10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Geometric Sequence
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Geometric Sequence
First Edition, 2021

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Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion,EdD, CESO V

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Antonio A. Apat

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Department of Education – Davao City Division

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Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Geometric Sequence
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of
the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience
meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

After going through this module, you are expected to:

➢ illustrates a geometric sequence. (M10AL – Id – 1)

➢ differentiates a geometric sequence from an arithmetic sequence. (M10AL-
Id-2)

Specifically, you will;

1. illustrate geometric sequence.

2. determine the common ratio of a geometric sequence.
3. differentiate geometric sequence from an arithmetic sequence.

Let Us Try

Let’s find out how much you already know about the topic in this module.
Choose the letter that you think best answers the questions and write it in a
separate answer sheet.

1. A geometric sequence is a sequence in which the next term is obtained by

_____ the previous term with a constant called the common ratio.
A. adding B. subtracting C. multiplying D. dividing

2. The common ratio in the sequence 9, 27, 81, 243, … is______.

1 1
A. 3
B. 3 C. − 3 D. −3

3. Which of the following is the next term of the sequence 27, −81, 243, …?
1 1
A. −729 B. 729 C. − d.
729 729

4. Which of the following is an example of an arithmetic sequence?

A. 4, 6, 8, 10, … B. 4, 8, 16, 32, … C. 4, 4, 8, 12, … D.4, 8, 16, 20, …

5. Which of the following is an example of a geometric sequence?

A. 4, 6, 8, 10, … B. 4, 8, 16, 32, … C. 4, 4, 8, 12, … D.4, 8, 16, 20, …

6. If the first term of an arithmetic sequence is 7 and its common difference is

−2, the next three terms of the sequence would be
A. −5, 3, −1 B. 1, 3, 5 C. 5, 3, 1 D. 9, 11, 13

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 7. Which of the following sequences has a common ratio of 1/3?
A. 9, 27, 81, 243, B. 1, 3, 9, 27 C. −27, 9, −3, 1 D. 27, 9, 3, 1

8. Which of the following is the next term of the geometric sequence 4, −16, 64, ___?
A. −128 B. 128 C. −256 D. 256

9. Stephen borrowed money from a loan institution amounting to ₱5,000. The

table shows the amount he will pay with the interest
year 1 2 3
amount 5000 5350 5724.50
Which is true about the sequence?
A. It is an arithmetic sequence because it has a common difference of 350.
B. It is an arithmetic sequence because it has a common difference of 1.07
C. It is a geometric sequence because it has a common ratio of 350.
D. It is a geometric sequence because it has a common ratio of 1.07.

10. The table below shows the population of a small barangay in Davao City. If
the rate continues, what is the estimated population of the barangay after a
decade?
year 1 2 3 4
population 300 318 337 357

A. 537 B. 507 C. 478 D. 451

Let Us Study

Find the missing terms to complete a given sequence. Write the pattern on how you
obtain the missing terms.
Pattern
Example: 32, 23, 14, 5, −𝟒 add −𝟓

1. 4, −8, 16 , _____, _____ _________________________________

2. 8, 24, 72, _____, _____ _________________________________
3. 8, 16, 24, _____, _____, 48 _________________________________
4. _____, _____, 64, 32 ,16 _________________________________
5. 27, _____, _____, _____, −1, −8 _________________________________

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Guide questions:

1. Which of the above sequence is an arithmetic sequence?

2. Why did you consider those sequences are arithmetic sequence?
3. Why can’t you consider the other sequences as arithmetic sequences?
4. What are the patterns of the other sequences?
5. How do you call those sequences?

In the above activity, number 3 and 5 are arithmetic sequence.

3. 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 this sequence has a common difference of 8

5. 27, 20, 13, 6, −1, −8 this sequence has a common difference of −7.

The sequence in number 1,2, and 4 are sequence whose missing terms are
obtained by multiplying a constant number.

1. 4, −8, 16, −32, 64 multiply −2

2. 8, 24, 72, 216, 648 multiply 3
1
4. 256,128, 64, 32,16 multiply 2

A Geometric Sequence is a sequence where each term is obtained by multiplying

the previous term by a constant number. A constant number is called a common
ratio, denoted by the symbol r.

Consider the sequences below, find the common ratio.

1. 4, −8, 16, −32, 64

What is the first term? _____________
How will you obtain the second term? ___________________
What is the common ratio? _______________
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

𝑎2 𝑎3
𝑟= 𝑟= 𝑎4 𝑎4
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑟= 𝑟=
𝑎3 𝑎3
−8 16
𝑟= 𝑟= −32 64
2 −8 𝑟= 𝑟=
16 −32
𝑟 = −2 𝑟 = −2 𝑟 = −2 𝑟 = −2

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 2. 256,128, 64, 32,16

𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎4
𝑟= 𝑟= 𝑟=
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3
128 64 32
𝑟= 𝑟= 𝑟=
256 128 64
128(1) 64(1) 32(1)
𝑟= 𝑟= 𝑟=
128(2) 64(2) 32(2)
1 1 1
𝑟= 𝑟= 𝑟=
2 2 2

THE RULE OF GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE

Example: 3, 12, 48, 192, 768
𝑎2 n term factored form other forms
𝑟= 1 3 3(1) 3(4)0
𝑎1
2 12 3(4) 3(4)1
12 3 48 3(4)(4) 3(4)2
𝑟=
3 4 192 3(4)(4)(4) 3(4)3
𝑟=4 5 768 3(4)(4)(4)(4) 3(4)4
6 3072 3(4)(4)(4)(4)(4) 3(4)5
10 3(4)9
20 3(4)19
n 3(4)𝑛−1

Therefore, the rule of the geometric sequence 3, 12, 48, 192, 768 is
𝒂𝒏 = 𝟑(𝟒)𝒏−𝟏
In the equation 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟑(𝟒)𝒏−𝟏 , 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟑, 𝒓 = 𝟒, therefore, the general rule
of a geometric sequence can be expressed as 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 (𝒓)𝒏−𝟏 ,

where: 𝒂𝒏 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚, 𝒂𝟏 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚,

𝒓 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜, and 𝒏 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠.

Illustrative Examples:

Tell whether the following sequences are geometric or not.

a. 4, −16, 64, … c. 24, 72, 216, …

b. 5, 20, 35, …

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 Discussion:

a. 4, −16, 64, …
As discussed above, a geometric sequence has a common ratio. Let us examine
if the ratio of each term to its preceding term is the same.
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑎2 𝑎3
𝑟= 𝑟=
𝑎1 𝑎2
−16 64
𝑟= 𝑟=
4 −16
𝑟 = −4 𝑟 = −4

Since there is a common ratio, 𝑟 = −4, the given sequence is geometric sequence.

If we continue to determine the other terms, all we need to do is simply multiply the
common ratio r to the preceding term giving us 4, −16, 64, −256, 1024, …

b. 5, 20, 35, …
If we are going to analyze the terms, it can be found that there is no common
ratio since 𝑎2 𝑎3
𝑟= 𝑟=
𝑎1 𝑎2
20 35
𝑟= 𝑟=
5 20
𝑟=4 𝑟 = 1.75
hence, the 5, 20, 35 is not a geometric sequence. Try getting the common
difference:
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 𝑑 = 𝑎3 − 𝑎2
𝑑 = 20 − 5 𝑑 = 35 − 20
𝑑 = 15 𝑑 = 15

Since the 5, 20, 35 has a common difference, therefore this sequence is an arithmetic
sequence.

c. 24, 72, 216, …

The sequence is geometric with common ratio, r = 3:
𝑎2 𝑎3
𝑟= 𝑟=
𝑎1 𝑎2
72 216
𝑟= 𝑟=
24 72
𝑟=3 𝑟=3

If further continued, the next three terms are 648, 1,944, and 5,832.

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 Let us compare Arithmetic Sequence and Geometric Sequence.

Arithmetic Sequence Geometric Sequence

next term is by adding a constant by multiplying a
obtained number constant number
has a common Difference ratio
General term 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
increase or decreases by increase rapidly /
a constant value in each decrease rapidly
term

Let Us Practice

A. Determine whether each sequence is a geometric or arithmetic

sequence. Write GS for geometric sequence and AS for arithmetic
sequence. If the sequence is arithmetic give a common difference
and if the sequence is geometric give the common ratio.
________, ________1. 3, 9, 27, 81
________, ________2. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
________, ________3. 9, −18, 36, −72
________, ________4. 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
________, ________5. 23, 18, 13, 8, 3
________, ________6. 8, −24, 72, −216
________, ________7. 405, 135, 45, 15, 5
________, ________8. −17, −8,1, 10, 19
1 3 5 7
________, ________9. , 1, , ,
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
________, ________10. , , , ,
2 4 8 16 32

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 B. Given the first two terms of a geometric sequence, find the common ratio
and give the next two terms of the sequence.
Common ratio
11. 8, 64, ______, ______ ________
12. −21, −7 ______, ______ ________
13. −36, 6 ______, ______ ________
1
14. 8
,2 ______, ______ ________

15. −55, 5 ______, ______ ________

16. 13, 39 ______, ______ ________
1 1
17. , ______. ______ ________
6 24

18. 3, 21 ______, ______ ________

1 1
19. − 4;− 2
______. ______ ________

10. 4x2, 12x5 ______. ______ ________

Let Us Practice More

I. Find the common ratio or common difference of the given sequence by

matching Columns A and B. Write the letter that corresponds to your
answer on the space provided before each number.

A B
_____1. 2, 7, 12, 17, 22 A. −12
_____2. 8, 24, 72, 216 B. 5
_____3. 21, 9, −3, −15, −27 C. −3
_____4. 2x2, 3x2, 4x2,5x2 D. 3
_____5. 8, −24, 72, −216 E. 12
F. x2

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II. Find the missing term in each geometric sequence and illustrate each
geometric sequence in a number line as shown below.
EXAMPLE # 1: 2, _____, 8, ______
ANSWER: 2, 4 , 8, 16

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

x2 x2 x2

EXAMPLE # 2: -2, _____, -8, ______

ANSWER: -2, 4 , -8, 16

-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

x (- 2)
x (- 2)
x (- 2)

6. 5, 15, ____, 135, ____

7. 3, ____, 12, -24, ____
8. 2, 14, ___, 686 ___

Let Us Remember

• A geometric sequence is a sequence in which the ratio between any two

consecutive terms is a constant. The constant value between two consecutive
terms is called the common ratio. The common ratio can be found by dividing
any term in the sequence by the previous term.

• An Arithmetic Sequence is a sequence where every term after the first is

obtained by adding a constant called the common difference.

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 Let Us Assess

I. Multiple Choices. Read and analyze the given problems and choose the
letter of the correct answer from the given choices. Write the letter of
your answer in a separate answer sheet.

1. A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the
preceding term by a nonzero constant.
A. Harmonic B. Fibonacci C. Arithmetic D. Geometric

2. Which of the following is the next term of the sequence 8, −16, 32, …?
1
A.− 2 B. −2 C. −64 D. 64

3. What is the common ratio of the sequence 8, −16, 32,…?

1
A. − B. −2 C. −64 D. 64
2

4. Which of the following is a geometric sequence?

1 1 1
A. 5, 10, 20 B. 5, 10, 15 C. 10, 15, 25 D. 5 , 10 , 15

5. What is the 10th term in a geometric sequence whose common ratio is 3 and the
first term is 3?
A. 59,049 B. 19, 683 C. 6,561 D. 2,187

6. Which of the following does not illustrate a geometric sequence?

A. 5, −5, 5,… B. 5, 10, 15,… C. 1, 5, 25,… D.3, −6, 12, …

7. A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by adding the preceding
term by a nonzero constant.
A. Harmonic B. Fibonacci C. Arithmetic D. Geometric

8. Amy saves ₱50 on the first week, ₱100 on the second week, ₱200 on the third
week. How much money will she have on the 8th week?
A. ₱800 B. ₱1,600 C. ₱3,200 D. ₱6,400

9. Which of the following has a common ratio of 2?

1 1 1
A.3, 9, 27 B. 8, 16, 32 C. , , , D. 3, 5, 7
3 5 7

10. Which of the following has a common difference of 2?

1 1 1
A.3, 9, 27 B. 8, 16, 32 C. , , , D. 3, 5, 7
3 5 7

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II. Identify each sequence if it is arithmetic or geometric. Write each letter in
the Venn Diagram below.

ARITHMETIC GEOMETRIC

BOTH

A. -6, 1, 8, 15, 22

B. 3, 3, 3, 3, 3

C. -1, 2 -4, 8

D. -625, -125, -25, -5

1 5 7 3 11
E. − 2, − 6, − 6, − 2, − ,
6

Let Us Enhance

Tittle : Wanna Be Vloggers

INSTRUCTION: Make a 4 to 7 minutes video in any video editor apps wherein you
are going to illustrate the concept of geometric sequence in your way. The following
must be discussed/seen in your video presentation.

1. Name
2. Grade and Section
3. School
4. Topic (Title)
5. Own explanation of the Concept of Geometric Sequence and.
6. Example of Geometric Sequence

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 Wanna Be Vloggers’ Rubrics
CRITE EXCELLENT GOOD (9pts.) FAIR (8pts.) POOR (6pts.) SCORE
RIA (10pts.)
Conce Concepts effectively Concepts are mainly The viewer learns a The viewer does not
pt of communicated; the communicated limited amount learn from the
Geome viewer can learn effectively; the viewer from the program. program. The
tric things that are of may get confused by 1 Ideas are concepts covered
sequen real educational or 2 ideas in the video. confusing. Little are too confusing.
ce value. In-depth Some knowledge of knowledge of the Little or no
knowledge of the the topic is shown. topic is shown. The knowledge of the
topic is shown. The Essential information message is vaguely topic is shown., The
message is clear, is communicated. communicated. message is unclear.
strong, and
complete.
Origin The concept of the The concept of a The explanation of The explanation of
ality geometric sequence geometric sequence is the concept of the concept of
was explained somewhat explained geometric sequence geometric sequence
uniquely. uniquely but has looks like a looks virtually the
components that look repackaged version same ones done in
like ones discussed in of an example done class.
class. in class.
Unders The project The project The project The project
tandin demonstrates that demonstrates that demonstrates that demonstrates either
g you understand and you understand and you understand the a lack of
can explain the can explain the concept but cannot understanding or
concept thoroughly. concept adequately. explain it that well. an inability to
explain the concept.
Video Video is organized The video is clear and The video is Video and audio are
and and has good audio has decent unorganized or inconsistent. There
Audio so that it clearly and organization but may inconsistent (too is poor video quality
effectively assists in only partially assist in loud/ too soft/ and voice
communicating the communicating the garbled) and projection, making
main idea. Ideas are main idea. Ideas are insufficiently it difficult to
communicated with communicated with communicates the communicate ideas.
enthusiasm, proper proper voice main idea. Ideas are
voice projection, projection, adequate communicated with
appropriate preparation, and weak voice
language, and clear delivery. projection and/or
delivery. lack of preparation.
TOTA
L

Let Us Reflect
Write a short essay reflecting the following:
1. Three things that you have learned about the lesson.
2. Two real-life situations where you can apply the concept of geometric
sequence
3. One question that you want to ask about the topic.

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 14
Let Us Assess!
II
Let Us
Assess!
ARITHMETIC GEOMETRIC I
A E 1. D
B C D
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. D
Let us Practice More! 9. B
10. D
II.
Let us
Practice
More!
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. F
5. C
Let us Practice!
A. B.
1. GS; 𝑟 = 3 11. 128, 256; 𝑟 = 2
7 7 1 Let us
2. AS; 𝑑 = 1 12. − , − ; 𝑟 =
3 9 3
3. GS; 𝑟 = −2 1 1 try!
13. −1, 6; 𝑟 = − 6
4. AS; 𝑑 = 4 14. 32, 512; 𝑟 = 16 1. C
5. AS; 𝑑 = −5 5 5 1 2. B
15. − 11 , 121 ; 𝑟 = − 11
6. GS; 𝑟 = −2 Let Us Study! 3. A
1 16. 117, 351; 𝑟 = 3
7. GS; 𝑟 = 3 1 1 1 4. A
17. , ;𝑟 = 1. −32, 64; multiply −2 5. B
96 384 4
8. AS; 𝑑 = 9 18. 147, 1029, 𝑟 = 7 2. 216, 648; multiply 3 6. D
1
9. AS; 𝑑 = 19. −1, −2; 𝑟 = 2 3. 32, 40; add 8 7. D
2
1 20. 36𝑥 8 , 108𝑥 11 ; 𝑟 = 3𝑥 3 4. 256, 128; multiply 1ൗ2 8. C
10. GS; 𝑟 = 2
5. 20, 13, 6, add −7 9. D
10.B
Answer Key
 References

Melvin M. Callanta, et.al, 2015, Mathematics 10 Learner’s Module Unit 1: Geometric

Sequence, First Edition, Department of Education, pp. 26-29.

15
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Davao City Division

Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur

Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672

Email Address: davao.city@deped.gov.ph