Encuentro and the Metamorphosis of Indio • The people on the boat withdrew immediately

because of fear
(1565-1800s) Arrival of the Spaniards
• The captain tied a red cap and other things on a
Antonio Pigafetta
plank. The people on the small boat took it and
• A Venetian scholar and explorer returned to advise their king.

• Serves as Magellan’s assistant to kept an • They returned after two hours, on two long boat
accurate journal. called balanghai, and it was full of men with
their king on the largest.
• He was one of the 22 survivors who returned to
Spain after the death of Magellan. • The king ordered some of his men to board the
ship, and he did not move from his boat.
March 16, 1521
• The captain gave good entertainment and game
• The Spaniards arrived in the archipelago them all sorts of things.
• The name of the island is Zamal • The king wished to give the captain a large bar
• They landed in an uninhabited island called of solid gold and a chest full of ginger but the
Humunu captain refused to accept it.

March 18, 1521 March 29, 1521

• The Spaniards saw a boat coming towards them.  The captain sent his slave on the shore to beg to
the king to give him some provisions for his

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•

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They gave some red caps, looking glasses, ships.
combs, bells, ivory, and other things because

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 Sending words to the king that he did not came
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the captain saw that they are reasonable.

to his country as an enemy, but as a friend.
The king came to the ship and embraced the

o.
• The locals reciprocated the politeness of the
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captain by presenting them some fish and captain after hearing those words.
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vessel of palm wine called Uraca.  The captain told the king that he wished to be
with him, cassi cassi, which means brothers.
• The Spaniards became friends with the locals  The king answered that he desired to be the
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same towards the captain.

• The locals showed where and how do they get
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 The captain showed him cloths of different

their food source which is the coconut tree.
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colors, linen, coral, other merchandise, and all

• The locals toured the Spaniards on their island the artillery.
called Zuluam.  The captain also showed his soldier on white
y

armor.
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• The captain invited the locals to their ship to

 The king thought that it was very strange and
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show them greater honor and showed his goods

the captain told him that a man in white armor
like cloves, cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg,
was worth a hundred of his men.
mace, gold, and all that was in the ship.
Initial Reaction: Friar Accounts of the customs of the natives.
is

• The Humunu island is now called Homonhon

Island located in Eastern Samar. The smaller Customs of the tagalog
Th

island on the right side is the modern-day

After receiving your Lordship's letter, I wished to reply
Zuluam.
immediately; but I postponed my answer in order that I
Archipelago of St. Lazarus might first thoroughly inform myself in regard to your
sh

request, and to avoid discussing the conflicting reports

• Magellan discovered the islands and called it
of the Indians, who are wont to tell what suits their
The Archipelago of St. Lazarus
purpose.
• It was discovered on the feast day of Saint
Therefore, to this end, I collected Indians from different
Lazarus, March 16.
districts—old men, and those of most capacity, all
March 28, 1521 known to me; and from them I have obtained the simple
truth, after weeding out much foolishness, in regard to
• While the Spaniards are anchored at an island, a their government, administration of justice,
small boat carrying eight people approached inheritances, slaves, and dowries. It is as follows :
them.
Juan De Plasencia
• The captain’s slave from Sumatra talked to them
from afar. • Spanish Franciscan Missionary
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• Arrived at a port in Cavite
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 • Purpose : To put an end to Social Injustice in PH ⬗ A Slaves can be freed when:

1. Forgiveness 2. Debt is Paid 3. Condonation

4. Bravery 5.Marriage

Marriage Customs

⬗ Men were “Monogamous”

Social Classes
⬗ They called their wives “Asawa”
Datu (Chief)
⬗ Courtship begins on “Paninilbihan”
-Head of the baranggay. -Captain of wars.
Prior to Marriage:
-Obeyed by the subjects.
⬗ Man requires to give dowry:
Maharlikas (Nobles)
1. Bigay- Kaya
-Has a free-will. -Not paying taxes. -Free-born.
2. Panghihimuyat
Aliping Namamahay (Commoners)
3. Bigay- Suso
⬗ Slaves (Has their own property and gold.)
Marriage Customs
Aliping Saguiguilir (Slaves)
⬗ Marriage between diff. social classes are not
⬗ Serving in their master's house.
common.

m
⬗ Properties can be sold.

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⬗ Grounds of divorce are:

co
Environment eH w 1. Adultery
House (Bahay Kubo)

o.
2. Abandonment on the part of the husband.
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⬗ Made of wood, nipa palm and bamboo.
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3. Cruelty 4.Insanity
Code of dressing ( Bahag & Baro't Saya)
Economic Life
⬗ Male has putong/head gear, A jacket with short
o

⬗ Agriculture in the plane lands

sleeves called hanggan & bahag.
aC s

⬗ Planting of corn, banana, coconut, sugar, etc.

vi re

⬗ Female wears Baro/ Camisa & Saya.

⬗ Hunting, Fishing, Poultry, Weaving, Mining, etc.
Ornaments
y

⬗ Domestic trade by boat

⬗ Decorative object
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⬗ Foreign trade in countries like: China, Japan,

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⬗ Adds quality or distinction

Thailand, Cambodia, Borneo & Java.
Government (Barangay)
Language & System of Writing
is

⬗ Ruled by the datu

Language
Th

⬗ Consist of 30 to sometimes 100 families.

⬗ Major languages : Tagalog, Ilocano, Pangasinan,
Administration of justice Pangpangan, Sugbuhanon, Hiligaynon,
Magindahay & Samarnon
⬗ Datu implements law, ensure order & gives
sh

protection to his subjects. ⬗ Originated from Malayo- Polenisian

⬗ They also had “Council of elders”. System of Writing

Inheritance ( Pamana) ⬗ Baybayi/ Baybayin

⬗ 1st son inherits the throne of his father “Datu” ⬗ Consists of 3 vowels and 14 consonants.

⬗ If no male heir, the eldest daughter will succeed. ⬗ used tap of trees as ink and pointed stick as
pencil.
Slavery
⬗ wrote on large plant leaves, and a bark of a tree
⬗ A person becomes slave when: or bamboo tubes.
1. Captive in war 2.Debt

3. source
This study Inheritance
was downloaded 4.Purchase
by 100000834812765 5. Crime
from CourseHero.com on 11-11-2021 05:26:00Beliefs
Religious GMT -06:00

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 ⬗ Gods and Goddesses, they worshipped: ❑ As the Spanish exposed to the unfamiliar
environment of the Philippines, they were
-Bathala -Idayanale -Sidarapa -Agni
stricken with foreign disease
-Balangaw -Mandarangan -Lalahon -Siginarugan
❑ They create hospitals. Some of the first health
⬗ They also believed in sacred animals and trees.
institutions in the country were handled by
Superstitious Beliefs Spanish friars

-Aswang -Dwende -Kapre Hospital Real

-Tikbalang -Patiyanak/ Tyanak
❖ Built in Cebu in 1565
The also believed in: -Anting- anting, Kulam, Gayuma
❖ Hospital Real was the first hospital in the
Philippine healthcare during the Spanish period Philippines

HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES
The history of medicine in the Philippines discusses the
folk medicinal practices and the medical applications
used in Philippine society from the prehistoric times
before the Spaniards were able to set a firm foothold on
the islands of the Philippines for over 300 years, to the
transition from Spanish rule to fifty-year American
colonial embrace of the Philippines.
❖ The hospital aimed to nurse the Spanish army
and navy, those inflicted with disease, and
military casualties
❖ Hospital Real received funding from the Spanish
Government, it lacked finances, manpower, and
supplies. Administration of Hospital Real was
transferred to both the Order of St. Francis and
the Confraternity of La Misericordia

m
er as
• These herbs and even some fruits are used as ❖ Hospital Real was destroyed during an

co
traditional and alternative medicine in the earthquake on June 3, 1863.
country.
eH w Hospital de Naturales

o.
• Traditional Filipino medicinal herbs were used
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❖ In 1578, two wards of nipa and bamboo were
for a wide variety of illness
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constructed by Clemente called “Hospital de los

Indios Naturales, or Hospital de Naturales”

❖ Hospital De Naturales came under the

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patronage of King Philip II, earning it

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government subsidy
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❖ lemente died after 20 years of working at

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Hospital de Naturales. A few years after, a fire

destroyed the hospital once more (the first time
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in 1583)
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The Pre- spanish era: Pre 1565

❖ The reconstruction of the hospital led to the
Healthcare in the Philippine extends as far back as the
development of the Hospital de San Lazaro
15th century
is

Hospital de San Lazaro

WHEN THE ARRIVAL OF THE SPANIARDS LIFE AND BY
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THE EXTENSION OF HEALTHCARE WAS CENTERED ❖ The hospital was renamed after Japanese
AROUND THE ANIMATE AN INANIMATE WORLD emperor Iemitsu sent 150 lepers
Good physicians and had a remedy for every poison ❖ The Hospital de Naturales became known as the
sh

Hospital de San Lazaro, after the patron saint of

Who Is Miguel De Loarca?
lepers
• He was a book author and a captain among the
❖ San Lazaro can now be found at Rizal Avenue
first Spanish conquerors who successfully
conquered the Philippines.

• Miguel de Loarca, a conquistador, gives a

graphic description of the supernatural beliefs
and religious practices of ancient Filipinos
in Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas, a treatise on
the Philippine islands that was published in
Arevalo, Spain, in June 1582.

THE SPANISH ERA: 1565 – 1898

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