Synchronous Generator:

Power and Torque Equations

Prof. Kumar
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
Power and Torque Equations
Mechanical Power Input Pin   appm
This is partially converted to electricity Pconv   ind m  3EA I A cos 
Real Power Output Where  is the angle
between EA and IA.
Pout  3VT I L cos   3V I A cos 

The power-flow
diagram
Power and Torque Equations
Real Power Output

Pout  3VT I L cos   3V I A cos 

Reactive Power Output

Qout  3VT I L sin   3V I A sin 

RA << XS

EA sin 
 I A cos  
XS
Power and Torque Equations
Real Power Output 3V EA sin 
Pout 
XS

We observe that electrical losses are assumed to be zero since the resistance
is neglected  P
conv P
out

Where  is the the Angle between V and EA.

 Called as Power Angle/ Torque Angle / Load Angle/ Internal Angle of the machine 

The maximum power can be supplied by the generator 3V E A

when  = 900: Pmax  (A)
XS
 Power Angle Curve of Synchronous Generator

3V E A 3V EA sin 

Pmax  Pout 
XS XS
Static Stability Limit
 This maximum power
specified is called the static
stability limit of the generator. 3V E A
Pmax 
XS
 Normally, real generators do
not approach this limit:

 Full-load torque angles are

usually between 150 and 200.
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