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O S
C NTENCE USES
SEDVERB CLAND
A F CAUSE A
OESULT
R By ; Nofri
na E k a P ut ri
CONNECTING WORDS
With Clauses
Because
Due to the fact (that) Subject + Verb
Since
With Phrases
Because of
As a result of Noun/ Noun Phrase
Owing to
Due to
Transitions
As a consequence
As a result
Consequently , (koma)Subject + Verb
Hence
Therefore
Thus
 With Clauses
Because is used in both spoken and written English
Because he was a dynamic speaker, crowds always
gathered to hear Dr. King.

Due to the fact (that) is more formal

Crowds always gathered to hear Dr. King due to the
fact that he was a dynamic speaker

Since is less formal

Crowds always gathered to hear Dr. King since he
was a dynamic speaker

I didn't do homework because I was sick

 With Phrases
Because of These expressions are followed by a
As a result of noun (phrase) or a gerund. They
Owing to may not be followed by a subject
Due to and verb (a clause)

Because of his dynamism, crowds

always gathered to hear Dr. King

People still admire Dr. King due to

his amazing accomplishment
chair : Noun
The chair: Noun phrase
Brown chair: Noun phrase
With Transitions
Transitions may begin sentences, or they
As a consequence may be used with a semicolon to join two
As a result clauses, a comma is used after the
Consequently transition.
Hence
Therefore Hence and Thus are primarily used in
Thus formal English

Gandhi was respected throughout India; as a result, he was

given the name Mahatma, meaning "Great Lord".

Gandhi was respected throughout India. Thus, he was given the

name Mahatma, meaning "Great Lord".
 Do you know the difference between BECAUSE
and BECAUSE OF?

Because some leaders are so charismatic,

they are able to unite large, diverse
group of people

Because of their charisma, some

leaders are able to unite large, diverse
group of people

We’ve prepared ourselves since last night. Thus, we aren't late

today.
Fill in the blanks with because, since, because
of, due to, or as a result of

1. Because of his personal strength and dedication, Lenin

succeeded in shaping a new Russia
2. Because Lenin was totally dedicated, he risked his life to
overthrow the tsar.
3. Due to his political position, Lenin went into exile.
4. Because he needed a way to send information back into
Russia, Lenin established the newspaper Iskra ("the spark")
5. Due to his power persuasion , various groups began to
support Lenin and his party, the Bolshevik
6. Since Lenin believe that only violent revolution could
succeed, he fought against more moderate groups.
7. As a result of careful planning and the economic and
political confusion in Russia, Lenin and the Bolsheviks took
control of the government in October 1917.
8. ____ his role in shaping post-tsarist Russia, Lenin still
"sparks" strong feelings - both negative and positive - even
80 years after his death