Juan Luna &

Fernando amorsolo
Juan Luna
Background of the Author
 Juan Luna
⬗ Juan Luna y Novicio
⬗ “First Internationally Known Filipino
Painter”
⬗ Birth: October 23, 1857 (Badoc, Ilocos Norte)
⬗ Death: December 7, 1899 (Hong Kong)
⬗ Parents: Joaquin Luna de San Pedro y
Posadas and Laureana Novicio y Ancheta
⬗ Siblings: Numeriana, Manual Andres,
Remedios, Jose, Joaquin Damaso, Antonio

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 Juan Luna
Education:
⬗ Early Education: from his Mother,
Laureana (6-8 years)
⬗ Elementary: Ateneo Municipal de Manila
(8-12 years)
⬗ High School: Escuela Nautica de Manila
⬗ College: Academia de Dibujo y Pintura
(Academy of Fine Arts in Manila)
⬗ Further Studies: Escuela de Pintura at the
Academia de Ballas Artes de San Francisco
(21 years)
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 Juan Luna
Paintings

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 The Death of Cleopatra (1881)
⬗ Luna depicted the Egyptian queen’s
suicide at the moment of its discovery:
dressed in royal regalia, Cleopatra had
just expired, along with a maid who
just collapsed on the floor and
another, on the verge of falling down.
⬗ Barely seen at the foot of a pillar is the
tail of a snake slithering away, which
goes along with the popular lore that
the beautiful royal had herself killed
by the bite of a poisonous snake.

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 Spoliarium (1884) ⬗ The painting features a glimpse of
Roman History centered on the
bloody carnage bought by gladiatorial
matches. At the center of Luna’s
painting are fallen gladiators being
dragged by Roman soldiers. On the
left, spectators ardently await their
chance to strip off the combatants of
their metal helmets and other armory.
In contrast with the charged emotions
featured on the left, the right side
meanwhile presents a somber mood.
An old man carries a torch perhaps
searching for his son while a woman
weeps the death of her loved one.

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 The Blood Compact (1886)
⬗ Portrays the 1565 Sandugo (blood
compact ritual) between Datu
Sikatuna of Bohol and Miguel López
de Legazpi, surrounded by other
conquistadors. Datu Sikatuna was
described to be 'being crowded out of
the picture by Miguel López de
Legazpi and his fellow conquistadores

⬗ Rizal and Pardo de Tavera helped

Luna in completing the painting.
Rizal posed as Sikatuna while Pardo
de Tavera posed as Legazpi.

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 España y Filipinas (1886)
⬗ Regarded as one of the “enduring pieces of legacy” of Luna

⬗ Spain was shown to be leading the Philippines along the path to

progress and development.

⬗ The taller and maternal white figure of a woman is Spain, a

representation of the "benevolent image of colonialism", is
pointing ahead and guiding the "humbly dressed" Filipina to the
"right way".
⬗ A propaganda painting that revealed the true hope and desire of
Filipino propagandists during the 19th-century: assimilation with
Spain, reform, equality, modernization, and economic
improvement.

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 ⬗ “Spanish victory against the Turks”
The Battle of Lepanto (1887)⬗ At the bow of the ship is Don Juan of Austria
in full plate armor. Behind him is a red flag, the
royal standard of the King of Spain. Below the
bow is a fast white boat, and one man is trying
to push the boat away. Two trumpeters
welcoming the mayhem, as the ship collides
with the Muslim ship. The Muslim warriors
are dressed in green, one wears a white turban
and another wears red. The Muslim ship bent
30 degrees to the sides and may capsize, with
the two beaks of its ship jutting out of the
water. Below Don Juan, a battle in smaller boat.
A Christian soldier in blue jacket grabbed the
neck of the Muslim fighter with his left hand.
Behind them, two Christians fire their guns to
the right, while another Christian warily looks
on without his helmet. On the waters are two
persons dead. The Christian rower of the boat
dodges, trying to avoid the two orange paddles
probably those of a Muslim boat.

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 ⬗ Luna also exposed the Philippines in a
The Parisian Life (1892) disturbed state during the Spanish Revolution
in 1892 through the uncomfortable position
and about-to-cry face of the woman. The three
gentlemen in the left corner were identified as
the three Filipino heroes, Dr. Jose Rizal, Juan
Luna, and Ariston Baptista discussing the state
of the country being under stress. The coat and
hat at the couch symbolizes Western lifestyle
particularly identifying the people of Spain.
While the levels of beers in the table were also
interpreted on how the Spaniards take
advantage of the country, and the newspaper
pointing the back of the woman tells how the
Philippines was inspired by the French
Revolution.
⬗ The woman has a "geographical
likeness" to the mirror-image of the
archipelago of the Philippines.

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 ⬗
Tampuhan (1895) Depicts a Filipino man and a Filipina
woman having a lover’s quarrel.
⬗ The two people are Filipino lovers
sulking or experiencing "tampo"
because of an argument or a
misunderstanding.The man is looking
out on the street from the balcony. The
woman on the other hand is focusing
her eyes on the floor. Notice that the
man is looking at the women on the
window in front of him, this says that if
the woman sitting on the chair will not
remove her "tampo", the man will look
for another woman. This implies that
during late 1800's men was dominant
than women in terms of a relationship.

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 “Fernando Amorsolo
Background of the Author

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 Fernando Amorsolo
⬗ “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art”
⬗ First National Artist for Visual Arts (Painting)
in 1972
⬗ Birth: May 30, 1892 (Paco, Manila)
⬗ Death: April 24, 1972 (Quezon City)
⬗ Parents: Pedro Amorsolo and Bonifacia
Cueto
⬗ Siblings: Pablo, Alejandro, Perico (Half)

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 Fernando Amorsolo
Education:
⬗ Liceo de Manila Art School

⬗ University of the Philippines School of Fine

Arts

⬗ Academia de San Francisco (Madrid)

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 Past Occupations:
⬗ Director of UP School of Fine Arts

⬗ Draftsman and Chair Designer for the

Bureau of Public Works

⬗ Chief artists at the Pacific Commercial

Company

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 Fernando Amorsolo
Paintings

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 The Making of the Philippine Flag ⬗  The general subsequently tasked
Marcela Marino de Agoncillo
(regarded as the Mother of the
Philippine Flag) to sew the first flag
for the new republic, with the help of
Marcela’s eldest daughter, five-year-
old Lorenza Mariño Agoncillo, and
Mrs. Delfina Herbosa Natividad,
Dr.José Rizal's niece by his sister
Lucia,
⬗ This painting was made to show the
citizens of the Philippines how the
Philippine flag was made and to
remind them of the traditions and
customs.

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 Palay Maiden (1920)
⬗ The colors of the Philippine flag are evident in the blue
kerchief, red skirt, and white blouse. The subject gazes
directly at the viewer, holding a generous bundle of newly
harvested rice, a hope-filled moment for the young
Philippines.

⬗ Amorsolo notes, “My conception of an ideal Filipina beauty

is one with a rounded face, not of the oval type... The eyes
should be exceptionally lively… The nose should be of the
blunt form but firm and strongly marked… The ideal
Filipino beauty should have a sensuous mouth…not…white-
complexioned, nor of the dark brown color…but of the clear
skin…which we often witness when we meet a blushing girl.”

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 ⬗ The painting consists of Filipino fruit
The Fruit Pickers Under harvesters. There are six of them - two at
the Mango Tree the left back side and four at right front.
There is also a big mango tree in front
and different sizes of baskets for the
mangoes. One person, who has her back
turned seems to be talking to the girl
sitting. Others were totally engrossed to
their work. The place is very bright as a
green environment.
⬗ Amorsolo, created this artwork to
show of the true value of Filipinos.
They are hard-working yet happy of
what they are doing. It was to also
make the world aware about the true
Filipina beauty. Overall, this painting
was intended to show Filipino’s
characteristic glow.
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 Bombing of the Intendencia (1942)

⬗ The Japanese attacked the Philippines

just 10 hours after the bombing of
Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii. Part of that
attack was the bombing of the
Intendencia. Although it was restored
during the Japanese Occupation
(1941-1945), the Intendencia was
once again bombed by the Americans
during the Battle of Manila in 1945.

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 The Rape of Manila (1942)

⬗ Sorrow and destruction, during the

Japanese Occupation

⬗ He was witness to the brutality and

suffering that the Filipino people
went through, as he lived near a
Japanese garrison in the city.

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 Defense of a Filipina Woman's Honor (1945)

⬗ Shows a Filipino man holding a bolo

about to defend his wife or daughter
from being raped by an unseen
Japanese soldier.

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 Fruit Gatherer (1950)
⬗ Amorsolo notes, “My conception of
an ideal Filipina beauty is one with a
rounded face, not of the oval type...
The eyes should be exceptionally
lively… The nose should be of the
blunt form but firm and strongly
marked… The ideal Filipino beauty
should have a sensuous
mouth…not…white-complexioned,
nor of the dark brown color…but of
the clear skin…which we often
witness when we meet a blushing
girl.”

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