E-Government in ICT and Society

Sukarni Novita Sari, S.Sos., MA

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 CONTENTS
• What is e-government?
• E-government segments
• Why have E-Gov?
• Benefits of E-gov
• Prospective Applications of E-Gov
• Sample E-Gov projects in Kenya
• E-Gov in Kenya - KRA scenario
• Shared Government services – Kenya
• Shared Government services - Kenya
• EMACS in Kenya
• Rationale for eGovernment in Kenya
• Institutional Arrangements for Kenya eGovernment
• Non-internet e-Government
• Risks of E-Government
• Benefits of e-government
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 Desired outcomes
• Define e-government
• Get advantages of E-Gov
• Get risks of E-Gov
• Identify E-Gov in the Kenyan scenario
• Identify applications of E-Gov

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 What is E-Government?
• e-Government (short for electronic government, also
known as e-gov, digital government, online
government, or connected government) generally
involves using ICTs to transform both back-end and
front-end government processes and provide
services, information and knowledge to all government
customers, that is the public, businesses, government
employees and other government agencies. e-
Government uses a range of information
technologies, such as the Wide Area
Networks, Internet, and Mobile Computing, to
transform government operations in order to improve
effectiveness, efficiency, service delivery and to
promote democracy.
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 Definition (cont)
• Essentially, the term e-Government or also
known as Digital Government, refers to 'How
government utilized IT, ICT and other
telecommunication technologies, to enhance
the efficiency and effectiveness in the public
sector' (Jeong, 2007).

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 E-gov segments
• E-government can thus be segmented into what are
known as primary delivery models. These digital
interaction can be between a government and citizens
(G2C), government and
businesses/commerce/eCommerce (G2B), and
between government agencies (G2G), Government-to-
Religious Movements/Church (G2R), Government-to-
Households (G2H). This digital interaction consists of
governance, information and communication
technology (ICT), business process re-engineering
(BPR), and e-citizen at all levels of government
(city, state/province, national, and international).

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 Why have E-Gov?
• e-Government is a fundamental element in the
modernization of Government. It provides a
common framework and direction across the
public sector and enhances collaboration within
and among public sector organizations and
institutions, between Government and the
business community, and between Government
and the citizens that it serves in the
implementation of Government Policies. It also
identifies ways of developing the skills needed by
public servants to realize the new opportunities
offered by ICT advancement such as the internet.
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 Benefits of E-gov
The adoption and use of the e-government strategy has significant benefits for government in the
delivery of more effective and efficient information and services to the customers of
governments

• Simplifying delivery of services to citizens

• Minimizing the government bureaucracy
• Improved interactions among government units and with business, industry and citizens
• Increased empowerment of citizens and businesses through access to
information, knowledge and services
• More efficient government management
• Improved productivity (and efficiency) of government agencies
• More effectively, cheaper and more convenient delivery of information, knowledge and
services
• Making it possible for citizens, businesses, other levels of government and
government employees to easily find information and get service from the government and
government agencies
• Strengthened legal system and law enforcement
• Improved quality of life for disadvantaged communities
• Broadened public participation

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 Prospective Applications of E-Gov
• Government Pension Administration
• Driver’s License Registration
• Wealth Declaration Form
• High Court Registrar
• Company Registration
• Land Title Registration
• Within each of these interaction domains, four kinds of activities take place:-
pushing information over the Internet, e.g.: regulatory services, general
holidays, public hearing schedules, issue briefs, notifications, etc.
• two-way communications between the agency and the citizen, a business, or
another government agency. In this model, users can engage in dialogue with
agencies and post problems, comments, or requests to the agency.
• conducting transactions, e.g.: lodging tax returns, applying for services and grants.
• governance, e.g.: online polling, voting, and campaigning.

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 Sample E-Gov projects in Kenya
• Apply for Public Service Jobs
• Registrar of persons - Track status of ID & Passport
through sms
• Exam Results & Candidate Selection
• Report Corruption Online
• HELB Loan Repayment Status
• Business Licensing e-Registry
• FORMS: - KRA FormsPolice Abstract & P3
Forms, Immigration Forms
• Procurement – tenders.go.ke – All government tenders
• Common portal for all services

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 E-Gov in Kenya - KRA scenario
• Pin and VAT certificate application
• Submit Tax Returns Online
• Customs Services Online - Long room
clearance of import cargo (Simba system)
• Import Declaration Application
• Manifest lodging
• Good declaration

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 Shared Government services - Kenya
• Has two aspects, Central Government, and Local
government
• Government Exchange (GeX). Government
Common Core Network – GoK private Network
• Call centers at Nyayo house
• Lack of a shared service caused police to
demolish two flats after not sharing Information
with Ministry of roads in 2010

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 Shared services projects Description
• Shared Services enable public sector organizations to be more
effective and efficient in their day to day operations. This enables
resources to be efficiently used to deliver core services to citizens
and the business community, while the non-core back office
operations of ministries, state corporations, and so on, are carried
out in a shared environment.
• Benefits of shared services
– Economies of Scale; shared services can help minimize capital and
operating costs and encourage inter-agency cooperation by achieving
economies of scale by sharing services within the organization.
– Sharing of expenses across agencies allows disperse organization
agencies/ departments to take advantage of the latest technology
without incurring substantial capital expenditures.
– Focus on core competencies therefore Government agencies spend less
time and fewer resources on their respective IT infrastructures, focusing
instead on their core competencies needed to better serve the public.

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 EMACS in Kenya
• Kenya has an email solution for all Civil
Servants, EMACS (Enterprise Messaging And
Collaboration System) which is intended to
improve cross-ministry/agency communication.
Public sector organizations (at all levels) continue
to face challenges with inter- and intra-agency
communications – from emergency preparedness
and management to budgeting and basic health
and human services. The solution to these
challenges is: improved collaborative work
processes and streamlined sharing of information
across public sector entities.
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 Rationale for eGovernment in Kenya
• Improve GoK’s delivery of services to citizens
• Increase type and quality of information from and to
citizens
• Increase GoK’s ability to ensure transparency and
support anti-corruption efforts
• Increase communications traffic flows contributing to
viability of investments in infrastructure
• Contribute to vision 2030 economic policy objectives
• Help build trust between government and citizens

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 Prospective Applications
• Government Pension Administration
• Driver’s License Registration
• Wealth Declaration Form
• High Court Registrar
• Company Registration
• Land Title Registration
• Within each of these interaction domains, four kinds of activities take place:-
pushing information over the Internet, e.g.: regulatory services, general
holidays, public hearing schedules, issue briefs, notifications, etc.
• two-way communications between the agency and the citizen, a business, or
another government agency. In this model, users can engage in dialogue with
agencies and post problems, comments, or requests to the agency.
• conducting transactions, e.g.: lodging tax returns, applying for services and grants.
• governance, e.g.: online polling, voting, and campaigning.

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 Institutional Arrangements for Kenya
eGovernment
• ICT Board under the Ministry of Information and
Communications
– TCIP Implementation with Director, Finance and
Procurement Specialists, CTO, Monitoring &
Evaluation, and Governance in close collaboration with the
beneficiaries
• Governance Oversight Committee
– Representatives from public and private sector
• Risk Management
• Performance Agreements
• Communications Strategy

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 Non-internet e-Government
• While e-government is often thought of as "online
government" or "Internet-based government," many non-
Internet "electronic government" technologies can be used
in this context. Some non-Internet forms include
telephone, fax, PDA, SMS text messaging, MMS, wireless
networks and services, Bluetooth, CCTV, tracking
systems, RFID, biometric identification, road traffic
management and regulatory enforcement, identity
cards, smart cards and other Near Field Communication
applications; polling station technology (where non-online
e-voting is being considered), TV and radio-based delivery
of government services (e.g., CSMW), email, online
community facilities, newsgroups and electronic mailing
lists, online chat, and instant messaging technologies.

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 Risks of E-Government
• Hyper-surveillance (No privacy)
• Cost
• Inaccessibility
• False sense of transparency and
accountability

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 Benefits of e-government
• Democratization
• Environmental bonuses
• Speed, efficiency, and convenience
• Public approval
• Improve government services
• Improve efficiency, (mass processing
tasks, data collection &
transmissions, communication with
customers) 20
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