 SG – sync. m/c used as generator – converts mech.

power to three-phase electrical power

 Source of mech. power – diesel engine, steam turbine,
water turbine or any similar device – basic property its
speed almost constant regardless of power demand –
otherwise power system frequency will vary
 Input mech. power or shaft power Pin = Tappm while
power converted from mech. to electrical form given
Pconv = Tind m = 3 E A I A cos   is angle between EA and IA
 Difference between i/p power and power converted
represents mechanical, core and stray losses of the
machine
 Electrical o/p power in line quantities Pout = 3VT I L cos 
 In phase quantities Pout = 3V I A cos 
 Reactive power in line quantities Qout = 3VT I L sin 
 Reactive power in phase quantities Qout = 3V I A sin 
 To derive approx. o/p power – RA ignored (XS>> RA)
 Phasor dgm. with RA ignored – segment bc expressed as
E sin 
EAsinδ or XSIAcosθ, I cos  =
A
A
X
3V E sin 
S

 Sub in Pout 
P=
A

X
S
 Since resistances assumed zero Pconv= Pout
 Power produced by SG – depends on angle δ between
Vϕ and EA- angle δ known as power or torque angle
 Max. power occurs at δ=90° Pmax = 3V E A
XS
 Max. power indicated –
static stability limit
 Full load δ – 15° to 20°
for real machines
 3V E A sin  Pmax =
3V E A
P= XS
XS
 From eqns. Pout and Qout – if Vϕ is assumed constant –
real power directly proportional to I A cos  and E A sin 
 Reactive power o/p prop to I A sin 
 Induced torque expressed as Tind = kB rotor  B res or
Tind = kB rotor B res sin  δ - angle between rotor and net
magnetic fields
 Since B rotor produces voltage EA and B res produces Vϕ
– angle between EA and Vϕ is same as δ between Brotor
and B res
 Pconv = Tind m , the induced torque expressed as

3V E A sin 
Tind =
m X S