COMMUNITY  Family ties tend to be weak

 Limited space
 A group of people who occupy a common
 Greater impersonality among neighbors
contiguous territory, possessed of a common
 Higher standard of living
set of traditions associated with their living
 Shortage of employment
together in that territory, and served by a set of
 Informal settlers are rampant
local institutions in which the people are
 A lot of hazards and dangers
conscious of their common interest.
 Greater number or separation of spouses
TYPES OF COMMUNITY and live-in arrangements
 Major occupations are industrial,
Formal Communities
administrative, and professional
 Engage in joint activities and discussion, help  Divisions of labor and occupational
and share information with each other; they specialization are very much common
care about their standing with each other.
Rural communities
Examples:
 Usually produce their own food for
 Ecovillages subsistence.
 Co-housing communities  CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL
 Co-ops communities COMMUNITIES
 Religious communities  Greater personal interaction
 Deep, long-term relationships
Informal Communities  Generally, peace and order exist
 Consists of a set of personal relations, social  Mutual give and take affairs
networks, common interest and emotional  Emphasis of shared values
sources of motivation.  Vernacular is usually spoken
 Wider
Examples:  Influence of blood relationships in decision
 Academic communities making
 Recreation communities  Homogenous type of culture
 Retirement communities  Belief in supernatural and superstitious
beliefs
Urban Communities  Relationship is more personal and informal
 Large in terms of land area & population,  Less pollution
advanced in Science & Technology, with  Few establishments and institutions
favorable physical environment and diverse  Few goods and services
cultures, and the people are engaged in various Global Communities
occupation.
 It is the international aggregate of nation-states
CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN  “World Community”
COMMUNITIES  Common point of view towards issues of human
 Advancement in Science and Technology rights, global warming and climate change,
 Many business establishments, recreational peace and order, socio-economic conditions as
centers, educational and religious well as disputed issues such as territorial
institutions. conflict.
 People are crowded
 Social heterogeneity
 Class extremes
 Greater pollution
 Many crimes are committed
Sectoral Communities

 Voluntary, non-profit and non-governmental COMPONENTS OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH

 Also called third sector (in contrast to public PRACTICE
and private sector)
1. Promotion of Health
 NGOs: Non-governmental organizations
2. Prevention of health problems
Social Space Communities 3. Treatment of disorder
4. Rehabilitation
 A social space is a physical or virtual space.
5. Evaluation
 Physical: social center, gathering place,
6. Research and Evidence-based practice
town squares, parks, pubs, shopping malls.
FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH OF THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL SPACES
COMMUNITY
 People gather at information grounds for a
1. Characteristics of the population
primary purpose other than information
2. Location of the community
sharing
3. Social system within the community
 Attended by different social types
 Social interaction is a primary activity ROLES AND ACTIVITIES OF COMMUNITY
 Information occurs in many directions HEALTH NURSE
 Information is used in alternative ways
 Client-oriented
 Many sub-contexts exist; together they form
 Delivery-oriented
grand context
 Population-oriented
CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY
Client-oriented
COMMUNITY
Community Health Nurse as a:
 A shared sense of being a community based
on history and values.  C-Caregiver
 A general feeling of empowerment and  C-Case Manager
control over matters that affect the  C-Counsellor
community as a whole.  A-Advocate
 Existing structures that allow subgroups  R-Role Model
within the community to participate in  P-Primary CARE
decision making in community matters.  P-Provider
 The ability to cope with change  E-Educator
 Open channels of communication and  R-Referral Resource
cooperation among the members of the
community. Delivery-oriented
 Equitable and efficient use of community  C-Coordinator/Care Manager
resources with the view towards sustaining  C-Collaborator
natural resources.  L-Liaison
COMPONENTS OF A COMMUNITY Population-oriented
The Core  C-Case Finder
 Represent the people that make up the  C-Change Agent
community  C-Community Developer
 Includes the demographic of the population  C-Coalition Builder
as well as the values, beliefs, and history of  L-Leader
the people.  R-Researcher
 of conditions in which people can be
healthy.
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
STANDARDS OF NURSING PRACTICE
 Synthesis of nursing practice and public
health practice applied to promoting and  Standard 1: Assessment
preserving the health populations.  Standard 2: Population Diagnosis and
 CHN directs care to the levels of clientele priorities
which contributes to the health of the total  Standard 3” Outcome identification
population.  Standard 4: Planning
 Community health nursing is broader and  Standard 5: Implementation
more general specialty area that a. Coordination
encompasses subspecialties that include b. Health Education and health promotion
public health nursing, school nursing, c. Consultation
occupational health nursing and other d. Regulatory
developing fields of practice, such as home  Standard 6: Evaluation
health, hospice care, and independent nurse
practice.

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

 Synthesis of public health and nursing

practice.
 Classic definition: “Public health nursing
may be defined as a field of professional
practice in nursing and in public health in
which technical nursing, interpersonal,
analytical, and organizational skills are
applied to problems of health as they affect
the community.
 These skills are applied in concert with
those of other persons engaged in health
care, through comprehensive nursing care
of families and other groups and through
measures for evaluation or control of
threats to health, for health education of
the public, and for mobilization of public for
health action.
 Public health nursing is seen as a
subspecialty nursing practice generally
delivered within “official” or government
agencies. (Philippines)
 ANA, 2007 revised the standards of practice
for this specialty area.
 The practice of promoting and protecting
the health of the populations using
knowledge from nursing, social, and public
health sciences (ANA; American Public
Health Association, 1996).
 It is population-focused, with the goals of
promoting health and preventing disease
and disability for all people through creation