Topic

Adding and
13 Subtracting Fractions
1
What fraction of paper
used in the United States is
recycled? You will find out
in Lesson 13-2.

2
What fraction of the energy
used in the United States
comes from natural gas? You
will find out in Lesson 13-4.

272

27289_272-273_FSD_001 272 12/13/06 9:55:10 PM


3
The tiger beetle and the
caterpillar hunter beetle are
helpful insects that live in
California. Which type of
beetle is longer? You will find
out in Lesson 13-3.
4 Fractions and Regions
How much does the shoreline
of Iceland grow each year? You
will find out in Lesson 13-1.
27289_272-273_FSD_002 273
Vocabulary
Choose the best term from the box.
• denominator • fraction
• fourths • numerator
1. When a region is divided into four
equal parts, the parts are called ? .
2. A ? is a symbol used to name equal
parts of a whole or a set.
3. A ? is the number below the fraction
bar that tells the total number of equal
parts.
Name the parts of the whole.
4. 5.
Fractions and Sets
Write the fraction of the counters that are red.
6. 7.
Equivalent Fractions
Copy and complete each number sentence.
2
8. _14 ⫽ __ ■
9. _25 ⫽ __
■ 10
10. Writing to Explain Explain how to
find two other ways to name _12 .
Topic 13 273
12/13/06 9:55:33 PM
 Lesson

13-1 Using Models to fraction strips

Add Fractions 3
__
8

How can you add fractions?

NS 3.1 Compare fractions
represented by drawings
or concrete materials to
Mia used _38 of the block of clay to make the
show equivalency and to frog. She used _18 of the block to make the lily
add and subtract simple
fractions in context (e.g., pad. What fraction of the block did she use in all?
_1 of a pizza is the same 1
__
Find _38 ⫹ _18 .
2 8
amount as 4_2 of another
pizza that is the same
size; show that 8_2 is larger
than 4_1).

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, add. Write the sum in 3. Suppose you add two fractions with
simplest form. You may use fraction the same denominator. What can
strips or draw a picture to help. you say about the sum before you
write it in simplest form?
1. _25 ⫹ _15 1 1 1
5 5 5

4. Alonso used _26 of a loaf of bread to

2 4 make peanut butter sandwiches.
2. __ ⫹ __ 1 1 1 1 1 1
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
He used _26 of the loaf to make tuna
sandwiches. What fraction of the
bread loaf did he use in all?

Independent Practice
Leveled Practice In 5–14, add. Write the sum in simplest form.
You may draw a picture to help.
5. _36 ⫹ _26 1 1 1 1 1 6. _28 ⫹ _48 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8

3 5
7. _14 ⫹ _24 8. _13 ⫹ _13 9. __ ⫹ __
10 10
10. _25 ⫹ _15

3 5 3
11. __ ⫹ __
12 12
12. _16 ⫹ _26 13. _58 ⫹ _28 4
14. __ ⫹ __
10 10

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274 *For another example, see Set A on page 290.

27289_274-275_001 274 12/11/06 10:53:50 PM

 Step 1 Step 2
Add. Write the sum in simplest form.

1 1

1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8
1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 1
2

3 _
_ 1 4 4 _ 1
⫹ ⫽_ _ ⫽
8 8 8 8 2
So, in simplest form, _38 ⫹ _18 ⫽ _48, or _12.
All together, Mia used _12 of the block of clay.

Problem Solving

15. Ken ate _24 of a large sandwich and
Janet ate _14 of it. Write an addition
sentence that shows the fraction of
the sandwich they ate all together.
16. Chad found 12 seashells. Four of
them were bubble shells. The rest
were jingle shells. In simplest form,
what fraction of the shells were
jingle shells?

17. Rashad colored _35 of a flag red and 18. Nia painted _48 of a fence rail and
1
_
5
of the same flag green. What Tracy painted _28 of it. In simplest
fraction of the flag did he color in all? form, what fraction of the rail did
they paint in all?
1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8

A _64 B _34 C _12 D _28

19. The shore of Iceland grows each 20. Writing to Explain Cassie drank
5
year. If it grew _25 inch one year and
_
8
of a glass of juice. Julie drank _34 of
3
_ the same size glass of juice. Who
5
inch the next year, how much did
it grow in the two years? drank more juice? Explain.

21. Which fraction comes next in the 22. Estela cut a rectangle into sixths.
pattern? Draw a picture of a rectangle
, 2 , _3 , _4, divided into sixths. Use grid paper
2 4 6 8 ■
1 _
_
to help.
5
A __ 15
B _37 5
C __
10
D _59

Lesson 13-1 275

27289_274-275_002 275 12/19/06 9:41:08 PM

 Lesson

13-2 Adding Fractions 6

__
12
2
__
12

How can you add fractions?

Jorge was painting a birdhouse roof.
6
NS 3.2 Add and He painted __
12
of the roof green. Then
subtract simple fractions
2
(e.g., determine that 8_1 ⫹ 8_3 he painted another __ 12
of the roof
is the same as 2_1).
red. What fraction of the roof did
he paint in all?
6 2
Find __ ⫹ __.
12 12

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1–4, add. Write each sum in 5. In the example above, how do you
simplest form. know if the sum is in simplest form?
1. _58 ⫹ _18 4
2. __ 4
⫹ __
10 10 6. Kate was painting a banner.
3. 2
_ 4. 2
_ She painted _16 of it blue. Then she
5 9 painted _26 more of the banner red.
3 1
⫹_ ⫹_ What fraction of the banner did
5 9
she paint in all?

Independent Practice
In 7–24, add. Write each sum in simplest form.
7. _12 ⫹ _12 8. _27 ⫹ _47 9. _19 ⫹ _59 10. _14 ⫹ _14

3 7 2
11. __ ⫹ __
11 11
4
12. __ ⫹ __
10 10
13. _15 ⫹ _25 14. _18 ⫹ _18

3
_ 3
_ 8
__ 2
_ 4
_
15. 6 16. 7 17. 12 18. 4 19. 9
2
_ 1 2 1 3
⫹ ⫹_ ⫹ __ ⫹ _ ⫹_
6 7 12 4 9

2
__ 2
_ 4
_ 1
_ 4
__
20. 10 21. 5 22. 8 23. 6 24. 11
7 2 4 3 5
⫹ __ ⫹_ ⫹_ ⫹_ ⫹ __
10 5 8 6 11

276 *For another example, see Set B on page 290.

27289_276-277_001 276 12/11/06 10:54:08 PM

 Step 1 Step 2
6 2
Find __ ⫹ __.
12 12
Write the sum in simplest form.
To add fractions with the same Divide the numerator and denominator
denominator: by the same number.
⫼4
Add the numerators. 8
__ 2
_ 8 is evenly divided by 4.
6
__ 2 8
⫹ __ ⫽ __ Use the same 12 ⫽ 3
12 12 12 12 is evenly divided by 4.
denominator.
⫼4
6
__ 2 8
⫹ __ ⫽ __
12 12 12
8 2
In simplest form, __ ⫽ _.
12 3
Jorge painted _23 of the roof in all.

Problem Solving

25. Gail’s family was on a summer car 26. Writing to Explain Mrs. Dena
5
trip. They drove __
10
of the total put peanuts on top of _18 of a pie.
distance on Monday. On Tuesday She put walnuts on top of _38 of the
2
they drove __10
of the total distance. pie. What fraction of the pie has
What fraction of the total distance nuts on top? Write your answer in
did they drive all together in those simplest form. Explain how you
two days? found your answer.

27. Phil compared the distances Distance Between Oakland

between Oakland and other cities. and Other Cities
How many more miles are between Number
Oakland and Cleveland than City
of Miles
between Oakland and Chicago? Boston 3,095
A 4,609 C 628 Chicago 2,142

B 953 D 325 Cleveland 2,467

28. Katie walked her dog for 12 minutes 29. In 1990, people in the United States
on Monday. The next day, she were recycling _26 of the paper used.
walked her dog 3 times as long as Now we recycle more paper. If we
on Monday. For how many minutes recycle _16 more than in 1990, what
did Katie walk her dog on Tuesday?
fraction of the paper used do we
? minutes in all
recycle now?
3 times
Tuesday 12 12 12 as long

Monday 12

Lesson 13-2 277

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 Lesson

13-3 Using Models to fraction strips

Subtract Fractions
How can you subtract fractions?
NS 3.1 Compare fractions
represented by drawings
or concrete materials to
Helen had _58 of a yard of cloth. She cut
1
_
show equivalency and to
8
of a yard for a scarf. What fraction of
add and subtract simple
fractions in context (e.g., a yard of cloth was left?
_1 of a pizza is the same
2
amount as 4_2 of another Choose an Operation _58 ⫺ _18 ⫽ ■
pizza that is the same
size; show that 8_2 is larger
than 4_1).

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, subtract. Write the difference 3. Suppose you subtract two fractions
in simplest form. You may use fraction with the same denominator. What
strips or draw a picture to help. can you say about the difference
before you write it in simplest form?
1. _68 ⫺ _48
9
4. Ethan lives __
10
of a mile from
1 1 1 1 1 1 3
8 8 8 8 8 8 school. His friend Luis lives __
10
of
a mile from school. How much
farther from school does Ethan
2. _34 ⫺ _14 live than Luis? Write the answer
in simplest form.
1 1 1
4 4 4

Independent Practice
Leveled Practice In 5–10, subtract. Write the difference in simplest
form. You may draw a picture to help.

5. _23 ⫺ _13 1 1
6. _46 ⫺ _26 1 1 1 1
3 3 6 6 6 6

10 __
7. _45 ⫺ _25 8. _79 ⫺ _49 9. __ ⫺
12 12
4
10. _34 ⫺ _24

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278 *For another example, see Set C on page 291.

27289_278-279.indd 278 9/17/07 11:16:03 AM

 Step 1 Step 2
Subtract. Write the difference in simplest form.

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

1
5 _
_ 1 4
⫺ ⫽_
2
8 8 8
4 _
_ 1
⫽
8 2
5 _ 1 4 1
So, __
8
⫺ ⫽ _, or _.
8 8 2

One half yard of cloth was left.

Problem Solving

11. Selena had _34 of a whole sheet of grid
paper. She cut off _24 of the whole
sheet. Write a subtraction sentence
that shows the fraction of the whole
sheet that was left.
12. Number Sense There are
56 crayons. The crayons are
placed onto 8 tables so that the
same number of crayons is on
each table. How many crayons
in all would be on 3 tables?

13. Ted saw that there was _58 of a pizza 8

14. A diner had __
12
of a supreme pizza on
in the refrigerator. He ate _18 of the the shelf. Then Marion served __4
12
of
pizza. What fraction of the pizza the pizza to a table of customers. In
was left? Write the fraction in simplest form, what fraction of the
simplest form. pizza was left?
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

A _44 C _14
B _13 2
D __
12

15. Use the pictures of beetles at the

right. How much longer is the
caterpillar hunter beetle than
the tiger beetle?

Tiger Beetle:
1 inch long
__
Caterpillar Hunter 2
Beetle:
1 inch long

Lesson 13-3 279

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 Lesson

13-4 Subtracting Fractions

NS 3.2 Add and
subtract simple fractions
(e.g., determine that 8_1  8_3
is the same as 2_1).
How can you subtract fractions?
Susanna had _34 of a sandwich in the
refrigerator. She ate _14 of the sandwich.
What fraction of the sandwich was left?
Choose an Operation _34  _14  ■

Another Example How can you subtract from 1?

Lea baked a pan of pasta. She divided the pan of pasta
3
into tenths. Lea’s family ate __
10
of the pan of pasta at
4
__
lunch. The family ate another 10 of the pan of pasta at
dinner. How much of the pan of pasta was left?

Step 1
Find the part of the pan of pasta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
that was eaten. 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

4
__ 3
 __
10 10
4
__ 3 7 Add the numerators.
 __  __ Use the same
10 10 10
denominator.

Step 2 1
Subtract the part that was eaten from 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
the whole pan of pasta.
7
1  __ 10 __
__ 7 3 Subtract the numerators.
10   __
10 10 10 Use the same
Write 1 as a fraction with denominator 10. denominator.
10
1  __
10
3
The answer, __ , is in simplest form.
10
3
__
10
of the pan of pasta was left.

Explain It
7
1. In the example above, what did 1 represent in 1  __
10
?
10
__
Why was the 1 written as 10?

280

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 Step 1 Step 2
Find _34  _14 . Write the difference in simplest form.
To subtract fractions with the same Divide the numerator and denominator
denominator: by the same number.
3 _
_ 1 2
 _
Subtract the numerators. 2
4 4 4 Keep the same
2
_ 1
_ Divide the numerator
denominator.
4  2 and denominator by 2.
2

So, _34  _14  _24, and in simplest form, _24  _12.

Susanna left _12 of the sandwich.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1–4, subtract. Write each difference in 5. In the example above, how can
simplest form. you check that the difference
is correct?
1. _69  _39 7
2. 1  __
12
5
_ 9
__ 6. David saw _38 of a pie in the
3. 4.
6 10 refrigerator. He ate _18 of the pie.
4 3
_  __ What fraction of the pie was left?
6 10

Independent Practice
In 7–27, subtract. Write each difference in simplest form.
7. _34  _24 8. 1  _47 9. 1  _13 10. _45  _25

11. 1  _39 11 __
12. __ 
12 12
7
13. _56  _26 14. _68  _48

8
15. __ 7
 __
10 10
16. _58  _38 17. 1  _12 10 __
18. __ 
11 11
3

19. _67  _37 20. 1  _49 21. 1  _23 22. 1  _34

4
_ 8
__ 9
__ 9
__ 7
_
23. 5 24. 12 25. 10 26. 12 27. 8
1 4 6 5 3
_  __  __  __ _
5 12 10 12 8

*For another example, see Set D on page 291. Lesson 13-4 281

27289_280-283_002 281 12/11/06 10:55:01 PM

 Problem Solving

28. Hector baked a loaf of bread. He cut the loaf into twelfths.
4 3
He gave __
12
of the loaf to Alicia and __
12
to Ed. What fraction of
the loaf of bread was left?

29. Writing to Explain Stuart had _78 of a pizza in the refrigerator.

He ate _18 of the pizza. What fraction of the pizza was left?
Write your answer in simplest form. Explain how you found
your answer.

Use the table at the right for 30 and 31.

Juice Boxes for
30. The table shows the number of juice boxes Rita Camping Trip

needs to buy for different numbers of campers. Number of Number of

If each camper gets the same number of juice Campers Juice Boxes

boxes, how many are needed for 8 campers? 1 4

2 8
31. Writing to Explain How many more juice boxes 3 12
does Rita need to buy for 5 campers than for
3 campers? Explain how you found your answer.

32. Number Sense Petey, Arun, and
their father were sharing a sandwich.
Petey ate _14 of the sandwich. Arun
ate _14, and their father ate _12 of
the sandwich. How much of the
sandwich was left?
33. About _14 of the energy used in the
United States comes from natural
gas. What fraction of the energy used
does not come from natural gas?

34. Jill spent $3 on milk, $4 on bread, 35. A restaurant has 15 tables. Ten of the
and $5 on cereal. If she got $8 in tables can seat 2 people. The rest of
change, how much money did the tables can seat 4 people. How
Jill pay? many people can the restaurant seat
at one time?
A $5 B $10 C $20 D $50

36. Jay baked a pan of cornbread. He divided the pan of

cornbread into eighths. Jay’s family ate _28 of the pan of
cornbread at lunch. They ate _38 of the pan of cornbread at
dinner. How much of the pan of cornbread was left?

282

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 Greater, Less, or Equal
You know that the two sides of a number Example: _38 ⫹ _18 䊊1
sentence can be equal or unequal. Estimation If you add _18 to _38, is the sum greater
or reasoning can help you decide which symbol than 1?
(⬎, ⬍, or ⫽) shows how the sides compare. Since 1⫽ _88 , the sum of the
fractions is less than 1. Write “⬍”.
⬎ means is greater than
⬍ means is less than
⫽ means is equal to
3 _
_ 1
䊊
⫹ ⬍ 1
8 8

Copy and complete. Replace the circle with

⬍, ⬎, or ⫽. Check your answers.

1. _13 ⫹ _13 䊊1 2. 23 ⫹ 10 䊊 30 3. 50 ⫺ 30 䊊 60 – 30
4. 6 ⫻ 5 䊊6⫻9 5. 12 ⫼ 2 䊊 18 ⫼ 2 6. _79 ⫹ _29 䊊1
2
7. __ 1
⫹ __
10 10 䊊 __
1
10
8. 59 ⫺ 14 䊊 69 ⫺ 24 9. _56 ⫺ _36 䊊 _16
10. _45 ⫺ _15 䊊1 11. 42 ⫹ 17 䊊 50 ⫹ 17 12. _34 ⫺ _14 䊊 _12

For 13 and 14, copy and complete the number sentence below
each problem. Use it to help find your answer.

13. Andy ate _14 of a fruit bar in the
morning. He ate _24 of the fruit bar
in the afternoon. Reg ate 1 whole
fruit bar at lunch. Who ate a greater
amount of fruit bar?
⫹ 䊊
14. Look at the number of pieces of fruit
in the two boxes below. Mori bought
3 boxes of oranges. Kendra bought
3 boxes of pears. Who bought more
pieces of fruit?
■⫻■䊊■⫻■

15. Write a Problem Write a problem using this number sentence:

4 _
_ 1 3 1
⫹ ⬎ _ ⫹ _.
8 8 8 8

Lesson 13-4 283

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 Lesson Problem Solving

13-5 Draw a Picture and Write a

Number Sentence
MR 2.3 Use a variety of Mrs. Vega had _34 of a whole veggie
methods, such as words,
numbers, symbols, charts, wrap. She gave _24 of the whole wrap
graphs, tables, diagrams,
and models, to explain to Trina. She gave the rest of it to Alex.
mathematical reasoning.
Also NS 3.2 What fraction of the whole wrap did
Add and subtract simple
fractions (e.g., determine she give to Alex?
that 8_1 + 8_3 is the same as 2_1).

Another Example In what other kinds of situations can

you draw pictures to solve?
Roberto and Kim each had a sandwich of the same size. They
each ate some of their own sandwich. Roberto had _14 of a
sandwich left. Kim had _24 of a sandwich left. How much more
of a sandwich did Kim have left than Roberto?

Read and Understand Plan and Solve

Use a diagram 2
__ Kim Subtract to solve the problem.
4
to show what 2 _
_ 1 1
⫺ ⫽_
1
__ Roberto 4 4 4
you know. ? 4

Since you are Kim had _14 of a sandwich more

comparing than Roberto.
amounts, you
2 _
_ 1
can subtract. ⫺ ⫽?
4 4

Explain It
1. Suppose Tammy wrote _14 ⫹ ? ⫽ _24 for the diagram
above. Is this number sentence correct? Explain.
2. Jen and Tracy each had a fruit bar of the same size.
They each ate some of their own fruit bar. Jen ate
1
_
3
of her fruit bar. Tracy ate _23 of her fruit bar. How
much more of a fruit bar did Tracy eat than Jen?

284

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 Plan and Solve Solve and Answer
Use a diagram to 3
__
4
of a wrap in all Subtract to solve the problem.
show what you
2
__ 3 _2 1
know. 4
? _ ⫺ ⫽_
4 4 4

3 _ Mrs. Vega gave _14 of the veggie wrap

4 4 ■
_ 2
You know the ⫺ ⫽
total and one part. to Alex.
Subtract to find
the other part.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW?
Draw a picture and write a number
sentence to solve.
1. Miyoko had a piece of ribbon that
was _78 yard long. She cut off _28 yard
to make a bow. She used the rest
of the ribbon to make a tail for her
kite. How much ribbon did she use
for the kite?
Do you UNDERSTAND?
2. What did you do to find the fraction
of the ribbon that Miyoko used for
the kite?
3. Write a Problem Write a problem
with fractions that you can solve
by drawing a picture and writing
a number sentence.

Independent Practice
Draw a picture and write a number sentence to solve.

4. Bev and Gus each had a fruit bar of the same

size. They each ate some of their own fruit bar.
Bev had _34 of a fruit bar left. Gus had _14 of a fruit • What do I know?
bar left. How much more of a fruit bar did Bev • What am I asked to find?
• What diagram can I use to help
have left than Gus?
understand the problem?
• Can I use addition, subtraction,
multiplication, or division?
• Is all of my work correct?
• Did I answer the right question?
• Is my answer reasonable?

*For another example, see Set E on page 291. Lesson 13-5 285

27289_284-287_002 285 12/19/06 9:42:10 PM

 Independent Practice
5. Leo colored _35 of a flag blue. Then he 6. Josh wants to buy some art
colored another _15 of the same flag supplies. How much money does
yellow. What fraction of the flag did Josh need to buy a paint brush and
he color in all? 4 jars of paint?

Art Supplies

Jar of paint $4
Marker $3
Paint brush $6

In 7 and 8, use the pictograph.

Votes for Gym Time Activity
7. Mrs. Riley’s class voted on which
kind of activity they should do Basketball
during gym time. The pictograph
shows the results. Which activity Races
received the most votes?
Skip Rope
8. Writing to Explain How do you
Volleyball
know that two activities did not
receive the same number of votes?
Each ⫽ 1 vote.

9. Gloria and Louisa both walk to school. Gloria Gloria ?

9 6
lives __
10
mile from school. Louisa lives __
10
mile 6
Louisa ___
?
from school. How much farther does Gloria 10

have to walk than Louisa? Copy and complete

the picture at the right. Solve the problem.

10. Each week has 7 days. Which of the 11. Mr. Wilson’s class has 27 students.
following is used to find out how Mrs. Pak’s class has 32 students.
many days are in 2 weeks? Which number sentence shows how
A 7⫺2 C 7⫼2 many more students are in Mrs. Pak’s
class than are in Mr. Wilson’s class?
B 2⫹7 D 2⫻7
A 32 ⫺ 27 ⫽ ■ C 32 ⫼ 27 ⫽ ■
B 32 ⫹ 27 ⫽ ■ D 32 ⫻ 27 ⫽ ■

286

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 Estimate and then find each sum. Check that your answer
is reasonable.
1. 24 2. 39 3. 638 4. 4,207
 65  76  823  1,985

Estimate. Then find each difference. Check that your answer

is reasonable.
5. 83 6. 285 7. 602 8. 5,413
 27  89  234  2,278

Find each product.

9. 4  7 10. 7  9 11. 0  8 12. 10  6 13. 8  5

14. 7  8 15. 5  9 16. 4  3 17. 3  9 18. 2  10

Find each quotient.

19. 54  6 20. 40  8 21. 18  3 22. 45  5 23. 72  9

24. 36  9 25. 63  7 26. 42  6 27. 21  7 28. 18  9

Error Search Find each sum or difference that is not correct.

Write it correctly and explain the error.
29. 183 30. 685 31. _25  _15  _15 32. _78  _38  _14
 127  289
310 404

Number Sense
Estimating and Reasoning Write true or false for each statement.
If it is false, explain why.
33. 3  10  300 34. 27  3  10

35. 90  8  100 36. _14  _24  1

37. _36  _26  1 38. _68  _38  1

Lesson 13-5 287

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 1. Stacy rode her bike _15 mile to her 4. Anna Lucia is knitting a scarf. The
grandmother’s house. Then she first week she finished _29 of it. The
rode _35 mile to her aunt’s house. How second week, she finished _49 of it.
far did Stacy ride? (13-1) In simplest form, what part did she
finish the first two weeks? (13-2)
1 1 1 1
6
5 5 5 5 A __
18
B _59
A _54 miles
C _29
B _45 mile
D _23
C _25 mile
4
D __
10
mile
5. Mrs. Blanca bought _34 pound of
sausage and _14 pound of bacon. In
2. Bethany bought _78 yard of ribbon. simplest form, how much more
She used _58 yard to decorate a sausage than bacon did Mrs. Blanca
costume. In simplest form, how much buy? (13-4)
ribbon does she have left? (13-3)
A 1 pound
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B _58 pound
8 8 8 8 8 8 8

C _12 pound
A _14 yard D _38 pound
B _13 yard
C _34 yard 5
6. Mason ate __12
of a pizza. Corbin
D _43 yards 1
__
ate 12 of the same pizza. In simplest
form, how much of the pizza did
they eat in all? (13-2)
7 4
3. What is __ ⫺ __? (13-4)
10 10 A _13
A _15 6
B __
24
3
B __
10 C _14
C _25
D _12
D _12

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 3 3
7. What is __ ⫹ __, in simplest
10 10
10. A package of modeling clay was
form? (13-1) divided into eighths. Estelle got
1
_
8
of the clay. David got _48 of the clay.
1 1 1 1 1 1
10 10 10 10 10 10 Eugene got _28 of the clay. How much
of the clay was left? (13-4)
1 1 1
5 5 5
A _78
6
A __ B _38
20
6
B __ C _14
10
C _35 D _18

D _45
11. Chelle bought _38 pound of ham and
1
_ pound of salami. Which picture
8. What is _17 ⫹ _37? (13-2) 8
models how much lunch meat
A _47 Chelle bought? (13-5)
B _27 A 3
__
8
4
C __
14
1
__ 1
__ 1
__
8 8 8
2
D __
14 B ?

3
__ 1
__
8 8
9. A weather reporter said that it
1
rained _34 of an inch on Tuesday
__
C 8

and _14 of an inch on Wednesday. 3

__
?
8
Which number sentence could
3
__
be used to find how much more D 8

it rained on Tuesday than on 1

__
?
8
Wednesday? (13-5)
A _34 ⫹ _14 ⫽ _44
B _14 ⫹ _34 ⫽ _48 or _12
C _34 ⫺ _14 ⫽ _24 or _12
D _34 ⫺ _14 ⫽ _20

Topic 13 Test Prep 289

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 Set A, pages 274–275

Find _16 ⫹ _36. Remember to write the sum in

simplest form.
1
Add. You may use fraction strips or
1 _
_ 3 4 draw a picture to help. Write the
1 1 1 1
⫹ ⫽_
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 sum in simplest form.
3 2
1. __ ⫹ __
Write the sum in simplest form. 10 10

1 1 1 1 1
1 10 10 10 10 10

1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 4 _ 2
_ ⫽
1 1 6 3 2. _14 ⫹ _14
3 3

1 1
So, _16 ⫹ _36 ⫽ _46 , or _23 . 4 4

3. _58 ⫹ _28

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Set B, pages 276–277

Find _29 ⫹ _49. Remember to use the same

denominator.
These fractions have the same denominator.
Add. Write the sum in
2 ⫹ _
_ 4 ⫽ _
6 Add the numerators.
9 9 9 Use the same denominator. simplest form.

Write the sum in simplest form. 1. _16 ⫹ _16 2. _28 ⫹ _48

6⫼3 _
____ 2 Divide the numerator and denominator
⫽ 3. _13 ⫹ _13 4
4. __ 6
⫹ __
9 ⫼ 3 3 by the same number. 16 16
6 _
_ 2
⫽
9 3 5
5. _27 ⫹ _17 6. __ 4
⫹ __
12 12
So, _29 ⫹ _49 ⫽ _69 , or _23 .
7. _25 ⫹ _25 8. _14 ⫹ _24
5 3 8 4
9. __ ⫹ __ 10. __ ⫹ __
10 10 13 13

11. _49 ⫹ _39 5

12. __ 4
⫹ __
11 11

290

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 Set C, pages 278–279

Find _68 ⫺ _28 . Remember to write the difference

in simplest form.
1
Subtract. You may use fraction strips
6 _
_ 2 4 or draw a picture to help. Write the
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
⫺ ⫽_
8 8 8 difference in simplest form.
1. _56 ⫺ _36
Write the difference in simplest form.

1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6

4 _
=1
1 1 1 1 _
8 8 8 8
8 2 8 2
2. __ ⫺ __
1 10 10
2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

So, _68 ⫺ _28 ⫽ _48 , or _12 . 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Set D, pages 280–282

9 5
Find __ ⫺ __.
10 10
Remember to subtract the
numerators only.
These fractions have the same denominator.
Subtract. Write the difference in
9 ⫺ __
__ 5 ⫽ __
4 Subtract the numerators. simplest form.
10 10 10 Use the same denominator.

4⫼2
_____ 2 1. _34 ⫺ _14 2. _45 ⫺ _25
⫽ _ Write the difference in simplest form.
10 ⫼ 2 5
9 5 4 2 3. _78 ⫺ _58 11 __
4. __ ⫺
3
So, __ ⫺ __ ⫽ __, or _.
10 10 10 5
12 12

Set E, pages 284–286

Ed has _13 of a granola bar left. Al has _23 of the Remember to draw a picture.
same size bar left. How much more does Al Solve. Draw a picture and write
have left than Ed? a number sentence.
1
__
Use a diagram to show what 3 Ed
you know. You are comparing 1. Ira had _34 of a sandwich.
2
__
amounts, so subtract. 3
Al
He gave _14 of the sandwich
2 _
_ 1 1 to Tom. He gave the rest to
⫺ ⫽_
3 3 3 June. What fraction of the
Al has _13 of a bar more than Ed. sandwich did he give to June?

Topic 13 Reteaching 291

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