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1N4148
CBOOST L1 VOUT
VIN 100 nF 22 µH
BOOST 5V @ 600 mA
6V to 30V SW
VIN 40V COUT
Schottky 2 x 10 µF
CIN Diode
2 x 10 µF EN 52.3 k
VFB
GND 10 k
Impedance (Ω)
voltage differentially, using a short wire wrapped on the
100
ground body’s scope probe (barrel), close to the tip’s
probe. 10
0.1
0.01
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Frequency (MHz)
Wire on GND
Barrel FIGURE 4: Variation of Impedance with
Capacitor Value in the Frequency Band for an
X7R Capacitor.
Using an RC Snubber
Using an RC Snubber to remove the high-frequency
Probe tip
noise is a well-known method. It requires a minimum of
mathematics to get a good estimation of the snubber’s
SMD Output
resistor and capacitor values, and some knowledge on
Capacitor
the parasitic values of the switching elements. High-
frequency ringing is generated by the parasitic
FIGURE 3: Correct Measurement of the elements of the converter’s power stage. Typically, this
ringing runs above hundreds of MHz and it repeats
Output Ripple/Noise Using an Oscilloscope
itself at each switching cycle (Figure 2).
Probe.
To determine the values of the Snubber circuit, follow
The test is done with an oscilloscope, properly the steps:
calibrated to avoid errors. To measure only the output
ripple, limit the bandwidth of the test channel to 1. The ringing frequency must be measured with a
20 MHz. To measure the output ripple plus high- high-band oscilloscope (see Figure 5) by zoom-
frequency noise, do not limit the band of the ing the spike area.
oscilloscope!
FIGURE 5: Buck Converter’s AC Output. Measurement of the Ringing Frequency on a Two Layers
12V/5V MCP16301 Buck Converter.
2. The parasitic value of the power components With the RSnubber established, the value of the
must be identified in the data sheet, measured Snubber’s capacitor results from Equation 3:
or estimated. One method is to take into account
the parasitic inductance of the rectifier Schottky EQUATION 3:
diode (Lp). With this value known, calculate the
impedance of the equivalent parasitic circuit at 1
CSnubber = --------------------------------------------------------------
resonant frequency as: 2 f ring R Snubber
EQUATION 1:
When choosing the RSnubber, keep the value as close
Z p = 2 f ring L p to Zp as possible to damp the high-frequency
oscillation. For example, the MBRA140T, which is a 1A
and 40V Schottky diode, has a parasitic inductance of
2 nH (data extracted from the device data sheet).
The Snubber resistors should be similar in magnitude
Measuring the ringing frequency as in Figure 4, the
as Zp to attenuate the noise.
fring = 250 MHz. The calculated Zp is approximately
3 Ohms. If the 4.7 Ohms value of the RSnubber is
EQUATION 2: selected (which is greater than Zp value), the Csnubber
is 120 pF. The power dissipation in the snubber resistor
Z p RSnubber is equal to Csnubber *V2*fswitching where V is
approximately equal to VIN.
D1
VIN = 12V
1N4148WS
J1
VOUT = 5V
R5 C1
1
82 0.1uF
VIN J2
1
L1
C2 C3 R1 6
GND BOOST
SW
1
R3
MCP16301
4.7
U1 D2
MBRA140T3G
R4
C7 10k
J3 120p J4
1
GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND
FIGURE 7: 12V/5V Low-Noise Buck Converter with RC Snubber (R3-C7) and RBOOST (R5).
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intended manner and under normal conditions.
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