Topic

Fraction Concepts
12
1
The Honey Run Covered
Bridge near Chico,
California is the only
covered bridge in the
United States with 3 roof
levels. What fraction of
the length of the entire
roof is each level? Find
out in Lesson 12-4.

2
What fraction of Earth’s land
surface is desert? You will
find out in Lesson 12-6.

246

27289_246-247_246 246 9/13/07 3:38:06 PM

 Vocabulary
Choose the best term from the box.
• compare • less
• greater • multiply

1. The number 219 is ? than the

number 392.

2. The number 38 is ? than the

number 19.

3. When you decide if 15 has more

tens or fewer tens than 24, you ?
the numbers.
3
What fraction of the bones Arrays
in your body are in your
feet? You will find out in Find the product for each array.
Lesson 12-3. 4. 5.

4
Is the flag of Nigeria made
up of equal parts? You will
find out in Lesson 12-1. Compare Numbers

Compare. Write ⬎, ⬍, or ⫽.
6. 427 䊊 583 7. 910 䊊 906
8. 139 䊊 136 9. 4,500 䊊 4,500
10. 693 䊊 734 11. 1,050 䊊 1,005

12. Writing to Explain Which number

is greater, 595 or 565? Explain which
digits you used to decide.

Topic 12 247

27289_246-247_FSD_002 247 12/13/06 9:52:50 PM

 Lesson

12-1 Dividing Regions grid paper

into Equal Parts

NS 3.0 Understand the
relationship between
whole numbers, simple
fractions, and decimals.
How can you divide a whole into equal parts?
Show two ways to divide the grid
paper into equal parts.
When a region is divided into two
equal parts, the parts are called halves.

The parts do not need to be the same shape, but they must be
equal in area.

6 equal parts 6 equal parts 10 equal parts 10 equal parts

sixths sixths tenths tenths

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1–4, tell if each shows equal or 5. In the examples on grid paper
unequal parts. If the parts are equal, above, explain how you know the
name them. two parts are equal.
1. 2.
6. Use grid paper. Draw a picture to
show sixths.

7. Amar divided his garden into

3. 4.
equal areas, as shown below. What
is the name of the equal parts of
the whole?

Animated Glossary, eTools

www.pearsonsuccessnet.com

248 *For another example, see Set A on page 270.

27289_248-249_001 248 1/4/07 3:03:21 PM

 Here are some names of equal parts of a whole.

2 equal parts 3 equal parts 4 equal parts 5 equal parts

halves thirds fourths fifths

6 equal parts 8 equal parts 10 equal parts 12 equal parts

sixths eighths tenths twelfths

Independent Practice
In 8–11, tell if each shows equal or unequal parts. If the parts are equal, name them.
8. 9. 10. 11.

In 12–15, use grid paper. Draw a region showing the equal parts named.
12. fourths 13. halves 14. tenths 15. eighths

Problem Solving

In 16–18, use the table of flags.

Flags of Different Nations
16. Reasoning The flag of this nation
has more than three parts. The parts Nation Flag
are equal. Which nation is this?
Mauritius
17. The flag of Nigeria is made up of
equal parts. What is the name of Nigeria
the parts of this flag?
Poland
18. Which flag does NOT have equal parts?

19. Which shape is NOT divided into Seychelles

equal parts?
A B C D

Lesson 12-1 249

27289_248-249_002 249 1/4/07 3:03:32 PM

 Lesson

12-2 Fractions and Regions

NS 3.0 Understand the
relationship between
whole numbers, simple
fractions, and decimals.
How can you show and name part of
a region?
Mr. Kim made a pan of fruit bars. He served part
of the pan of bars to friends. What part of the
whole pan was served? What part was left?
A fraction is a symbol, such as _12 or _23, that
names equal parts of a whole.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, write the fraction of each 5. In the example above, what fraction
figure that is orange. names all of the parts in the pan
of bars?
1. 2.
6. Mrs. Gupta bought a pizza. She
ate part of it. What fraction of the
pizza did she eat? What fraction
In 3 and 4, draw a picture to show of the pizza was left?
each fraction.

3. _34 4. _47

Independent Practice
In 7–10, write the fraction of each figure that is green.
7. 8. 9. 10.

In 11–15, draw a picture to show each fraction.

11. _13 12. _24 13. _16 7

14. __
10
15. _22

Animated Glossary
www.pearsonsuccessnet.com

250 *For another example, see Set B on page 270.

27289_250-251_250 250 10/23/07 12:01:51 PM

 What You Write What You Say
Numerator 4
__ 4 equal parts served Four ninths of the pan
Denominator 9 9 equal parts in all of fruit bars was served.
Numerator 5
__ 5 equal parts left
Denominator 9 9 equal parts in all
The numerator tells how many equal parts are Five ninths of the pan
described. It is the number above the fraction bar. of fruit bars was left.
The denominator tells the total number of equal
parts. It is the number below the bar.

Problem Solving

For 16–19, use the sign at the right.

Size of Pizza Price
16. Ben and his friends ordered a medium
pizza. Ben ate 1 slice of the pizza. Small
What fraction of the pizza did Ben eat?
$7

17. Aida’s family bought a large pizza.

The family ate 4 slices of the pizza. Medium
What fraction of the pizza was left?
$9
18. Tami’s family bought 3 small pizzas.
Leo’s family bought 2 medium pizzas.
How much more did Tami’s family Large
spend than Leo’s family?
$11
19. Which costs more, 6 small pizzas or
4 large pizzas? How much more?

20. Reasonableness A pan of macaroni and cheese is divided into

12 unequal parts. Alana serves 3 of the parts. Is it reasonable to
3
say she has served __
12
of the macaroni and cheese? Explain.

21. Look at the picture of the quilt. What

fraction of the quilt is white?
6
A _46 C __
10

B _66 D _25

Lesson 12-2 251

27289_250-251_002 251 1/4/07 3:03:53 PM

 Lesson

12-3 Fractions and Sets counters

How can a fraction name part of a group?

NS 3.0 Understand the
relationship between
whole numbers, simple
fractions, and decimals.
A group of 12 people is in line for movie tickets.
What fraction of the group of people are wearing red?
What fraction of the people are not wearing red?
A fraction can name equal parts
of a set or group of objects. 8 of the people
are wearing red.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, write the fraction of the 5. In the example above, why is the
counters that are red. denominator the same for the part
of the group wearing red and for the
1. 2.
part of the group not wearing red?

6. A group of 9 students is waiting

In 3 and 4, draw counters to show the for a bus. Six of them are wearing
fraction given. jackets. What fraction of the
students in the group are wearing
3. _45 4. _38
jackets? What fraction of the
students are not wearing jackets?

Independent Practice
In 7–9, write the fraction of the counters that are yellow.
7. 8. 9.

In 10–12, draw a picture of the set described.

10. 5 shapes, _35 of the 11. 8 shapes, _58 of the 12. 2 shapes, _12 of the
shapes are circles shapes are triangles shapes are squares

eTools
www.pearsonsuccessnet.com

252 *For another example, see Set B on page 270.

27289_252-253_252 252 10/23/07 12:02:17 PM

 What You Write What You Say
8
__ Number of people wearing red Eight twelfths of the people
12 Total number of people are wearing red.

4
__ Number of people not wearing red Four twelfths of the people
12 Total number of people are not wearing red.

Problem Solving

For 13–15, write the fraction of the group of buttons described.

13. Pink buttons

14. Blue buttons

15. Buttons with only two holes

In 16 and 17, draw a picture to show each fraction of a set.

16. Flowers: _34 are yellow 17. Apples: _12 are green

18. What fraction of your body’s bones are NOT

in your feet?

1
4
One fourth of
your body’s bones
are in your feet.

19. Number Sense A family of 5 is 20. What fraction of the flower

buying concert tickets. If _25 of petals have fallen off
the tickets they buy are for adults, the flower?
how many adult tickets does A _35 8
C __
10
the family need?
B _28 2
D __
10

Lesson 12-3 253

27289_252-253_002 253 1/4/07 3:04:16 PM

 Lesson

Fractions and Length

1

12-4 fraction strips

8

How can a fraction name part of a length?

What fraction of this necklace
NS 3.0 Understand the length is blue? What fraction
relationship between
whole numbers, simple is not blue?
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
fractions, and decimals.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Also MR 2.3. A fraction can name part of
a length.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, what fraction of the length of 3. In the example above, how do the
the 1 strip do the other strips show? Use fraction strips help you solve the
fraction strips to help. problem?
1. 1 4. What fraction of the ribbon length
1 1 1 1 1 1 below is green? What fraction of
8 8 8 8 8 8
the ribbon length is not green?

2. 1
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
3 3
6 6 6 6 6

Independent Practice
In 5–8, what fraction of the length of the 1 strip do
the other strips show? Use fraction strips to help.
5. 1
6. 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

7. 1
8. 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

eTools
www.pearsonsuccessnet.com

254 *For another example, see Set C on page 270.

27289_254-255_001 254 1/18/07 12:30:04 PM

 What You Write What You Say
5
_ Number of parts of the length that are blue Five eighths of the
8 Total number of parts in the necklace length necklace length is blue.

3
_ Number of parts of the length that are not blue Three eighths of the
8 Total number of parts in the necklace length necklace length is
not blue.

Problem Solving

For 9 and 10, what fraction of each length of yarn is green?

9. 10.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 4 4

11. Estimation Nick wants to buy two
items. He estimated that the total
cost of the items is $100. One item
costs $58. What is one reasonable
price of the other item?
12. For her part in the school play,
Carmen must memorize 10 lines.
Each line has about 10 words. About
how many words does Carmen need
to memorize?

13. Which group shows fewer than _35 of the shapes shaded?
A C

B D

14. The Honey Run Covered Bridge is near Chico, California. The
longest roof covers more than _12 of the bridge. The other two
roofs cover _13 and _18 of the bridge. Which fraction of the bridge
does the 30-foot roof cover, _13 or _18 ? Explain.

30 ft
130 ft
80 ft Honey Run Covered Bridge
is the only covered bridge in
the U.S. with 3 roofs on
different levels.

Lesson 12-4 255

27289_254-255_002 255 12/19/06 9:40:20 PM

 Lesson

12-5 Using Models to fraction strips

Compare Fractions 1
Nola painted __
of one board.
2

How can you compare fractions?

NS 3.1 Compare fractions
represented by drawings Nola and Edwin are painting two boards that
or concrete materials to
show equivalency and to are the same size and the same shape. Who
add and subtract simple
fractions in context (e.g., painted a greater amount—Nola or Edwin?
1 of a pizza is the same
2
amount as 24 of another Compare _12 and _25.
pizza that is the same size; 2
Edwin painted __
show that 38 is larger 5
of the other board.
than 14 ).

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, compare. Write ⬎, ⬍, or ⫽. 3. In the problem above about Zoe
Use fraction strips to help. and Nat, can you tell who painted a
greater area of board? Explain.
1. 1 1
4 4

1 1 4. Bob and Irene are painting two

5 5
walls that are the same size and
2
_
4 䊊 _25 shape. Irene painted _23 of one wall.
Bob painted _34 of the other wall.
2. 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 Who painted a greater amount?
1 1 1
6 6 6
2
_
䊊
4
_ 3
_ 3
8 6

3
_
4

Independent Practice
In 5–7, compare. Write ⬎, ⬍, or ⫽. Use fraction strips to help.
5. 1 1 6. 1 1 1 7. 1 1
3 3 12 12 12 6 6

1 1 1
5 4 2

2
_
3 䊊 _15 3
__
12 䊊 _14 2
_
6 䊊 _12
eTools
www.pearsonsuccessnet.com

256 *For another example, see Set D on page 271.

27289_256-257_256 256 10/23/07 12:02:40 PM

 You can use fraction strips. Zoe painted _12 of one board. Nat painted _12 of
1 a board with a different area. Is the half Zoe
1
painted equal to the half Nat painted?
2 1 of each
__
1 1
Draw a picture. 2
board is painted
5 5

Compare the fraction strips.

1
_
2
is greater than _25 .
1 _
_ 2 The boards have different areas. Zoe’s half is
⬎ not equal to Nat’s half.
2 5
Nola painted a greater amount.

Problem Solving

The fraction strips below the 1-strip at the right represent 1

three loaves of bread that Mrs. Rai sliced for a meal. The 1 1
strips show how much of each loaf was left after the meal. 3 3

1 1 1
8 8 8
For 8 and 9, copy and complete each number
1 1 1 1 1
sentence to find the loaf with the greater amount 6 6 6 6 6

left after the meal.

8. The loaf cut in sixths or the loaf cut in thirds
5
_
6 䊊 _23
9. The loaf cut in eighths or the loaf cut in thirds
3
_
8 䊊 _23
10. Writing to Explain Lupe ate _13 of a sandwich.
Jed ate _13 of a different sandwich. Jed ate more
than Lupe. How is that possible?

11. Kobe fed his hamster and his rabbit. He gave the rabbit
3 carrot pieces for each 2 carrot pieces he gave the hamster.
If the hamster got 8 carrot pieces, how many carrot pieces
did the rabbit get?

12. Which group shows more than _57 of the shapes shaded?
A C

B D

Lesson 12-5 257

27289_256-257_002 257 1/4/07 3:05:05 PM

 Lesson

12-6 Finding Equivalent fraction strips

NS 3.1 Compare fractions
represented by drawings
or concrete materials to
show equivalency and to
add and subtract simple
fractions in context
(e.g., 12 of a pizza is the
same amount as 24 of
another pizza that is the
same size; show that 38 is
larger than 14 ).
Fractions
How can different fractions name 1
__ of the border
2
the same part of a whole?
Sonya has decorated _12 of
the border. What are two
other ways to name _12?
Different fractions can name the same part of a whole.

Another Example How can you write a fraction in simplest form?

In Lessons 10-1 through 10-5, you learned division facts that will
help you find equivalent fractions.
Mario has colored _46 of a border. What is the simplest form of _46?
The simplest form of a fraction is a fraction with a numerator and
denominator that cannot be divided by the same divisor, except 1.
4
__
6
of the length
of the border

One Way Another Way

Use models. Divide the numerator and denominator
by the same number.
1
Find a divisor that both the numerator
1 1 1 1 and denominator can be divided by evenly.
6 6 6 6
Both 4 and 6 can be ⫼2
1 1
3 3 evenly divided by 2. 4
_ 2
_
6 ⫽ 3
4 _
_ 2 ⫼2
⫽
6 3
The numerator and denominator of _23 cannot
The simplest form of _46 is _23.
be divided evenly by the same divisor except 1.
The simplest form of _46 is _23.

Explain It
1. Number Sense Is _13 the simplest form of _26 ? Why or why not?
2. Wendi has colored _24 of a banner. In simplest form, what
fraction of the banner did Wendi color?

258

27289_258-261_001 258 12/13/06 2:59:30 PM

 1 __
_ ⫽
■ You can use fraction strips. The 1 __
_ ⫽
■ You can use fraction strips. The
2 8 denominators of the fractions tell 2 6 denominator is 6 so use _16 strips.
which fraction strips to use.

Find how many _18s are equal to _12. Find how many _16s are equal to _12.

1 1
1 1
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 6 6 6

Four _18 strips are equal to _12 , so _12 ⫽ _48. Three _16 strips are equal to _12 , so _12 ⫽ _36 .
Another name for _12 is _48 . Another name for _12 is _36 .

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
1. Copy and complete the number 5. In the example above, what pattern
sentence. Use fraction strips or do you see in the numerator and
make drawings on grid paper. denominator of fractions that
name _12?
1

1 6. Vijay folded a rope into fourths.

3
Then he showed _14 of the length.
1 1 1 1 1 __
_ ⫽
■
12 12 12 12
3 12 Write _14 one other way.

Find the simplest form of each fraction.

5
2. __
10
3. _69 4. _24

Independent Practice
In 7–9, copy and complete each number sentence. Use fraction
strips or make drawings on grid paper to help.
7. 1 8. 1 9. 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
4 5 5 5 3 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 6 6 6 6

1 __
_ ⫽
■ 3 __
_ ⫽
■ 2 __
_ ⫽
■
4 8 5 10 3 6

Animated Glossary, eTools

www.pearsonsuccessnet.com

*For another example, see Set E on page 271. Lesson 12-6 259

27289_258-261_002 259 12/13/06 2:59:40 PM

 Independent Practice
For 10–12, copy and complete each number sentence. Use fraction
strips or make drawings on grid paper to help.
10. 1
11. 1 12. 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 5 5 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8

6 __
_ ⫽
■ 2 __
_ ⫽
■ 1 __
_ ⫽
■
8 4 5 10 2 8

For 13–20, write each fraction in simplest form.

13. _36 9
14. __
12
8
15. __
12
5
16. __
15
2 8 6
17. __
10
18. _78 19. __
10
20. __
12

Problem Solving

21. Evie painted _16 of a board. What is 22. Number Sense Carlos said that _34
one other way to name _16 ? must be less than _38 because 4 is less
than 8. Do you agree? Explain.

23. Writing to Explain How do you 24. Two eighths of a necklace is red.
know that _23 is in simplest form? What part of the necklace is not red?

25. Reasonableness Jan reads 4 to 26. About _26 of Earth’s

6 books every month. What is a land surface is
reasonable number of books Jan desert. Write
would read in 7 months? Explain a fraction
your answer.
equivalent to _26.

27. The shaded part of which rectangle is a fraction equal to _14?

A B C D

260

27289_258-261_003 260 12/13/06 2:59:46 PM

 Light travels in waves. You see a sweater and it looks red.
The sweater absorbs the wavelengths of all colors except
red. The red wavelengths bounce off, or reflect off, the
sweater and you see the red color.
The diagram below shows colors and their wavelengths
measured in units called nanometers. A nanometer is a
very small part of a meter. The shortest wavelengths are
at the left. The longest are at the right.

violet blue green yellow orange red

400 470 525 575 610 700

Use the diagram to answer the questions.

1. Which color has the longest 2. What is the wavelength of the color
wavelength? that has the shortest wavelength?

3. About how many more nanometers 4. Misha has a yellow shirt. What might
long is the wavelength of the color be the wavelength of the waves that
green than the wavelength of the are reflected off the shirt?
color blue?

5. Look at the table below. 6. Strategy Focus Solve the problem.

Use the strategy Draw a Picture.
Length of Wave
Kind of Wave A scientist measured the wavelength
(in centimeters)
Light less than 1
of light waves that reflected off a
Microwave 1
block. Green paint covered _36 of the
Radio 100
block, and blue paint covered _26 of
the block. Name the fraction of
Which kind of wave listed is the the block that was not painted
longest? blue or green.

Lesson 12-6 261

27289_258-261_004 261 12/13/06 2:59:48 PM

 Lesson

12-7 Using Equivalent fraction strips

Fractions
How can you use equivalent fractions 2
__ of the stripe
NS 3.1 Compare fractions 3
represented by drawings to compare fractions? is painted
or concrete materials to
show equivalency and to Cory and Mel are painting stripes of the same
size. Cory painted _23 of one stripe. Mel painted
add and subtract simple
fractions in context (e.g.,
1 of a pizza is the same
1
_
2
amount as 24 of another 2
of the other stripe. Who painted a greater 1
__ of the stripe
2
pizza that is the same size;
show that 38 is larger
amount—Cory or Mel? Compare _23 and _12. is painted
than 14 ).

Another Example How can you use equivalent fractions

to order fractions?
Chet, Kim, and Lara are each painting stripes. Each stripe is the same
size. Chet has painted _14 of a stripe, Kim has painted _68 of a stripe, and
Lara has painted _12 of a stripe. Who has painted the least amount?

One Way Another Way

Show each fraction with models. Find equivalent fractions.
1 1
1 4 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 8 8 8 8 8 8

1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8
1 _
_ 2 1 _
_ 4
1 ⫽ ⫽
2 4 8 2 8

The fraction strip models show Compare the equivalent fractions.

that _12 and _68 are greater than _14. Use what you found to compare the
original fractions.
Chet has painted the least amount.
2 _
_ 4 6
1
8
1
8 ⬍ ⬍_
8 8 8
1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8

1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8
So, _14 ⬍ _12 ⬍ _68

Explain It
1. Why were both _14 and _12 changed to eighths?

262

27289_262-264_001 262 1/4/07 3:05:18 PM

 One Way Another Way
Show each fraction with models. Find equivalent fractions.
1 1 1
3 3 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 1
3 3
2 _
_ 4 1 _
_ 3
1 ⫽ ⫽
2 3 6 2 6
Compare the equivalent fractions. Use your
The fraction strips show that _23 ⬎ _12. answer to compare the original fractions.
4 _
_ 3
⬎
6 6
Cory painted a greater
2 _
_ 1
⬎ amount than Mel.
3 2

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, compare. Write ⬎, ⬍, or ⫽. 3. In the problem above, how many
more sixths should Mel paint to
1. _34 䊊 _12 1 equal the amount that Cory painted?
1 1 1
4 4 4

3
_ 2
_ 1
4
1
4 4. Sky painted _23 of a stripe. Dan
4 4
painted _34 of a stripe of the same
2. _14 䊊 _38 1
size. Who painted a greater
1 1
amount—Sky or Dan?
8 8

2
_ 3
_ 1
8
1
8
1
8
8 8
2
__
3

3
__
4

Independent Practice
In 5–7, compare. Write ⬎, ⬍, or ⫽. You may use fraction strips or drawings.

5. _23 䊊 _14 3
6. __
12 䊊 _14 7. _26 䊊 _12
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 12 12 12 6 6

1 1 1
4 4 2

eTools
www.pearsonsuccessnet.com

*For another example, see Set E on page 271. Lesson 12-7 263

27289_262-264_263 263 10/23/07 12:03:05 PM

 Problem Solving

For 8 and 9, use the drawings at the right.

Three strips of fabric are each the same
size. Ben cut the strips into pieces as
shown. The shaded parts show how much
of each strip was left after Ben used some
of the pieces. Copy and complete each
number sentence to show the strip with
the greater amount left.

8. The strip cut in eighths or the strip 9. The strip cut in halves or the strip cut
cut in fourths? _58 䊊3
_
4 䊊
in fourths? _12 3
_
4

10. Writing to Explain Kimo painted
1
__
3
of a fence rail. Raul painted __31 of a
different fence rail. Kimo painted a
greater amount than Raul. How is
that possible?
11. Strategy Focus Solve. Use the
strategy Use Objects and Draw a
Picture.
Bessie made a pattern of tiles on the
wall. She used 2 red tiles for every
3 yellow tiles. If she used 9 yellow
tiles, how many red tiles did she use?

12. Which lists the fractions in order 13. Sue has 3 packs of 5 marbles. Bob
from least to greatest? has 4 packs of 7 marbles. How many
marbles do they have in all?
A _12, _13, _14
3 __ A 23 marbles
B _25, __ , 4
10 12
B 33 marbles
C _24, _36, _48
C 43 marbles
D _14, _13, __ 7
12 D 53 marbles

14. Which group shows fewer than _46 of the shapes shaded?
A C

B D

15. What fraction of the figure is blue?

A _16 C _13
B _14 D _36

264

27289_262-264_003 264 1/4/07 3:05:31 PM

 Compare the numbers. Use , , or .

1. 1,102 䊊 853 2. 3,687 䊊 3,698 3. 7,092 䊊 5,940

Estimate and then find each sum or difference.
Check that your answer is reasonable.
4. 96 5. 435 6. 716 7. 2,084
 47  68  624  3,759

Find each product.

8. 8  7 9. 10  9 10. 3  2  2 11. 6  0 12. 7  4

Find each quotient.

13. 56  7 14. 9  1 15. 24  4 16. 40  8

Copy and complete each number sentence.

4
17. _12  __ ■
18. _13  __ ■
19. _23  __ ■
20. _35  __
■ 6 12 10

Error Search Find each sum or difference that is not correct.

Write it correctly and explain the error.
21. 13 22. 238 23. 461 24. 6,570 25. 1,842
 17  149  345  2,891  1,536
30 377 16 9,461 316

Number Sense
Estimating and Reasoning Write true or false for each statement.
If it is false, explain why.
26. The product 7  10 is greater than 710.

27. The difference 1,258  1,108 is greater than 100.

28. The sum 178  129 is less than 300.

29. The difference 309  164 is less than 100.

30. The quotient 49  7 is less than 10.

Lesson 12-7 265

27289_265-265_265 265 10/23/07 12:03:15 PM

 Lesson Problem Solving

12-8 Make a Table and Look

AF 2.0 Represent simple
functional relationships.
Also MR 3.0 Move
beyond a particular
problem by generalizing
to other situations.
for a Pattern
A video game company
tested 20 games. Three of
the games did not work.
If 120 games are tested,
how many of them might
not work?

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
Copy and complete the table to solve. 2. Look at the example above. If the
video game store bought 50 games,
1. Ms. Simms is buying bags of blocks.
about how many games might not
Out of the 50 blocks in each bag,
work? Explain.
3 are cubes. If Ms. Simms buys 250
blocks, how many will be cubes?
3. Write a Problem Write a problem
that can be solved by making a
Cubes 3 ■ ■ ■ ■ table and using a pattern. Then
solve the problem.
Total
Blocks
50 ■ ■ ■ ■

Independent Practice
Copy and complete the table to solve.
4. Erasers are sold in packages of 6.
In each package, 2 of the erasers
are pink. How many pink erasers
will you get if you buy 30 erasers? • What do I know?
• What am I asked to find?
Pink
Erasers
2 ■ ■ ■ ■ • What diagram can I use to help
understand the problem?
Total
Erasers
6 ■ ■ ■ ■ • Can I use addition, subtraction,
multiplication, or division?
• Is all of my work correct?
• Did I answer the right question?
• Is my answer reasonable?

266 *For another example, see Set F on page 271.

27289_266-267_266 266 10/23/07 12:03:27 PM

 Plan Solve
Make a table. Extend the table. Look for a pattern to
Then, write in the information help. Then find the answer in the table.
you know.
Might Not
Might Not Work
3 6 9 12 15 18
Work
3
Total
Total Games
20 40 60 80 100 120
Games
20
If 120 games are tested, 18 might
not work.

In 5 and 6, copy and complete each table to solve.

5. Sue planted 8 daffodil bulbs. Two of
the bulbs didn’t grow. Suppose that
pattern continues and Sue plants
32 bulbs. How many bulbs most
likely won’t grow?
6. Sue planted 12 tulip bulbs of mixed
colors. When the bulbs grew, there
were 4 red tulips. Suppose that pattern
continues and Sue plants 48 bulbs. How
many of the tulips will likely be red?

Didn’t Grow 2 ■ ■ ■ Red Tulips 4 ■ ■ ■

Total Bulbs 8 ■ ■ ■ Total Tulips 12 ■ ■ ■

7. Reasoning Tad planted 15 tulips in 8. Reasoning Look back at Problem 5.

a row. He followed the pattern shown
below. What is the color of the last
tulip in the row?
Suppose Sue decided to plant
20 daffodil bulbs.
a How many bulbs would most likely
not grow?
b How many bulbs would most likely
grow?

9. Which equivalent fraction completes 10. Number Sense Suppose Sue wants
the pattern below? 10 red tulips. How many tulip bulbs
1
_ 2
_ 3
__ ■
__ should she plant? See Problem 6.
4 8 12 ■
3
__ 3
A 14 C __
16
11. Look back at Problem 6. If Sue
4 4 planted 48 tulip bulbs, how many
B __
14
D __
16 of the tulips will NOT be red?

Lesson 12-8 267

27289_266-267_002 267 1/4/07 3:05:49 PM

 1. What is the name of the equal parts
of the whole pizza? (12-1)
4. Allison is buying packages of sliced
meat for the picnic. Each package
has 20 slices of meat. Out of the
20 slices, 5 are turkey. If Allison buys
80 slices, how many are turkey?
(12-8)

Turkey
A sixths Slices 5 10 ■ ■
B sevenths Total Slices 20 40 60 80
C eighths
A 11
D ninths
B 15
2. The stage was divided into equal C 16
parts. What fractional part of the
stage was used for flute players? D 20
(12-2)
5. Which lists the fractions in order
Trombones Drums Trombones from least to greatest? (12-7)
Clarinets Trombones Clarinets
1
Flutes Triangles Flutes
1 1 1
4 4 4

A _19 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8

B _29
A _34 , _38 , _58
C _27
B _38 , _58 , _34
D _39
C _58 , _34 , _38
3. Blair bought the fruit shown below.
What fraction of the pieces of fruit D _38 , _34 , _58
are oranges? (12-3)
6. Which fraction is in simplest
5
_ form? (12-6)
A 7
B 6
__
12
A _23
C 5
__
12
B _68
D 1
_
5
C _24
9
D __
12

268

27289_268-269_268 268 11/28/07 5:09:51 PM

 7. What number makes the statement 9. Ty is gluing a wire along the bottom
true? (12-6) of a board. What part of the board
has he finished wiring? (12-4)
1

1
4
1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6
1 1 1
12 12 12

1 __■ A _66
_ 
4 12
B _45
A 3
C _56
B 4
C 6 D _16

D9 10. The rectangle shows _13 shaded.

8. During the time allowed, Deja

1
swam _34 of the length of the pool. _
3
Loren swam _45 of it. Use the models
to find which symbol makes the
The shaded part of which rectangle
comparison true. (12-5)
below is equal to _13 ? (12-7)
3
_
4 䊊 _45 A
6
 __
1 12
1 1 1
4 4 4
B
1 1 1 1
5 5 5 5 2
_
6
A 
B  C
C  12
 __
24
D
D
2
 __
12

Topic 12 Test Prep 269

27289_268-269_269 269 11/28/07 5:10:04 PM

 Set A, pages 248–249

Tell if the shape is divided into equal parts of a Remember that equal parts do not
whole and name them. need to be the same shape, but
they must be equal in area.
Tell if each shows equal or
unequal parts. If the parts are
There are 8 equal parts. equal, name them.

The equal parts are called eighths. 1. 2.

Set B, pages 250–253

What fraction of the triangles are pink? Remember that fractions can
name regions or sets.
Write the fraction of the figure
numerator
__________ number of pink triangles 5
⫽ __________________ ⫽ _ that is red.
denominator total number of triangles 8
5
_ 1.
8
of the triangles are pink.

Write the fraction of the counters

that are red.
2.

Set C, pages 254–255

What fraction of the length of the 1 strip do Remember that fraction strips
the other strips show? divide the whole strip into
equal parts.
1

1 1 What fraction of the length of the

3 3
1 strip do the other strips show?
Two _13 strips show _23 of the 1 strip.
1. 1

1 1 1
5 5 5

2. 1

11 1 11 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8

270

27289_270-271_001 270 1/4/07 3:06:00 PM

 Set D, pages 256–257

Compare _38 and _12. Remember that if two fractions

have the same denominator, the
3
_
8 䊊 _12 fraction with the greater numerator
is the greater fraction.
1

11 1 11 3 _
_ 1 Compare. Write ⬍, ⬎, or ⫽.
8 8 8 ⬍
8 2
1
1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

䊊 _25
2
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 7
_
1
5
1
5
8

Set E, pages 258–260, 262–264

Pilar and Jeff are painting two lines that are Remember that you can use
the same length. Pilar painted _12 of one line. equivalent fractions to help
Jeff painted _13 of the other line. Who painted a compare.
greater amount—Pilar or Jeff? Compare. Write ⬎, ⬍, or ⫽.
Find equivalent fractions. 1. _14 䊊 _12 2. _25 䊊 __
3
10
1 1
2 1 _
_ 3 3 1 _
_ 2 2
_ 4
_ 4
__ 3
__
⫽ ⫽
1
6
1
6
1
6
2 6 1
6
1
6
3 6 8 8 10 10
1 1 1 1

Compare the equivalent fractions. _36 ⬎ _26 1

4

1 1 1
2

1 1
5

1 1 1 1
5

1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

So, _12 ⬎ _13. Pilar painted more.

Set F, pages 266–267

Make a table to solve the problem. Remember it can help to make a

table when the amounts change
Bags of marbles have 20 marbles in each bag. according to a pattern.
Out of the 20 marbles, 4 are green. If you buy
1. Pens are sold in packages of 8.
80 marbles, how many are green?
In each package there are 2 red
Make a table showing what you know. Look for pens. How many red pens will
a pattern and continue it. you get if you buy 40 pens?

Green
Marbles
4 8 12 16 16 marbles
Red
Pens
2 ■ ■ ■ ■
Total
Marbles
20 40 60 80 will be green. Total
Pens
8 ■ ■ ■ ■

Topic 12 Reteaching 271

27289_270-271_002 271 1/4/07 3:06:03 PM