THE EFFECT OF HYPNOTHERAPY ON DYSMENORRHEA PAIN

IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS

Dwi Putri Ramadhani¹, Dr. Noer Saudah, S.Kep.Ns.M.Kes² ,

Tri Peni S.Kep.Ns.M.Kes³
1)
S1 Nursing Student STIKes Bina Sehat PPNI Mojokerto
2)
Nursing Lecturer STIKes Bina Sehat PPNI Mojokerto
3)
Nursing Lecturer STIKes Bina Sehat PPNI Mojokerto
Email: dwiputri077@gmail.com

ABSTRAK

There are still many teenagers who do not understand how to handle dysmenorrhea pain,
therefore it is necessary to emphasize to introduce teenagers about the management of
dysmenorrhea pain both pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. In non-pharmacological
simple treatment can be done alone such as therapy and others, various types of non-
pharmacological therapy, namely warm compresses, massage, gymnastics and hypnotherapy. This
study aimed to determine the effect of hypnotherapy on dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls.
The research design used a literature review. Data collection procedure used organizing,
synthesizing, identifying, and formulating. The journals studied were 10 journals taken from the
Garuda Portal, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Pubmed using the keywords "hipnoterapi" and
"nyeri" and "dismenore" for national journals and "hypnotherapy" and "menstrual pain" for
international journals. The time span used was journals published in 2017-2021. The results of a
journal review suggested that most of the pain scales before hypnotherapy were moderate to
severe, and after hypnotherapy the pain scale decreased to moderate to no pain. The conclusion
that could be drawn was that there was an effect of hypnotherapy on dysmenorrhea pain in
adolescent girls. Hypnotherapy affects the work of the cerebral cortex so as to produce positive
perceptions and relaxation, indirectly helping the balance of body homeostasis through the HPA
Axis, to produce Coticitropin Releasing Factor (CRF). Furthermore, CRF stimulates the pituitary
gland to decrease ACTH production so that the production of endorphins increases which then
decreases the production of cortisol and other stress hormones so that pain decreases and the body
will relax.

Keywords: hypnotherapy, pain, dysmenorrhea, adolescent girls

 ABSTRACT

The Effect of Hypnotherapy on Dysmenorrhea Pain in Adolescent Girls (Literature

Review)

There are still many teenagers who do not understand how to handle dysmenorrhea pain,
therefore it is necessary to emphasize to introduce teenagers about the management of
dysmenorrhea pain both pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. In non-pharmacological
simple treatment can be done alone such as therapy and others, various types of non-
pharmacological therapy, namely warm compresses, massage, gymnastics and hypnotherapy. This
study aimed to determine the effect of hypnotherapy on dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls.
The research design used a literature review. Data collection procedure used organizing,
synthesizing, identifying, and formulating. The journals studied were 10 journals taken from the
Garuda Portal, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Pubmed using the keywords "hipnoterapi" and
"nyeri" and "dismenore" for national journals and "hypnotherapy" and "menstrual pain" for
international journals. The time span used was journals published in 2017-2021. The results of a
journal review suggested that most of the pain scales before hypnotherapy were moderate to
severe, and after hypnotherapy the pain scale decreased to moderate to no pain. The conclusion
that could be drawn was that there was an effect of hypnotherapy on dysmenorrhea pain in
adolescent girls. Hypnotherapy affects the work of the cerebral cortex so as to produce positive
perceptions and relaxation, indirectly helping the balance of body homeostasis through the HPA
Axis, to produce Coticitropin Releasing Factor (CRF). Furthermore, CRF stimulates the pituitary
gland to decrease ACTH production so that the production of endorphins increases which then
decreases the production of cortisol and other stress hormones so that pain decreases and the body
will relax.

Keywords: hypnotherapy, pain, dysmenorrhea, adolescent girls

PRELIMINARY secondary dysmenorrhea, primary
Adolescence is a period of transition dysmenorrhea is pain in the lower abdomen
from children to adults in this period of during menstruation without any other
hormonal, physical, psychological, and social disease, while secondary dysmenorrhea is
changes, this condition is called puberty. One lower abdominal pain with pain that is long
of the signs of puberty in adolescent girls is enough accompanied by certain disease
menstruation, female adolescent disorders such as endometriosis, tumors and
reproductive health is currently still a others. It should be noted that dysmenorrhea
problem that needs attention. soft voice, is not a trivial symptom, dysmenorrhea needs
enlarged breasts, enlargement of the hip area to be handled so that it does not get worse,
and menarche. Menarche, the occurrence of there are two ways to treat dysmenorrhea,
menstruation for the first time experienced by namely pharmacological and non-
a woman, is usually accompanied by cramps, pharmacological, pharmacologically can be
pain and discomfort associated with done by giving drugs while non-
menstruation, called dysmenorrhea. In pharmacologically it is done with warm
women who experience dysmenorrhea, compresses, massage and hypnotherapy
various cramping symptoms appear, both in (Haerani., 2020)
the form of discomfort and suffering from Data from the WHO in 2017 showed
pain that is able to stop daily activities an incidence of 1,769,425 people (90%) of
(Martina et al., 2019). women who experienced dysmenorrhea 10-
Dysmenorrhea is pain during 15% of whom experienced severe
menstruation that causes cramps and pain in dysmenorrhea. The incidence of menstrual
the lower abdomen, dysmenorrhea is divided pain in the world is very large, on average
into two primary dysmenorrhea and
more than 50% of women in every country showed that there were 65 respondents

experience dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea (90.3%) of young women who experienced

occurs in adolescents with a prevalence dysmenorrhea, as many as 7 respondents

ranging from 43% to 93% and about 74-80% (85.1%) of young women who did not

of adolescents experience mild experience dysmenorrhea. The results

dysmenorrhea. In Indonesia the incidence of showed that the incidence of dysmenorrhea in

primary dysmenorrhea is 54.89% while the adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 8 Kendari

rest are sufferers of the secondary type of was very high because the incidence of

dysmenorrhea causing 14% of adolescent dysmenorrhea was more (Nurwana et al.,

patients to often not attend school and do not 2017).

carry out daily activities (First, 2019). Dysmenorrhea is caused by natural

According to Nurwana et al's chemicals produced by the cells lining the

research, the data obtained from 66 uterine wall called prostaglandins.

respondents showed that 36 young women Prostaglandins will stimulate the smooth

who had less knowledge with less muscles of the uterine wall to contract. The

dysmenorrhea handling behavior were 31 higher levels of prostaglandins, the

people, 5 people were enough, and neither contractions will be stronger so that the pain

was there, from 20 young women who had increases so that women who experience

sufficient knowledge with handling behavior. dysmenorrhea produce 10 times more

dysmenorrhea less than 2 people, enough 17 prostaglandins than women who do not have

people and good as much as 1 person. The dysmenorrhea. On the first day of

study was also conducted on 72 young menstruation, prostaglandin levels are very

women at SMA Negeri 8 Kendari. The results high on the second day and then the lining of
the uterine wall begins to detach so that giving analgesics, hormonal therapy and

prostaglandin levels will decrease, pain will drugs. Non-pharmacologically, warm

decrease along with decreased levels of compresses, massage, physical exercise,

prostaglandins. Other causes of sleep, distraction hypnotherapy such as

dysmenorrhea are experienced by women listening to music and relaxation such as

with certain disorders such as endometriosis, gymnastics, yoga and deep breathing can be

pelvic infections (pelvic area), uterine done (Aprilyadi et al., 2018b).

tumors, disorders of the digestive organs, and Researchers used hypnotherapy solutions as

even kidney disorders (Ediningtyas Nadira, a treatment for dysmenorrhea pain with mind

2017). hypnotherapy as a non-pharmacological

Handling dysmenorrhea is very treatment. There are many non-

important, especially at the age of teenagers, formacological treatments, researchers want

if not treated, it will affect the daily activities to know whether hypnotherapy is also

of many young women who do not know how effective for treating dysmenorrhea pain.

to handle dysmenorrhea, causing problems Some of the factors that cause dysmenorrhea,

for teenagers every menstruation. One way to one of which is psychological, in fact

reduce pain is adequate rest, regular exercise, hypnotherapy studies the benefits of

massage on the painful area, warm suggestion to overcome some problems of

compresses or adjust the position as thoughts, feelings and behavior.

comfortable as possible. Handling Hypnotherapy pain management is useful for

dysmenorrhea can be done in two ways, eliminating pain or negative emotions that

namely pharmacological and non- exist in the subconscious mind. The

pharmacological. Pharmacologically, it is by subconscious mind can only be reached by

means of hypnosis or hypnotherapy.

Empirical explanation of the body consists of RESEARCH METHODS

vital organs that move and function directly In this study using a Literature Study

driven by the nerves in the body, the nerve or Literature Review, the data source in this

control center is in the brain, more study the researchers used 10 journals

specifically the subconscious mind. The including 5 national journals, 5 international

subconscious mind controls the work of these journals and also used 3 books about the

vital organs directly by using suggestions to effect of hypnotherapy on dysmenorrhea pain

reach the subconscious, so we are able to in adolescent girls. Data collection in the

improve the entire performance of the organs study was carried out by taking from several

in our body (Syaripudin, 2018). journals and books that examined

hypnotherapy for dysmenorrhea pain

published on the internet using Google

Scholar, Scien direct, Scihub, Scrib.

RESEARCH RESULT

Tabel 4.1 Ringkasan dari literature tentang pengaruh hipnoterapi terhadap nyeri dismenore
pada remaja putri

No Author/Journal Goal Research Method Outcome Resource

1. The effectiveness To determine Design: Pre- The results of the study Google
of hypnotherapy the effect of experimental design were obtained from scholar
on reducing hypnotherap with a quasi- univariate analysis that
dysmenorrhea y on experimental one the majority of students
pain in high dysmenorrhe group pre and post who experienced a
school students a pain in high test without control decrease in the intensity
(Aprilyadi, 2018) school Instrument: Visual of dysmenorrhea pain
students analogue scale were aged 16-17 years.
(VAS) pain Results of pre and post
assessment Hypnotherapy: At the
questionnaire with time of pre-hypnotherapy
Numeric rating severe pain was 2
scale (NRS). (11.8%), moderate pain
Population : High was 13 people (76.5%),
school students mild pain was 2 people
Sample : 17 (11.8%).
respondents of high Post hypnotherapy severe
school students pain was 0 people (0%),
Data analysis: moderate pain was 1
mean difference test person (5.9%), mild pain
paired t test was 16 people (94.1%).
The results of the analysis
showed that the
difference in the mean
between pre and post on
the first day was 0.5,
while the difference
between the mean pre and
post on the second day
was 0.28.
The results of statistical
tests with different mean
 paired t test results
obtained both p value
0.000.
2. Differences in
To identify Design : Quasi The results of statistical Google
the effectiveness
differences in Experiment with tests using the Wilcoxon scholar
of progressive
the Non-equivalent test obtained p value of
muscle effectiveness Control Group 0.002, so it can be
relaxation and
of design. concluded that there is a
hypnotherapy onprogressive Instrument: significant difference in
primary muscle Numeric Rating the intensity of pain pre
dysmenorrhea inrelaxation Scale (NRS) and post hypnotherapy.
adolescents and questionnaire Statistical test results
hypnotherap Population : using Mann-Whitney.
(Fitriani & y on reducing Teenage girls The results of pre-
Achmad, 2017) primary Sample : 26 female hypnotherapy for
dysmenorrhe adolescent dysmenorrhea pain were
al scales in respondents 3.00 in the mild pain
adolescents Data analysis : category, post-
Tendency central hypnotherapy decreased
(median). to 0 in the no-pain
category.
3. Spiritual To analyze Design: The results of data Google
effectiveness of the spiritual quantitative pre- analysis using the Scholar
hypnotherapy to effectiveness experimental with Wilcoxon signed rank test
reduce of cross sectional showed p value = 0.000 <
dysmenorrhea hypnotherap approach 0.005 so that it can be
pain in y on reducing Instrument: Visual concluded that there is
midwifery dysmenorrhe analogue scale spiritual effectiveness of
students a pain (VAS) pain hypnotherapy on
(Pratiwi & assessment reducing dysmenorrhea
Hasanah, 2020) questionnaire pain and negative rank
Population: results or the difference
Midwifery students between the results before
Sample : 30 and after spiritual
respondents hypnosis therapy is 23,
Data analysis : this value 23 indicates the
Wilcoxon signed existence of decrease the
rank test level of dysmenorrhea
pain before and after
therapy.
4. The effect of Knowing the Design: pre- The results of univariate Google
hypnotherapy on effect of experimental with analysis showed that the Scholar
primary hypnotherap one group pre-test average pre-
dysmenorrhea in y on primary post-test design hypnotherapy
junior high dysmenorrhe Instrument: VDS dysmenorrhea scale was
school students a pain scale 6.50 and the overall pain
(Fitriani & questionnaire scale was between 5.75-
Sidabutar, 2019) Population: all 7.25.
teenage girls in Post hypotherapy results
junior high school obtained an average of
as many as 17 1.35 dysmenorrhea scale.
people The results of the
Sample: 20 bivariate analysis using
respondents who the t-
experienced Dependent/parametric
primary test showed that the
dysmenorrhea results of students who
Data analysis : experienced
Univariate analysis dysmenorrhea before
and bivariate being given hypnotherapy
analysis on average had a higher
pain level than after
hypnotherapy. Statistical
test results show p value <
0.05, i.e. 0.001
5. Self hypnosis has Knowing the Design: The results of the Google
an effect on effect of self quantitative with univariate pre- Scholar
reducing the hypnosis on one group pretest hypnotherapy study
level of reducing post test design showed the level of
dysmenorrhea dysmenorrhe Instruments: using menstrual pain on a scale
pain in a pain levels Numerical rating of 5 with a total of 54
adolescent girls scale (NRS) people (37%). Post
at SMKN 2 Population: all hypnotherapy showed
Sumedang SMK students results 3 times with
Sample : 114 hypnosis, some
(Insani & Susan, respondents respondents experienced
2020) Data analysis : a decrease in pain scale in
Univariate and the first month as many as
bivariate analysis 47 people (32.6%), in the
second month 55 people
 (38.2%), in the third
month 66 people (45.8%)
. The results of the
bivariate analysis using
the t-test are known to
have value < (p value =
0.000) so it can be
concluded that there is an
effect between self
hypnosis and a decrease
in dysmenorrhea pain.
6. Pain reliever in Comparing Design: The results showed that CHRISM
dysmenorrhea anti- randomized the average pre- ED
exploring inflammatory controlled trial hypnotherapy pain scale
hypnosis as an drugs Instrument: was 5.96, post-
alternative (NASD) with questionnaire using hypnotherapy had an
therapy hypnotherap Visual analog scale average pain scale of 4.8.
(Shah, 2021) y which is the (VAS) In the hypnosis group, it
most Population: all was found that compared
effective nursing students to baseline (without
Sample : 50 treatment) there was a
respondents statistically significant
Data analysis : reduction in pain found in
MedCalc software all six menstrual cycles
With the Mann- and all results p value
Whitney statistical <0.005, i.e. 0.001
test and the
Wilcoxon Signed
Rank Test
7. The effect of Knowing the Design : Pre The results of the pre- Google
hypnotherapy to effect of experimental with hypnotherapy analysis
reduce hypnotherap design search showed a high level of Scholar
dysmenorrhea y on Instrument: pain with a value of 6.5.
pain dysmenorrhe questionnaire with After post hypnotherapy
(Amelia, 2020) a in high measuring the average
school instrument Verbal dysmenorrhea scale is
students descriptor scale 1.35
(VDS) The results of statistical
tests using paired t-test
showed p value <0.05, i.e.
 Population: all 0.001 there was an effect
high school students of hypnotherapy to reduce
as many as 117 dysmenorrhea pain.
Sample : 20
respondents
Data analysis :
Univariate and
bivariate analysis
using dependent t
test.
8. The Effect Of To determine Design : quasi The results of the pre- PubMed
Hypnotherapy the effect of experimental hypnotherapy study
On Primary hypnotherap Instrument : obtained a median value
Dismenore In y on primary Numeric Rating of 3±1.4 with the category
Adolescents dysmenorrhe Scale of moderate to mild pain
(Effect of a in Population: class X The results of post-
Hypnotherapy on adolescents SMA Negeri hypnotherapy obtained a
Primary Cimahi median value of 0±1.09
Dysmenorrhea in Sample : 91 people with the category of mild
Adolescents)(Fit sample pain - no pain.
riani & A, 2018) Data analysis : The results of statistical
Univariate and tests showed that the p
bivariate analysis value of 0.002 had the
using median effect of hypnotherapy on
dysmenorrhea.
9. The Relationship Knowing Design: quasy The results showed that Google
of Hypnotherapy the experimental with before/pre-hypnotherapy Scholar
Techniques to relationship pretest-post one the category of moderate
Decrease between to severe pain was 35.3%.
group design
Menstrual Pain hypnotherap After/post hypnotherapy,
Levels in Young y techniques Instrument: NRS the category of mild pain
Women at Pelita and observation sheet scale is 39.5%.
Alikhsan High depression Population: all There is a relationship
School the level of young women at between hypnotherapy
Ujung Jaya menstrual SMK Pelita techniques to reduce
District, pain in Al-Ikhsan, Ujung menstrual pain.
Sumedang The results of statistical
adolescent Jaya District
Regency in tests showed a p value of
girls Sumedang Regency
2015(Susan & 0.000, there was a
in 2015
Yuliani, 2019) significant relationship
51 with 119 people
between hypnotherapy
 Sample : 119 techniques and the level
respondents taken of menstrual pain.
by total sampling
Data analysis :
Univariate and
bivariate analysis.
10. The effect of Knowing the Design: pre- The results showed the REAL in
self-hypnosis effect of self- experimental design results before / pre Nursing
education on hypnosis method with a one- hypnotherapy obtained Journal
reducing the education on group pretest-post- severe pain scale category
intensity of reducing the test design approach (60.4%). After/post
dysmenorrhea intensity of Instrument: hypnotherapy shows the
pain in SMA dysmenorrhe observation sheet results of the pain scale
PGRI 2 Sampit a pain in Population : 53 with the category of mild
(Rahman, 2019) SMA PGRI 2 teenagers in class X pain (47%). There is a
Sampit and XI difference in pain scale
Sample: 53 people before and after
taken by total hypnotherapy.
sampling The results of statistical
Data analysis : tests using the Wilcoxon
Bivariate analysis signed rank test showed p
and Wilcoxon value of 0.002 < 0.005.
signed rank test There is an effect of self-
hypnosis education on
decreasing the intensity of
dysmenorrhea pain.

Based on the analysis of 10 journals, namely 5 Indonesian journals and 5 international

journals, the effect of hypnotherapy on dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls, several factors that

affect dysmenorrhea pain are age of menarche, length of menstruation and menstrual cycle. The

results of the analysis of the 10 journals found that the most statistical results were the p value of

0.000 less than 0.05, which means that there is a significant difference in the average

dysmenorrheal pain scale before and after hypnotherapy, so based on this, hypnotherapy has an

influence in reducing the dysmenorrhea pain scale.

Table 4.2 Dysmenorrhea pain before hypnotherapy is given
No Author/Journal Majority Results %
1. The effectiveness of hypnotherapy Moderate Pain 76,5%
on reducing dysmenorrhea pain in
high school students
(Aprilyadi, 2018)
2. Differences in the effectiveness of Moderate Pain - Median
progressive muscle relaxation and Mild 3±1,4
hypnotherapy on primary
dysmenorrhea in adolescents
(Fitriani & Achmad, 2017)
3. Spiritual effectiveness of Moderate Pain 53,3%
hypnotherapy to reduce
dysmenorrhea pain in midwifery
students
(Pratiwi & Hasanah, 2020)
4. The effect of hypnotherapy on Severe Pain Median
primary dysmenorrhea in junior 6,5±1,6
high school students
(Fitriani & Sidabutar, 2019)
5. Self hypnosis has an effect on Moderate Pain 100%
reducing the level of dysmenorrhea
pain in adolescent girls at SMKN 2
Sumedang
(Insani & Susan, 2020)
6. Pain reliever in dysmenorrhea Moderate - Severe median
exploring hypnosis as an alternative Pain 5,96±2,
38
therapy
(Shah, 2021)
7. The effect of hypnotherapy to Severe Pain median
reduce dysmenorrhea pain 6,5±1,6
(Amelia, 2020)
8. The Effect Of Hypnotherapy On Moderate Pain - Median
Primary Dismenore In Adolescents Mild 3±1,4
(Effect of Hypnotherapy on Primary
Dysmenorrhea in Adolescents)
(Fitriani & A, 2018)
9. The Relationship of Hypnotherapy Severe Pain 35,3%
Techniques to Decrease
Menstrual Pain Levels in Young
Women at Pelita Alikhsan High
School
 Ujung Jaya District, Sumedang
Regency in 2015(Susan & Yuliani,
2019)
10. The effect of self-hypnosis Severe Pain 60,4%
education on reducing the intensity
of dysmenorrhea pain in SMA
PGRI 2 Sampit (Rahman, 2019)

The results of the journal review showed that of the 10 journals reviewed there were 6

journals (60%) whose research results obtained pain before being given hypnotherapy was

moderate pain, namely (Aprilyadi, 2018) which was 76.5%, (Fitriani & Achmad, 2017) namely

the median score 3±1.4, (Pratiwi & Hasanah, 2020) which is 53.3%, (Insani & Susan, 2020) which

is 100%, (Shah, 2021) which is the median score of 5.96±2.38, (Fitriani & A , 2018) with a median

score of 3±1.4, while 4 journals (40%) produced severe pain before being given hypnotherapy,

namely research (Fitriani & Sidabutar, 2019) with a median score of 6.5±1.6, (Amelia, 2020)

namely the median score of 6.5±1.6, (Susan & Yuliani, 2019) which is 35.3% and (Rahman, 2019)

which is 60.4%.

Table 4 3 Dysmenorrhea pain after being given hypnotherapy

No Author/Journal Majority Results %

1. The effectiveness of hypnotherapy Mild Pain 94,1%
on reducing dysmenorrhea pain in
high school students
(Aprilyadi, 2018)
2. Differences in the effectiveness of No Pain - Mild median
progressive muscle relaxation and Pain 0±
hypnotherapy on primary 1,09
dysmenorrhea in adolescents
(Fitriani & Achmad, 2017)
3. Spiritual effectiveness of Moderate Pain 50%
hypnotherapy to reduce
dysmenorrhea pain in midwifery
students
(Pratiwi & Hasanah, 2020)
 4. The effect of hypnotherapy on Mild Pain median
primary dysmenorrhea in junior 1,35 ±
high school students 1,04
(Fitriani & Sidabutar, 2019)
5. Self hypnosis has an effect on Mild Pain 69,4%
reducing the level of dysmenorrhea
pain in adolescent girls at SMKN 2
Sumedang
(Insani & Susan, 2020)
6. Pain reliever in dysmenorrhea Moderate Pain median
exploring hypnosis as an alternative 4,8 ±
therapy 2,0
(Shah, 2021)
7. The effect of hypnotherapy to Mild Pain median
reduce dysmenorrhea pain 1,35 ±
(Amelia, 2020) 1,04
8. The Effect Of Hypnotherapy On No Pain - Mild median
Primary Dismenore In Adolescents Pain 0±
(Effect of Hypnotherapy on Primary 1,09
Dysmenorrhea in Adolescents)
(Fitriani & A, 2018)
9. The Relationship of Hypnotherapy Mild Pain 39,5%
Techniques to Decrease
Menstrual Pain Levels in Young
Women at Pelita Alikhsan High
School
Ujung Jaya District, Sumedang
Regency in 2015(Susan & Yuliani,
2019)
10. The effect of self-hypnosis Mild Pain 47%
education on reducing the intensity
of dysmenorrhea pain in SMA
PGRI 2 Sampit (Rahman, 2019)

The results of a journal review showed that there were mild pain after being given

hypnotherapy in 8 journals, namely the results of the study (Aprilyadi, 2018) which was 94.1%,

(Fitriani & Achmad, 2017) which was the median 0 ± 1.09, (Insani & Susan, 2020) i.e. 69.4%,

(Fitriani & A, 2018) i.e. median 0 ± 1.09, (Fitriani & Sidabutar, 2019) i.e. median 1.35 ± 1.04,

(Amelia, 2020) i.e. median 1.35 ± 1 ,04, and (Rahman, 2019) which is 47%, and (Susan & Yuliani,
2019) which is 39.5%, while 2 journals (20%) produce moderate pain after being given

hypnotherapy, namely research (Shah, 2021) which is a median of 4 .8 ± 2.0 and (Pratiwi &

Hasanah, 2020) which is 50%.

Table 4 4 Effect of Hypnotherapy on Dysmenorrhea Pain

Author/Journal pvalue
The effectiveness of hypnotherapy on reducing 0,000
dysmenorrhea pain in high school students
(Aprilyadi, 2018)
Differences in the effectiveness of progressive 0,002
muscle relaxation and hypnotherapy on primary
dysmenorrhea in adolescents (Fitriani & Achmad,
2017)
Spiritual effectiveness of hypnotherapy to reduce 0,000
dysmenorrhea pain in midwifery students (Pratiwi
& Hasanah, 2020)
The effect of hypnotherapy on primary 0,001
dysmenorrhea in junior high school students
(Fitriani & Sidabutar, 2019)
Self hypnosis has an effect on reducing the level of 0,000
dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls at SMKN 2
Sumedang (Insani & Susan, 2020)
Pain reliever in dysmenorrhea exploring hypnosis 0,001
as an alternative therapy (Shah, 2021)
The effect of hypnotherapy to reduce 0,001
dysmenorrhea pain (Amelia, 2020)
The Effect Of Hypnotherapy On Primary 0,002
Dysmenorrhea In Adolescents (Fitriani & A, 2018)
The Combination of Self Hypnosis and Yoga 0,000
Exercises Against Pain and Anxiety Levels During
Menstruation (Lestari & Putri, 2018)
The effect of self-hypnosis education on reducing 0,002
the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain in SMA PGRI 2
Sampit (Rahman, 2019)

The results of a journal review show that all studies have p value < 0.05, so

hypnotherapy has a significant effect on dysmenorrhea pain.

DISCUSSION
Pain Scale Before Giving Hypnotherapy
The results of the journal review showed that
of the 10 journals reviewed there were 7
journals (70%) whose research results
obtained pain before being given
hypnotherapy was moderate pain (Aprilyadi,
2018) which was 76.5%, (Fitriani & Achmad,
2017) namely the median score 3±1.4,
(Pratiwi & Hasanah, 2020) which is 53.3%,
(Insani & Susan, 2020) which is 100%,
(Shah, 2021) which is the median score of
5.96±2.38, (Fitriani & A , 2018) with a
median score of 3±1.4, (Lestari & Putri,
2018), while 3 journals (30%) produced
severe pain before being given hypnotherapy,
namely research (Fitriani & Sidabutar, 2019)
with a median score of 6.5±1 ,6, (Amelia,
2020) which is the median score of 6.5±1.6,
and (Rahman, 2019) which is 60.4%.
Based on these data, dysmenorrhea pain can
increase because of the supporting factors
that occur in each individual, the more
supporting factors that occur, the more it can
affect the increase in the dysmenorrhea pain
scale. These tremendous physical changes
sometimes cannot be balanced with good
mental development due to a lack of
understanding about puberty so that they
cannot accept these changes so that they
stimulate the brain to command the
production of prostaglandins, causing pain.
Respondents can express their pain by
hissing, grinning, but can still show the
location of the pain, can describe it, and can
follow orders well because the experience of
pain they feel has often been felt and will
disappear by itself along with menstruation,
therefore, their pain is limited to moderate
pain.
Pain Scale After Giving Hypnotherapy that does not cause side effects. The direct

The results of a journal review effect of hypnotherapy, usually respondents

showed that there were mild pain after being will look more relaxed, relaxed and calm and

given hypnotherapy in 8 journals, namely the some even fall asleep in this session. While

results of the study (Aprilyadi, 2018) which in this state, the respondent's attention to pain

was 94.1%, (Fitriani & Achmad, 2017) which is diverted, so that the pain is reduced. There

was the median 0 ± 1.09, (Insani & Susan, is no effect whatsoever in this session. In fact,

2020) i.e. 69.4%, (Fitriani & A, 2018) i.e. it is not uncommon for respondents to feel

median 0 ± 1.09, (Fitriani & Sidabutar, 2019) comfortable, happy and relaxed after

i.e. median 1.35 ± 1.04, (Amelia, 2020) i.e. hypnotherapy is done. Often someone who is

median 1.35 ± 1 ,04, and (Rahman, 2019) experienced with pain he has ever felt, the

which is 47%, and (Susan & Yuliani, 2019) more afraid that person will be that

which is 39.5%, while 2 journals (20%) something bad will happen to him caused by

produce moderate pain after being given pain. Therefore the person has a high desire

hypnotherapy, namely research (Shah, 2021) to relieve pain before the pain gets worse

which is a median of 4 .8 ± 2.0 and (Pratiwi

Effect of Hypnotherapy on Dysmenorrhea
& Hasanah, 2020) which is 50%.
Pain

Based on these data, it shows that The results of a journal review showed that

there is a decrease in the pain scale after pain before being given hypnotherapy was

hypnotherapy because negative thoughts between moderate to severe pain, and after

change to positive thoughts so that pain can being given hypnotherapy between moderate

be transferred or eliminated. Hypnotherapy is to no pain. All studies obtained p value <0.05,

safe to use as a non-pharmacological therapy

so that hypnotherapy has a significant effect KESIMPULAN

on dysmenorrhea pain.
1. Most of the pain scales before
Hypnotherapy in pain management non-
hypnotherapy were at the moderate to severe
pharmacological methods to control pain can
scale
be divided into two groups of therapy and
2. After hypnotherapy, the level of pain scale
physical modalities and cognitive-behavioral
dropped to moderate pain to no pain.
strategies. Hypnotherapy is a cognitive

behavioral strategy that is useful in changing 3. Based on the results of the existing

the patient's perception of pain, and giving literature, it can be concluded that the results

patients a calm feeling to control pain, the are that there is an effect of hypnotherapy on

strategies include relaxation, imagery, dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls, as

hypnosis, and biofeedback. Based on these evidenced by a decrease in the pain scale

data and theories, it shows that hypnotherapy before and after hypnotherapy, which was

is useful in changing one's perception of pain, initially in severe to moderate pain, after

for people who experience dysmenorrhea hypnotherapy it dropped to moderate until it

pain using hypnotherapy is also effective doesn't hurt.

because the pain that arises can be reduced in SARAN

several ways involving disturbing negative 1. For Young Women

emotions, emotions are usually in the It is expected that young women will use non-

subconscious mind. which can only be pharmacological hypnotherapy techniques

achieved with hypnotherapy. when experiencing dysmenorrhea, because

from this study hypnotherapy is one of the

non-pharmacological therapies that is also

effective for reducing the pain scale during

menstruation or dysmenorrhea. hypnotherapy
therapy.
2. For Health Workers
It is recommended for nurses or medical
personnel to explore the management of
dysmenorrhea pain in a non-pharmacological
way, one of which can do hypnotherapy
training.
3. For Further Researchers
For further researchers, it is expected to
conduct research with different methods, not
only in terms of hypnotherapy, it can be
compared with other non-pharmacological
treatments that can be done by adolescents.
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