Name : St.

Nuralisa

NIM : I011211046

UNIT 7. EXERCISE 8. PAGE 111-112

Read the following article, pay special attention to the order of steps

in making a submarine sandwich.

Hot Subs for Lunch

The name may be different in other parts of the world. But in Boston, they

are known as "subs," or submarine sandwiches. Their name is due to their shape,

long and narrow like a submarine. A sub sandwich is one of the most popular

lunch items in town.

The best way to find out about subs is to go to a sub shop. There, these

delicious treats are a specialty. You will find huge ovens right behind the counter,

because a real sub is served hot.

The sub sandwich maker usually says, "What kind of sub do you want?"

The customer might answer, "Large Italian."

The expert begins his work of art. He takes a large, long bread roll from a

plastid bag under the counter. He slices it lengthwise and puts in layers of meat

and cheese.
 For the Italian sub, he'd include Genoa salami, mortadella sausage, other

cold meats, and Provolone cheese.

Leaving the sandwich open, the sandwich chef places it on a metal tray.

Then he slides it into the hot oven. He bakes it until the meat is warm and the roll

is toasty.

When the cheese has melted a bit, he knows it's time to take it out. Then he

calls out, "What do you want on your large Italian?"

Everything," is the reply. "Everything" means that he adds mayonnaise,

salt, pepper, olive oil, and a sprinkling of oregano. But that is not all. He also puts

in lots of chopped pickles, onions, and hot peppers. He tops it off with sliced

tomatoes and crunchy chopped iceberg lettuce.

Finally, taking the sandwich in his hand, the sandwich maker folds the two

sides together. He carefully slices it in half and wraps the finished product in

waxed paper.

"For here or to go?" he asks. No matter where you eat it, you can be sure

that you will enjoy lunch that day!

 How did he make the submarine sandwich? Below are the steps he

followed in making the sandwich. But they are out of order. Wrte

the number of the steps in the correct order. Do not look back.

Work with a group of three or four other students.

1. He piles sliced meat and cheese on it.

2. He adds lots of chopped pickles.

3. He places it on a metal tray.

4. He wraps it in waxed paper.

5. He folds the two sides together.

6. He takes a large, long bread roll from a plastic bag.

7. He slices the roll in half lengthwise.

8. He asks, "For here or to go?

9. He calls out, "What do you want on your large Italian?"

10. He allows it to bake until the meat is warm.

The correct order of steps: 6, 7, 1, 3, 10, 9, 2, 5, 4, 8.

 Comparison-Contrast

This is the pattern the writer uses to show how two things are similar

and/or different.

A comparison can include:

a. Only similarities.

b. Similarities and differences.

 A contrast include only the differences. Some signal word for the

comparison-contrast pattern:

Signal of differences:

however but unlike on the other hand

in contrast while although conversely
instead yet rather different from
more than less than    

Comparative forms of adjective and adverbs are also used to signal

difference (older, faster).

Signal of differences :

Like Both similarly in the same way

As Same also in common

 Example A : comparison (Similarities and Differences)

Both New York City and Paris depend on vast subway lines to

transport their millions of commuters. In both cities, the subways

are often crowded, especially at rush hours. Another likeness is the

terrible noise level in the trains. A further similarity is that the two

subway systems both cover a wide area at little expense for

commuters.

However, the differences between the two are quite striking.

While subway stations in New York range from plain to ugly, Paris
 stations are generally attractive. Many of the French stations are

filled with works of art. In Paris, the subway trains are clean and

they run every few minutes. On the other hand, New York's trains

can sometimes be less clean and reliable.

Does this paragraph include similarities, differences, or both?

Main ide : the subway systems of Paris and New York are similar,

but there are also some striking differences.

1. Both : depend on vast subway systems

2. Both : cities (New York City and Paris)

3. Another likeness : very noisy

4. further similarity : large area/little expense forcommuter

5. However : big differences

6. While : New York's stations are often ugly, some

of Paris' are quite beautiful.

7. On the other hand : Paris's trains are clean and rellable/New

York's are quite dirty and unreliable.

 Example B : comparison (similarities)

Can you think of anything that Ukraine and Japan have in

common? Not much, except for one surprising aspect of their

cooking. Ukrainians are fond of a dish called pilmeni. It is made of

pieces of flat pastry folded around a spicey meat filling. The

Japanese make a dish that is remarkably like it, only they call it
 gyoza. In both countries, furthermore, people like to eat their

pilmeni or their gyoza with sauce. The Ukrainians use sour cream

and the Japanese use soy sauce.

Main idea : In Ukraine and Japan, people like to eat a similar food

1. In common : an aspect of their cooking

2. Like it : pastries with meat

3. Both : eat it with sauce

 Example c : contrast (differences)

When the first baby arrives in a household, everything

changes. While before, the mother needed an alarm clock in the

morning, now the baby decides when she should wake up.

Formerly, the parents spent their evenings watching TV or reading,

but not now. All their free time is spent admiring their infant. In

contrast to pre-baby days, their life is more carefully planned.

While they used to go out to see friends whenever they wanted to,

that is not possible any more. If they want to go out without the

baby, they must arrange for a babysitter. Unlike the neat and tidy

rooms of the past, these days their apartment is full of baby things.

Their friends have even noticed a difference in the topic of

conversation: it's always about the baby!

Main idea : when the first baby arrives in a household, everything

changes.
1. While before : alarm clock

2. Now : baby wakes mom

3. Formerly : parents watched television or read

4. But not now : they admire their infant

5. In contrast : life is more carrefully planned

6. While they used to: go out whenever they wanted to

7. Any more : must arrange a baby-sitter

8. Unlike : neat apartment

9. Differences : topic of conversation is always baby