ABBREVIATIONS FULL FORM

ABC Atanasoff Berry Computer

ACM Association for Computing Machine
ALGOL Algorithmic Language
ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit
AMD Advanced Micro Devices
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ARPRANET Advanced Research Project Agency Network
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
BASIC Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction
BCD Binary Coded Decimal
BIOS Basic Input Output System
BPI Bytes Per Inch
CAD Computer Aided Design
CAE Computer Aided Engineering
CAN Campus Area Network
CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering
CDC Control Data Corporation
CD-R CD-Recordable
CD-RW CD Read/Write
CL Command Language
CLI Command Line Interface
COBOL Common Business Oriented Language
CODASYL Conference On Data System
COMPUTER Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological and
Educational Research.
CPU Central Processing Unit
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
DAT Digital Audio Tape
DBS Demand Based Switching
DDL Data Definition Language
DDS Digital Data Storage
DEC Digital Equipment Corporation
DMA Direct Memory Access
DNA Digital Network Architecture
DPI Dots Per Inch
DRAM Dynamic RAM
DSN Distributed Systems Network
DTS Digital Theater System
DVD Digital Video/Versatile Disk
EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EDSAC Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Calculator
EFM Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
EPG Electronic Programming Guide
 EPIC Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
FAT File Allocation Table
FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing
FEP Front End Processor
FLOPS Floating Point Operations Per Second
FMS File Management System
FORTRAN Formula Transformation
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
GFLOPS Giga FLOPS
GNU Gnu Not Unix
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GSM Global System Mobile Communication
GUI Graphical User Interface
HP Hewlett Packard
HSS Hierarchical Storage System
IBM International Business Machine
IDN Integrated Digital Networks
IrDA Infrared Data Association
ISP Internet Service Provider
JPEG Joint Photography Experts Group
JRE Java Runtime Engine
JSP Java Server Page
LPM Line Per Minute
LSI Large Scale Integration
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MAR Memory Address Register
MBR Memory Buffer Register
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MNP Microcom Network Protocol
MPEG Moving Pictures Experts Group
MS-DOS Microsoft Disk Operating System
MVT Multiprogramming with Variable Tasks
NIC Network Interface Card
NICNET National Informatics Center Network
NOS Network Operating System
OMR Optical Mark Reader
OSI Open System Interconnection
OSS Open Source Software
PAN Personal Area Network
PDL Program Design Language
PDP Program Data Processor
PIP Peripheral Interchange Program
QoS Quality of Service
SDLC Software Development Life Cycle
SEQUEL Structured English Query Language
 SGML Syntax for Generalized Markup Language
SIMM Single In-Line Memory Module
SNA Systems Network Architecture
SNOBOL String Oriented and Symbolic Language
SQL Structured Query Language
SSI Small Scale Interchange
TCP Transport Control Protocol
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
UDP User Datagram Protocol
ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration
UPC Universal Product Code
UTF Unicode Transformation Format
VAN Value Added Network
VCR Video Cassette Recorder
VDT Video Display Terminal
VIRUS Vital Information Resources Under Seize
VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WLL Wireless Local Loop
XHTML eXtensible Hyper Text Markup Language
XML eXtensible Markup Language
X.400 Electronic Mail Protocol
X.500 Directory Server Protocol

INTERNET TERMINOLOGIES
Bandwidth Used to measure the amount of time it takes for a web page to fully load.
Measured in bits per second (bps).
Browser Software used to view information on the worldwide web.
Cache Stores the HTML web page’s code as well as any graphics, and multimedia
elements.
cc Copies of the same E-mail message to many different people. When you see “cc”,
the names of the other recipients are viewable to all those whom the email is sent.

CERN European particle physics laboratory. The developers of the World Wide Web.
Client A remote computer connected to a host or server. It also refers to the software
that makes this connection possible.
Domain Name The “address” or “URL” of a particular website. This is also how you describe the
name that is at the right of the @ sign in an Internet address.
FTP Standard by which data is transferred between different computers on a network.

Home Page The 1st web page displayed when visiting a website.
HTML The coding scheme used to format text for use on the World Wide Web.
HTTP The transmission standard used to send an HTML document across the WWW.
Hyperlink An image or text element on a web page that users select to display another
location on the page, another web page on the same website, or a web page on a
different website; also known as link.
IP Address A uniquely assigned numeric address for each computer connected to the Internet.
LAN A computer network located within a relatively limited area. A group of computers
connected for the purpose of sharing resources.
Network A collection (2 or more) of interconnected, individually controlled computers,
together with the hardware and software used to connect them.
Packets How information travels over a network.
Router Hardware or software that can connect a local network to the Internet. Routers
spend all their time looking at the destination address of the packets passing
through them and deciding which route to send them on.
Search Engine Designed to help user search for information on the WWW.
Server A host computer on a network.
TCP/IP A widely used network communication protocol on microcomputer, mini-
computer, and mainframe networks.
URL The standard used to identify files on the internet and WWW using type of server,
the host name the computer the files is on and the complete path to the file.

SOCIAL MEDIA APPS

Facebook (2004) Mark Zuckerberg, Andrew McCollum, Eduardo Saverin, Chris Hughes
Instagram (2010) Mike Krieger, Kevin Systrom.
LinkedIn (2003) Reid Hoffman, Konstantin Guericke, Jea-Luc Vaillant, Allen Blue.
Quora (2010) Adam D’Angelo, Charlie Cheever.
Reddit (2005) Steve Huffman, Alexis Ohanian, Aaron Swartz.
Signal (2018) Brian Acton, Moxie Marlinspike.
Skype (2003) Niklas Zennstrom, Janus Friis.
Snapchat (2011) Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, Reggie Brown.
Telegram (2013) Pavel Durov, Nikolai.
TikTok (2016) ByteDance
Twitter (2006) Jack Dorsey, Evan Williams, Noah Glass, Biz Stone.
WeChat (2011) Allen Zhang
WhatsApp (2009) Brian Acton, Jan Koum
YouTube (2005) Jawed Karim, Steve Chen, Chad Hurley.
Zoom (2011) Eric Yuan
 YouTube (14 February 2005) was launched on Valentine’s Day.
 Facebook (More than 2 Billion), most users on the Internet.
 Which Social Media was dead in 2019? Google+
 Google AdSense: Advertising Platform by Google for YouTube.
 In 2014, WhatsApp merged with Facebook.
 In 2012, Instagram merged with FB.
 COMPUTER TERMINOLOGIES
 Livewares: People who work with Computers.
 Blaise Pascal Invented the Mechanical Calculator known as Pascaline.
 Interface Manager (1983), the First Version of Windows.
 Longhorn, the Code Name for Windows Vista.
 What Type of Format is HTML? Document File Format.
 Intel 4004: The First Microprocessor.
 Intel is the world’s Largest Semiconductor Chip manufacturer. Intel’s processors are found in
most of the Personal Desktop Computers and Laptops.
 Which Programming Language was used by the First Generation Computers? Machine language.
 Which Programming Language was used by the Second Generation Computers? Assembly
language.
 UNIVAC: The First General-Purpose Electronic Computer.
 Which Programming Language is used by Apple Computers? Swift Language.
 The Father of Motherboard: Reed Ghazala.
 2 December: World Computer Literacy Day.
 The Computer Engineer who received Nobel Prize for literature in 2003: J.M. Coetzee.
 Three Types of Computer Bus
o Data Bus
o Control Bus
o Address Bus
 Father of Artificial Intelligence: John McCarthy.
 World’s First Successful Electronic Computer: Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer(ENIAC).
 Computer Worm: The Standalone Malware Computer Program that replicates itself to spread to
other Computers.
 4 Bits is One Nibble.
 Garbage: The Information in Memory which is no Longer Valid or Wanted.
 Program Library: Program which is Available for Computer Users as a part of the Software
Package.
 Bootstrap Loader: Loader which is Executed when a Computer System is First Turned On.
 Creeper System: Name of the First Computer Virus.
 Robust Program: Name of the Program that can Cope with Data Errors.
 Most Common Type of Storage Device is Magnetic Storage & Flash Memory.
 Christopher Latham Sholes designed the QWERTY Keyboard.
 Charles Babbage (The Father of Computers) invented:
o Difference Engine
o Pilot (Locomotive)
o Analytical Engine
 Pixel is Picture Element known in Short.
 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) used for sending Control Messages and Errors.
 FORTRAN, the First Compiler.
 Father of Coding: Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie.
 Microprocessor has CPU Inside Them and Microcontroller has a CPU in Addition.
 Modifiers in a Keyboard: Shift, Function, Control, Alt.
 Tagline of Google: Don’t Be Evil.
 Tagline of Microsoft: Be What’s Next.
 ARPANET mail: The first Email Service.
 The Code Name for Windows 10: Threshold and Redstone.
 World’s First Search Engine: Archie.
 Founder of Bluetooth: Jaap Haartsen (At Ericsson).
 Primary Memory (RAM, ROM) and Secondary Memory (Hard drive, CD, SSD).
 The ASCII Values for “A to Z” and “a to z”: 65 to 90 and 97 to 122.