Science 4

Module 6:
The Brain
 BRAIN
➢ It is the busiest organ of our body.
➢ It processes all the activities of
your body such as thinking,
dancing, digesting of food,
breathing, and even the blinking
of your eyes.
 BRAIN

➢ Our brain is protected by our skull

and by linings called meninges.
➢ Our brain also floats in a
substance called cerebrospinal
fluid.
 PARTS OF
THE BRAIN
Figure 1
 CEREBRUM
• It is the biggest part of the brain
taking up almost 85% of the organ.
• It is responsible for controlling
speech, memory, emotions,
intelligence, reasoning, thinking
and sensations.
Figure 1
 CEREBRUM
•Without it, you
would not be able to
do voluntary
movements.
 VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
• Movements that we can control.
Ex: walking
turning of a stove
tie the laces of your shoes
 CEREBELLUM
• It is the part of your brain that
controls your muscles;
responsible for the proper
coordination and
movement of your muscles.
Figure 1
 BRAIN STEM
• Also known as medulla oblongata.
• It connects the cerebrum and cerebellum
to the spinal cord.
• It is the part of your brain that is in charge
of those bodily functions that keep you
alive such as breathing, eating, and
blood circulation.
 INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
• Movements that we cannot control.
Ex: blinking of the eyes
breathing of your heart
Figure 1
 Brain
Diseases and
Disorders
 1. Poliomyelitis
• Commonly known as polio.
• It is an infection caused by the polio virus
which affects the brain and spinal cord.
• Some polio cases result to paralysis.
• Polio is currently incurable, but it can
be prevented through vaccination.
Figure 2
 2. Meningitis
• It is the inflammation of meninges or lining
of the brain and the spinal cord.
• It is caused by viruses, bacteria, or other
microorganisms.
• Most common symptoms include
headache, fever, stiffness of the neck,
nausea, and sometimes, convulsions.
Figure 3
 3. Epilepsy
• It is a disorder characterized by
repeated seizures or abnormal muscular
contractions and convulsions.
• These seizures are caused by damage
to the brain, and may be due to inborn
defects, injury or illness.
• There is currently no cure.
Figure 4
 4. Brain Tumor
• It is an abnormal growth of tissue inside
the brain.
• Usually caused by inflammation and other
problems due to the pressure they exert
on the brain.
• Noncancerous, cancerous
Figure 5
 5. Hydrocephalus
• It is an abnormal increase in the amount
of cerebrospinal fluid inside the brain.
• This can be an inborn condition or
caused by head injuries, bleeding in the
brain, tumors, and infection.
• It can permanently damage the brain and
can be fatal when left untreated.
Figure 6

Figure 7
 6. Stroke
• It happens when blood and oxygen flow
to the brain are suddenly interrupted.
• It can cause memory loss, difficulty in
speaking, or paralysis on one side of the
body.
Figure 8
 PROPER
CARE OF
THE BRAIN
1. Keep yourself healthy by eating the
right food, having enough sleep and
physically active.
Iron is a nutrient from food that is
known to help the brain’s tissues
develop well.
Ex: leafy green vegetables
beef
beans, nuts
2. Wash your hands very
well before and after
eating or handling food
and before and after
using the toilet.
3. To ward off infections,
never share personal
things with other people.
4. Get at least eight hours
of sleep.
Pointers to keep your brain
healthy
• read as much as you can
• involve yourself in various
mentally challenging activities
• listen to music
• protect yourself from injury
 Picture References:
• Figure 1 - https://www.myshepherdconnection.org/docs/brain1_DOC.jpg
• Figure 2 – https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8HFLCkj6rus/maxresdefault.jpg
• Figure 3 – https://www.mayoclinic.org/-/media/kcms/gbs/patient-
consumer/images/2013/08/26/11/04/ds00118_im00113_r7_im00113_meningitis
thu_jpg.jpg
• Figure 4 –
https://www.facebook.com/TeamEpilepsy/photos/a.210148705671079/3240625
972623322/
• Figure 5 – https://www.genengnews.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/01/170066_web.jpg
• Figure 6 –
https://kidshealth.org/EN/images/illustrations/hydrocephalus_a_enIL.jpg
• Figure 7 – https://www.msdmanuals.com/-
/media/manual/home/images/m1700311-hydrocephalus-enlarged-skull-science-
photo-library-high.jpg?mw=350&thn=0&sc_lang=en
• Figure 8 - https://www.mayoclinic.org/-/media/kcms/gbs/patient-
consumer/images/2013/11/15/17/44/ds00150_ds01030_my00077_im00074_r7_
ischemicstrokethu_jpg.jpg