungs (exhalation).

The air that enters the body includes all the components of air including dust,
dirt, trace gases, and oxygen. Oxygen is absorbed by the blood in exchange for
carbon dioxide, which is a product of energy production in cells and is released
during exhalation.

During the strenuous activity, the body breaks down its food source to
produce energy. In order to convert food energy efficiently, oxygen is required.

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Energy production utilizes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide as a product. As the
activity progresses, the body may lose its supply of oxygen and the person tries to
gasp for air in order to get more oxygen.

Read and Learn More:

The Human Breathing System

Breathe in and out. Notice your chest and belly moving and feel the soft air
passing from the nose. Listen to the quiet sounds of breathing in and out. Imagine
the air moving from the nose into the throat, through the air tubes, and into the
airsacs. The parts of the respiratory system that are in charge of supplying oxygen
are the nose, nasal passageways, windpipe, lungs, and diaphragm. In the nose and
nasal passages, the entering air is made warm, damp, and clean of unknown
particles. Next, the air moves down through the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and
alveoli. Trachea is the empty tube that serves as passageway of air into the lungs.
Bronchi are the branching tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs. Bronchioles
are hairlike tubes that connect to the alveoli. Alveoli are the airsacs that allow gas
exchange in the lungs.

KEY CONCEPTS
The air we breathe goes through the nose, nasal passages. Cilia and
mucus trap tiny particles found in air and warm and moisten the air. Air moves
down the throat, or Pharynx and then through the trachea or windpipe, which
separates into two branches, called bronchial tubes or bronchi, one entering
each lung. The bronchi subdivide many times inside the lungs, analogous to the
branching pattern of grapes, finally becoming hairlike tubes called bronchioles.
In the last part of the terminal bronchioles are tiny bubble-like bunch of
structures called alveoli or air sacs. Oxygen passes into the blood stream.
Carbon dioxide passes out of the blood stream, and is eventually exhaled.

9
Gas Exchange in the Lungs

Gas Exchange in the lungs happens in the alveoli. Some of the features of
alveoli include.

 Thin walls (just one cell thick)

 Large surface area
 Moist surface
 Many blood capillaries

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z6h4jxs/revision/3
Figure 3. Blood Flow in and out of the Heart

KEY CONCEPT
When you breathe in, or inhale, the diaphragm muscle contracts.
Inhaling moves the diaphragm down and expands the chest cavity.
Simultaneously, the ribs move up and increase the size of the chest cavity.
There is now more space and less air pressure inside the lungs. Air pushes in
from the outside where there is a higher air pressure. It pushes into the lungs
where there is low air pressure. When you breathe out, or exhale, the
diaphragm muscle relaxes. The diaphragm and ribs return to their original
place. The chest cavity returns to its original size. There is now less space and
greater air pressure inside the lungs. It pushes the air outside where there is
low air pressure.

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 What’s More
Independent Assessment 1

Activity 1:
PART A
What a Bunch of Grapes!
Objective:
 Identify the key parts of the breathing system
Materials:
Bunch of grapes (or any other bunch of fruits or vegetables such as arosep
or lato (seaweed), lanzones, cauliflower, etc.)
Procedure:
1. Hold up the bunch of grapes. Let the bunch of grapes represent the
breathing system.
2. Within your group, locate the parts of the breathing system; the main stem
as the Trachea, the large branching stems as the Bronchi, and the all the
little stems as the Bronchioles. The individual grapes are the airsacs or
alveoli.
3. One by one gently take out some of the grapes to expose more of the
branching stems (bronchioles). Observe its structure.
4. Trace the pathway of oxygen using the “Bunch of Grapes” model. Note
that air moves from the nose (nasal cavity) and mouth (oral cavity) to the
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and then into the alveoli (airsacs). The air
we breathe carries the gas oxygen. When we breathe, the oxygen goes to
the lungs.

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PART B
Objective: Describe the function of each part of the breathing system
Procedure:
Refer to the diagram, and check your understanding of the breathing system
by labelling each part and giving its functions in the box corresponding to the part.

Guide Questions:
Q1. What does each part of the “Bunch of Grapes” model represent, in relation to the
breathing system?
Q2. How will you describe the pathway of oxygen in the breathing system?
Q3. What will happen if one part of the system fails to carry its functions properly?

Activity 2
Bottled Balloons
Objectives:
 Explain how the lungs work
 Describe how the movement of the diaphragm helps the air go in and out of
the lungs.
Materials:
1 two-liter empty plastic bottle
3 balloons (1 big. 2 small)
1 sturdy straw 1 pair scissors
5 rubber bands
Procedure:
1. Using a pair of scissors, cut the bottom out of the 2-liter plastic bottle.
2. Create two holes that are apart from each other in the cap of the plastic
bottle. Make sure that each hole is just big enough for a straw to fit through.
3. Stick the two straws through the two holes of the bottle cap.

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 4. Place one balloon on the end of each straw, and secure them with rubber
bands, as shown in the figure below.

5. Stick the balloon ends of the straws through the bottle opening and screw
the lid on tightly.
6. Stretch put the larger balloon and place it over the open bottom of the
bottle. Secure it with the rubber band as tightly as possible. Refer to the
diagram of the finished lung model below.

7. Pull the larger balloon down; that is, away from the bottle, in order to blow up
the two small balloons.
8. Push the larger balloon towards the bottle in order to let the air out of the two
small balloons.
9. Write down observations.

Guide Questions:
Q4. What does each part of the constructed lung model represent?
Q5. What happens as you pull down the balloon at the bottom of the model?
Q6. What happens as you push up the balloon?
Q7. How does the movement of the diaphragm cause the air to go in and out of
the lungs?
Q8. What might happen if you prick the balloon?

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 Why do we believe that life is possible only on planets where oxygen is
present? Oxygen is necessary for life to exist. Without it the cells in the body
would not be able to release the energy in food for power, and they would die
minutes. When you inhale air, your respiratory system gets oxygen. When you
exhale, carbon dioxide is released.

Independent Assessment 2

IN WITH THE GOOD AIR, OUT WITH THE BAD

Part A

Directions: Below is the step-by-step path of air through the respiratory

system, but the steps are not in correct sequence. Put them in
order, numbering them from 1 to 8. Write your answer on your
notebook.

________ Air enters the Alveoli

________ Carbon dioxide passes out of the blood stream, and is eventually
exhaled.
________ Cilia and mucus trap tiny particles found in air, and warm and
moisten the air.
________ Air moves through smaller and smaller passageways called bronchi.
________ The Trachea, or windpipe, then carries the air to the lungs.
________ Air enters the nose.
________ Oxygen passes into the blood stream.
________ Air moves down the throat, or pharynx.

Part B

Directions: Composed a simple paragraph based on the step by step flow of

air in the body.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

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 What I have Learned
I learned that:

 Air enters the body through the nose, nasal passages, and then through
the windpipe or Trachea, which divides into two branches, called
bronchial tubes or Bronchi. The bronchi subdivided many times inside
the lungs, forming the hair-like tubes called bronchioles. At the end of
the bronchioles are tiny bubble-like structures called Alveoli

 When you breathe in or inhale, the diaphragm muscle relaxes. The

diaphragm helps the air go in and out of the lungs.

 Air first enter your lungs and then into the left part your heart. It is then
pumped by your heart into the bloodstream, all the way through your
body. Once it reaches the cells, oxygen processes the nutrients to
release energy. Carbon dioxide is the waste materials given off during
this process. The blood delivers carbon dioxide into the right portion of
your heart, from which it is pumped to the lungs. Carbon dioxide leaves
your body through the lungs when you exhale.

What I Can Do
Directions: The questions below are about functions of respiratory system. Read
the following question thoroughly. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. When we breathe in, we inhale many gases present in the air, including
oxygen. What do you think happens to the gasses that are not needed by the
body?

Answer:
_____________________________________________________________

2. How does singing from the diaphragm, instead of the throat, help improve the
voice quality of a singer?

Answer:
_____________________________________________________________

15
 Assessment
Post-test:

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Write the letter of your correct answer in your notebook.

1. What is the space at the back of the mouth, that leads either to the airway or
the esophagus?
a. Larynx
b. Cochlea
c. Pharynx
d. Nasal cavity

2. What are the parts of the respiratory system?

c. the lungs, heart, and blood
b. the rib cage, diaphragm, and lungs
d. oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and energy
d. the lungs, throat, and passageways that lead to the lungs

3. Oxygen from the air enters the blood stream at what location?
a. Alveoli
b. Cardiac notch
c. Pulmonary vein
d. Paranasal sinuses

4. What material do we get rid of when we exhale?

a. carbon dioxide
b. hydrogen
c. nitrogen
d. oxygen

5. When the diaphragm contracts (is pulled downward), what process occur?
a. A hiccup
b. Inhalation
c. Exhalation
d. The lungs deflate

6. When you breathe, your lungs take in_______ and release________?

a. Air/oxygen
b. Waste/air
c. Carbon dioxide/waste
d. Oxygen/carbon dioxide

16
7. What is the gas necessary for the body cells to live?
a. Oxygen
b. Nitrogen
c. Hydrogen
d. Carbon dioxide

8. What part where the oxygen moves from alveoli to the blood through these
tiny blood vessels that line the alveolar walls?
a. Cilia
b. Capillaries
c. Capybaras
d. Chromosomes

9. When we inhale (breathe in), what happens to the pressure in the thorax?
a. It increases
b. It decreases
c. It stays the same
d. It will become normal

10. What happens when we breathe out (exhale)?

a. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward
b. The diaphragm contracts and moves upward
c. The diaphragm relaxes and moves downward
d. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward

11. What happens during gas exchange in the lungs?

a. Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass into the blood
b. Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass out the blood
c. Oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide passes out of the
blood
d. Oxygen passes out of the blood and carbon dioxide passes into the
blood

12. Which of these is an adaptation for efficient gas exchange in the air
sacs (alveoli)?
a. Thick walls
b. Dry surface
c. Moist surface
d. Few blood capillaries

17
REFERENCES

PRINTED

1. Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education (2015). Science

Grade 9 Learner’s Module. REX Book Store Inc.
2. Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education (2015). Science
Grade 9 Teacher’s Guide. REX Book Store Inc.

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