MX1 Social Studies

Contemporary Issues
-refers to an event, idea, opinion, topic, or problem that is relevant and in public discourse in our
community, our nation, or the world at present.
-Contemporary issues greatly affect all humanity.

SOME BENEFITS OF STUDYING CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

- It helps us become part of the global village.
-It leads us to build informed opinions.
- It stimulates discussion.
-It helps us establish more personal relationships.
-It helps us learn about cultural relativism.

Contemporary
-The word contemporary is from the Latin word relevance to present time.
-came from the Latin word “contemporarius” com which means “with” and temporarius which means
“of time”

Political Issues Economic Issues Social Issues Health Issues Environment

Issues
Civil War Child Labor Discrimination Drug Addiction Global
Warming
Terrorism Unemployment Ethnic Cleaning AIDS Recycling
Graft & Corruption Migration Bullying Abortion Chemical
Wastes
Political Dynasty Globalization Multiculturalism Reproductive Climate
Health Change
Chemical Weapons Poverty Hazing Birth Control Weapons of
mass
destruction
Death Penalty Homelessness Racism Malnutrition Illegal Logging
Vigilantism World Hunger Prostitution GMO Illegal Mining
Overpopulation Union Busting Teenage Pregnancy Pandemics
Human Rights Right to Work Same-sex Marriage Genetic
Engineering

Primary Sources
-Are original documents, of an event, written by someone who experienced or witnessed the event in
question.
-Fossils and Artifacts
-Are often diaries, letters, memoirs, journals, speeches, manuscripts, or interviews.
-Can also be photographs, audio or video recordings, research reports or other original literary or
theatrical work.
Secondary Sources
-These sources interpret primary sources.
-Can be described as at least one step removed from the event or phenomenon under review.
-The are usually in the form of published works such as journal articles or books, radio or television
documentaries, conference proceedings.

Weather
-is the state of wind, rain, and temperature in the atmosphere at any given time and place. It pertains to
whether it is hold or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy.

Climate
-is the weather condition prevailing in an area in a given period of time.
-it is affected by human activities, primarily due to the emission of greenhouse gases and burning of
fossil fuel which releases harmful gases into the atmosphere

Landforms
-A landform is a natural feature of the Earth’s Surface.
-Mountains are the highest landforms on the surface of the earth. The highest point is referred to as the
peak.
-Hills are lower than mountain but are higher than their surroundings areas, they are covered in grass.
-Valleys are low-lying areas between two mountains or hills, formed when rivers flow down from
mountains and hillsides.
-Plateau is a flat-topped highland with steep sides.
-Plains are areas of flat land which usually meet the oceans or seas.
-Island is a landform which is surrounded by water from all sides and formed either due to volcanic
eruptions or due to hot spots.

Four Types of Mountain

A. Volcanic- formed when molten rock or magma deep within the earth erupts and piles upon the
surface.
B. Fold- The most common type of mountain, are formed when the Earth’s tectonic plates collide head
on.
C. Fault-Block - created when faults or cracks in the Earth’s crust force materials upward.
D. Dome- created when a large amount of magma pushes up from below the Earth’s crust, but never
really reaches the surface erupts.

Waterforms
-Water is the natural resource that people take for granted the most. It also gives us a means of travel
and carrying goods.
-Ocean is the biggest body of water that contains saltwater and some of its parts are very deep which
allow large ships to travel between continents.
-Sea is a body of water smaller than the ocean. Aquatic resources lives in the sea.
-Bay is a body of water that is almost completely surrounded by land except for the water passage
connecting it to the sea.
-Lake is a body of water surrounded by land. It contains fresh water and is good for fishing, boating, and
swimming.
-River is a body of water formed when waters moves from mountains, to the seas and oceans.
-The three largest rivers in the country are the Cagayan River in Northern Luzon, the Rio Grande de
Mindanao, and the Agusan River, also in Mindanao.
-Most popular among tourist is the famous underground river in Palawan.
-The most famous is the heart-shaped Laguna de Bay. Other famous lakes are Taal in Batangas,
Sampaloc in Laguna, Buhi and Bulusan in Bicol, Naujan in Mindoro Oriental, and Lanao and Mainit in
Mindanao.
-The biggest is waterfalls is the Maria Cristina falls, it can be found in the North Western part of Lanao
province in Mindanao, while the most popular is Pagsanjan falls in Laguna, where tourist came in
droves.

Natural Resources
- The Philippines is rich in natural resources. It has fertile, arable lands, diverse flora and fauna, extensive
coastlines, and rich mineral deposits.
- About 30% of the land area of the country was determined be geologically prospective by the
Philippine Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau. But only 1.5% of country's land area is covered with mining
permits.
- The Philippines’ primary source of livelihood is its fertile land.
-The country ‘s six major crops are rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut, abaca and tobacco.
- Rich, wide plains suitable for farming are found in the Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, South western
Bicol, Panay, Negros, Davao, Cotabato, Agusan and Bukidnon.

Forests
- The Philippines also boasts of wide tracts of lush, green forests. In fact, almost half of the country’s
total land area is forested. Sixty percent of these forests are found in Mindanao.

Mineral resources
- Except for petroleum and a number of metals, mineral resources abound in Philippine soil. Our metal
deposits are estimated at 21.5 billion metric tons, while non-metal deposits are projected at 19.3 billion
metric tons.
-Nickel ranks first in terms of deposits and size, it is found in Surigao del Norte, Davao, Palawan,
Romblon and Samar.
- Iron is found in Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Camarines Norte and Cotabato.
-Copper is in Zambales, Batangas, Mindoro, Panay and Negros.
- Among non-metal deposits, the most abundant are cement, lime, and marble. Other non-metals
include asbestos, clay, guano, asphalt, feldspar, sulfur, talc, silicon, phosphate, and marble.
Natural Resources
- 2,400 fish species found in the country. 65 have good commercial value.
- Other marine products include corals, pearls, crabs and seaweeds.
- biggest fishing areas are Laguna de Bay, Bombon Lake in Batangas, Bato Lake in Camarines Sur, Naujan
Lake in Mindoro and Mainit lake in Agusan del Norte.
- Some of the countries best salt water fishing area’s are found in Sintangki Island in Sulu, Estancia in
Bohol, Malampaya in Palawan, Lingayen Gulf in Pangasinan, San Miguel lake in Camarines Norte,
Bantayan Channel in Cebu, and the seas of Quezon and Sorsogon.
- Soil is the most important natural resources in the Philippines primarily of most people earn a living
from tiling the land.
- 850 species of birds are found in the Philippines.
-Carabao is the most useful animal for it serves as farmer’s best friend.
- 2,000 species of fish are found in the waters of the Philippine archipelago.
- Philippine forest lands have a total area of 16,633,000 hectares which represents 55 percent of the
total land area. The Philippines rank third in forest reserves.
- Philippines is one of Asia’s great gold producing regions.

Regions and Provinces in the Philippines

- The Philippines is composed of 7,107 islands.
- The Philippine islands are clustered into three (3) island groups called Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao
which are further subdivided into seventeen (17) regions.
- The island group of Luzon is composed of Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, CALABARZON,
MIMAROPA, Bicol Region, Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) and the National Capital Region (NCR)
otherwise known as Metro Manila.
- The Visayas island group is composed of Western Visayas, Central Visayas and Eastern Visayas.
- Mindanao island group composed of Zamboanga Peninsula, Northern Mindanao, Davao Region,
SOCCSKSARGEN, CARAGA and the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).
Silvestre Bello III
-Overseas and manages the functions of the Department of Labor collectively with regards laws affecting
the workplace, and unions.

Bernadette Romulo-Puyat
- She formulates policies, plans , programs, rules, and regulations.

Ramon Lopez
- Advises the President of the Philippines on matters related to trade and investments, and industry.

Rolando Joselito Bautista

- Provides social protection and promote the rights and welfare of the poor, vulnerable and the
disadvantaged individual, family and community to contribute to poverty alleviation and empowerment.

Menardo Guevarra
- Is a Filipino lawyer and public servant who is the 59th Secretary of Justice of the Philippines.

William Dar
- A Filipino horticulturist and public servant who is the 45th Secretary of Agriculture of the Philippines.
He was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte on August 5, 2019 to replace Emmanuel Piñol.

Wendel Avisado
- A Filipino politician who is the incumbent Secretary of Budget and Management of the Philippines. He
was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte on August 5, 2019 to replace Janet Abuel.

Hon. Leonor Magtolis-Briones

- a Filipino academic, economist and civil servant who is the incumbent Secretary of Education of the
Philippines under President Rodrigo Duterte. She is also professor emeritus of public administration at
the National College of Public Administration & Governance (NCPAG)

Hon. Alfonso Gaba Cusi

-Is a Filipino businessman and politician from Oriental Mindoro, Philippines.
- He is the 14th Secretary of Energy under the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte.

Hon. Roy Agullana Cimatu

- Is a Filipino retired general who is the current Philippine Secretary of Environment and Natural
Resources, serving in the Duterte Administration.
-He succeeded environmentalist Gina Lopez after her nomination was rejected by the Commission on
Appointments on May 3, 2017.
Hon. Carlos Garcia Dominguez III
- Is a Filipino businessman and former chief executive of Philippine Airlines who is the 31st Secretary of
Finance under President Rodrigo Duterte.

Hon. Teodoro Lopez Locsin, Jr.

Is a Filipino politician, diplomat, lawyer, and former journalist who served as congressman for the 1st
District of Makati from 2001 to 2010 and later served as Philippine Ambassador to the United Nations
from 2017 to 2018.

Hon. Francisco Tiongson Duque III

-Is a Filipino physician and civil servant who is the incumbent Secretary of the Department of Health. He
served as Chairman of the Philippine Civil Service Commission from 2010 to 2015.

Hon. Eduardo Manahan Año

-Is the current Philippine secretary of the Department of Interior and Local Government, serving under
the Duterte Administration.
Departments of the Philippine Government

DOLE – Department of Labor and Employment

- Is the national government agency mandated to formulate policies, implement programs and projects

DTI – Department of Trade and Industry

- is the executive department of the Philippine government tasked as the main economic catalyst that
enables innovative, competitive, job generating, inclusive business, and empowers consumers.

DOT – Department of Tourism

- mandated to encourage, promote, and develop tourism as a major socio-economic activity to generate
foreign currency and local employment.

DSWD – Department of Social Welfare and Development

- is the executive department of the Philippine Government responsible for the protection of the social
welfare of rights of Filipinos and to promote the social development.

DOJ – Department of Justice

- responsible for upholding the rule of law in the Philippines.

DA- Department of Agriculture

- is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the promotion of agricultural
and fisheries development and growth.

DBM – Department of Budget and Management

- responsible for the sound and efficient use of government resources for national development

DepEd- Department of Education

- responsible for ensuring access to, promoting equity in, and improving the quality of basic education.

DOE- Department of Energy

- executive department of the Philippine Government responsible for preparing, integrating,
manipulating, organizing, coordinating, supervising and controlling all plans, programs, projects and
activities of the Government relative to energy exploration, development, utilization, distribution and
conservation.

DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources

- responsible for governing and supervising the exploration, development, utilization, and conservation
of the country's natural resources.

DOF - Department of Finance

- executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the formulation,
institutionalization and administration of fiscal policies, management of the financial resources of the
government,
DFA- Department of Foreign Affairs
- executive department of the Philippine government tasked to contribute to the enhancement of
national security and the protection.

DOH – Department of Health

- executive department of the Philippine government responsible for ensuring access to basic public
health services by all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and the regulation of all
health services and products.

DILG- Department of Interior and Local Government

- executive department of the Philippine government responsible for promoting peace and order

IATF- Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases.