METELEC 1

M.E. TECHNICAL ELECTIVE 1

(MECHATRONICS)

MODULE 1
 METELEC 1
M.E. TECHNICAL ELECTIVE 1
(MECHATRONICS)

INTRODUCTION TO
MECHATRONICS
 CHAPTER 1

OBJECTIVES

■At the end of the chapter, the learner should be able to:
–Identify the key elements of mechatronics; and
–Understand Mechatronics, How it works and it’s application.
MECHATRONICS
• The synergistic combination of mechanical and electrical
engineering, computer science, and information technology,
which includes the use of control systems as well as numerical
methods to design products with built-in intelligence.
• The term mechatronics was coined in Japan in the 1970s.
Key Elements of Mechatronics
 Examples of Mechatronics systems

• Automotive Systems
• Camless Engines
• Robotics
• Humanoids
• Telemedicine/Remote Surgery
• House Hold appliances
• Washing Machine
• Smart TV
 Automotive Application
It replaces mechanical connections – push rods, rack & pinion, steering
columns, overhead cams, cables to mechatronic connections – sensors,
actuators, embedded controllers, control software
Automotive Application
• Adaptive Cruise Control
• Drive by wire
• Rain-sensing Wipers
• Traction Control System (TCS)
• Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
• Electronic Fuel Injection
• Tire Pressure Monitor
Robotics Technology

Humanoid Paraplegics Special Operations

Remote Surgery
Levels of Mechatronic Systems’ Integration

The First Level

 conveyors,
 rotary tables,
 auxiliary manipulators
The Second Level

 Operated power machines (turbines and generators),

 Machine tools and industrial robots with numerical
program management
The Third Level Synthesis of new precise, information and
measuring high technologies gives a basis for
designing and producing intellectual
mechatronic modules and systems.
Mechatronics leads to
➢ Increase labor productivity and reduce labor
cost
➢ Mitigate the effects of labor shortage
➢ Reduce or eliminate routine manual or clerical
tasks
➢ Improve safety – Worker and system.
➢ Improve product quality
➢ Reduce manufacturing lead time
➢ Accomplish processes that cannot be done
manually
Mechatronics leads to
➢ Increase labor productivity and reduce labor
cost
➢ Mitigate the effects of labor shortage
➢ Reduce or eliminate routine manual or clerical
tasks
➢ Improve safety – Worker and system.
➢ Improve product quality
➢ Reduce manufacturing lead time
➢ Accomplish processes that cannot be done
manually
 METELEC 1
M.E. TECHNICAL ELECTIVE 1
(MECHATRONICS)

SENSOR AND
TRANSDUCERS
 CHAPTER 2

OBJECTIVES

■At the end of the chapter, the learner should be able to:
–Identify the different types and application transducer, sensors
and actuator; and
–Understand the working principle of transducer, sensors and
actuator.
•Transducer – converts energy signals in one form to
another.

•Sensor – detects or measures physical signals or

stimulus to electrical signals.

•Actuator – a device generating a signal or stimulus.

sensor intelligent
real
feedback
world
actuator system
•Position •Torque
•Velocity •Angle
•Acceleration •Light intensity
•Displacement •Surface Roughness
•Proximity •Density
•Level •Mass
•Flow •Voltage
•Pressure •Current
•Temperature •Resistance
•Force •Humidity
•Strain •Vibration
•Mechanical: Length, area, quantity, mass flow, force, torque
(moment), pressure, velocity, acceleration, position, sound

•Thermal:
Temperature, heat flow

•Electrical :
Voltage, current, load, resistance, inductance, capacitance,
electrical field and frequency
•Magnetic:
Field density, flux density, magnetic moment, permeability

•Light (Optical):
Intensity, wavelength

•Chemical:
Density, content, pH, reaction speed
• Analog Sensors

• Digital Sensors

• Voltage Output Sensors

• Current Output Sensors

Active Sensors
➢Don’t need power supply for operation
➢Produce signals based on measured quantity

Passive Sensors
➢Needs external power supply
➢Measures changes in resistance, capacitance and inductance based on the
measured quantity
➢Transform and Amplify the change of the quantities into electrical signals
• Range, Span: The interval between the min and max
values of measured quantities, span = max-min
• Error: Actual value– measured value
• Accuracy The agreement between the actual value and
the measured value.
• Sensitivity: linear output/unit input
• Hysteresis error: producing different outputs for
increasing and decreasing inputs.
• Repeatability/reproducibility: Variation of sensor
measurements when the same quantity is measured
several times.
• Stability: the output drift for constant input.
• Dead band/time: The range of input values for which
there is no output.
• Resolution: The change in measured variable to
which the sensor will respond.
• Output impedance: The effect of electrical circuit
conneted to the sensor.
•The nature of the measurement required
– The variable to be measured, its nominal value, the range
of values, the accuracy required, the required speed of
measurement, the reliability required, the environmental
conditions under which the measurement is to be made
•The nature of the output required from the sensor
– Signal conditioning
•Some factors must be accounted
– Range , accuracy, linearity, speed of response, reliability,
maintability, life, power supply requirements, ruggedness,
availability, cost.
• Davim, J. Paulo (2011) Mechatronics Wiley c2011
• De Silva, Clarence W. (2010) Mechatronics CRC
Press c2010
• Preumont, A. (2010) Mechatronics Springer c2010
• Nagrath, I. J. (2008) Control Systems Engineering
Anshan c2008
• Alciatore, David G. (2004) Introduction to
Mechatronics and Measurement Systems: McGraw-
Hill