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Solvay Process
Solvay Process
Jonathan Bauer
Keith Sager
Uche Onyewuenyi
Lam Nguyen
Background
Glass making
Soda-lime glass
Cheaper, can be re-softened and re-melted
Good for recycling
Soap and Detergent
Cheaper alternative to lye (NaOH)
Common alkali in many chemical factories
CaCO3
BRINE
AMMONIA BRINE
KILN
AMMONIA
ABSORBER SOLVAY CO2
NH3
TOWER
CaO
NH4Cl
WATER BED
NaHCO3
Ca(OH)2
AMMONIA
RECOVERY HEATER
TOWER
Na2CO3
Kiln
CO2
CaO
CaCO3
BRINE
AMMONIA BRINE
KILN
AMMONIA
ABSORBER SOLVAY CO2
NH3
TOWER
CaO
NH4Cl
WATER BED
NaHCO3
Ca(OH)2
AMMONIA
RECOVERY HEATER
TOWER
Na2CO3
Ammonia Absorber
Brine
No reaction takes place
Ammonia mixes with brine
Mushroom shape baffles
Controls flow of brine for proper
mixing and saturation
Ammonia
and Brine
NH3
CaCO3
BRINE
AMMONIA BRINE
KILN
AMMONIA
ABSORBER SOLVAY CO2
NH3
TOWER
CaO
NH4Cl
WATER BED
NaHCO3
Ca(OH)2
AMMONIA
RECOVERY HEATER
TOWER
Na2CO3
Solvay Tower
BRINE
AMMONIA BRINE
KILN
AMMONIA
ABSORBER SOLVAY CO2
NH3
TOWER
CaO
NH4Cl
WATER BED
NaHCO3
Ca(OH)2
AMMONIA
RECOVERY HEATER
TOWER
Na2CO3
Water Bed
𝐶𝑎𝑂 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐶𝑎 𝑂𝐻 2
BRINE
AMMONIA BRINE
KILN
AMMONIA
ABSORBER SOLVAY CO2
NH3
TOWER
CaO
NH4Cl
WATER BED
NaHCO3
Ca(OH)2
AMMONIA
RECOVERY HEATER
TOWER
Na2CO3
Ammonia Recovery Tower
Ca(OH)2
CaCO3
BRINE
AMMONIA BRINE
KILN
AMMONIA
ABSORBER SOLVAY CO2
NH3
TOWER
CaO
NH4Cl
WATER BED
NaHCO3
Ca(OH)2
AMMONIA
RECOVERY HEATER
TOWER
Na2CO3
Heater (Calcifier)
BRINE
AMMONIA BRINE
KILN
AMMONIA
ABSORBER SOLVAY CO2
NH3
TOWER
CaO
NH4Cl
WATER BED
NaHCO3
Ca(OH)2
AMMONIA
RECOVERY HEATER
TOWER
Na2CO3
Chemical Reactions Summary
Overall Process
𝒌𝑱
−𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 + (−𝟖𝟕𝟕. 𝟑) − 𝟐 −𝟒𝟎𝟕. 𝟐𝟕 − 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟔. 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟕
𝒎𝒐𝒍
Reaction 1
𝑘𝐽
−948 + −315 − −407 + −393.5 + −45.9 + −242 = −176
𝑚𝑜𝑙
Reaction 2
𝑘𝐽
(−393.5) + (−635.1) − −1206.9 = 178.3
𝑚𝑜𝑙
Reaction 3
𝑘𝐽
2 −45.9 + −877.3 + −242 − −315 + −635.1 = −261
𝑚𝑜𝑙
Reaction 4
𝑘𝐽
−1130.77 + −242 + −393.5 − 2 −948 = 129.8
𝑚𝑜𝑙
Questions?
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvay_process
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_lime_glass
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trona
http://www.citycollegiate.com/sblock2.htm
http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/PDF/Sodium_Bicarbonate_&_Sodium
_Carbonate.pdf