10

Electronics
Quarter 1-Module 7:
Electric Circuits
Electronics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1–Module 7: Electric Circuits
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Region III

Secretary : Leonor M Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Mary Jean S. Perez
Language Reviewer: Ronacel L. Cortez
Content Editor: Rolando B. Reyes Jr.
Illustrator: Mary Jean S. Perez
Layout Artist: Mary Jean S. Perez

Management Team
Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
EPS-Division ADM Coordinator
Marinella P. Garcia Sy, PhD
EPS – Science
Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II
Joannarie C. Garcia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph
 10
Electronics
Quarter 1-Module 7:
Electric Circuits
 Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Electronics STE 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Electric Circuits.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators from public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Electronics STE 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Electric Circuits!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled
to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to
What I Know
take. If you get all the answers correct (100%),
you may decide to skip this module.

1
 This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
What’s In
current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to

What’s New you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice
to solidify your understanding and skills of the
What’s More
topic. You may check the answers to the exercises
using the Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/
What I Have
paragraph to be filled in to process what you
Learned
learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will help
What I Can Do you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Assessment
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you

Additional
to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson
Activities
learned.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References - This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

2
 We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module is written and designed to help you describe the types of
electric circuit applying Ohm’s Law and network theorem. There are given
activities for you to meet the target skills.

The module is about electric circuits: series, parallel, and series-parallel

combination.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. explain electric circuits;
2. name the components of electric circuits;
3. describe the types of electric circuits;
4. compute for the resistance, current, and voltage of resistors in each type
of electric circuit; and
5. appreciate the importance of electric circuit.

What I Know

Direction: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper

_____ 1. What is the circuit connection that comprises branches so that the current
divides and only part of it flows through any branch?
a. Series c. Series-Parallel
b. Parallel d. Closed Circuit

_____ 2. What do you call the path for transmitting electric current?
a. Open Circuit c. Electric Circuit
b. Closed Circuit d. Circuit Breaker

_____ 3. The unbroken loop of conductive material allows _________ to flow through
continuously without beginning or end.
a. voltage c. power
b. charge d. resistance

_____ 4. What is the type of circuit connection wherein all the components have the
same current?
a. Series c. Series-Parallel
b. Parallel d. Closed Circuit

3
_____ 5. A simple circuit can operate without __________.
a. connecting wires c. voltage source
b. load d. switch

_____ 6. What is the element in the circuit that consumes power to perform a
particular function?
a. connecting wires c. battery
b. bulb d. switch

_____ 7. All of the following are true about parallel connections except:
a. Components are connected side by side
b. The currents are different across each component
c. The voltage is the same throughout the circuit
d. Components have different voltages

_____ 8. What is the two-terminal device that provides a potential difference between
two points in the circuit?
a. connecting wire c. battery
b. bulb d. switch

_____ 9. Which of the following is true about series connections?

a. components are connected side by side
b. the currents are different across each component
c. the voltage is the same throughout the circuit
d. components have different voltages

The diagram below is an example of a combination circuit. Use it to answer

numbers10-15.

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-4/Combination-Circuits

_____ 10. The current at location A is _____ the current at location B.

a. greater than c. less than
b. equal to d. the same as

_____ 11. The current at location B is _____ the current at location E.

a. greater than c. less than
b. equal to d. the same as

4
 _____ 12. The current at location G is _____ the current at location F.
a. greater than c. less than
b. equal to d. the same as

_____ 13. The current at location E is _____ the current at location G.

a. greater than c. less than
b. equal to d. the same as

_____ 14. The current at location B is _____ the current at location F.

a. greater than c. less than
b. equal to d. the same as

_____ 15. The current at location A is _____ the current at location L.

a. greater than c. less than
b. equal to d. the same as

What’s In

Direction: Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks with the correct word/s from
the box. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

energy voltage Ohm’s Law Current

electrons I=V/R resistance

Electricity is a form of (1) __________ and is also known as the flow of (2)
_________. There are three quantities involve in the study of electricity-- these are
current, voltage, and resistance. The connection between current, voltage, and
resistance is called (3) _________ that was found by the ingenious mind of Georg
Simon Ohm. Ohm’s Law states that the current (I) through a conductor between two
points is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across the two points and inversely
proportional to the resistance (R) and is defined mathematically by the formula;
(4) ____________. (5) ______________ is the “flow” of electric charge through the
conductive materials of a circuit whereas, (6) _________ is the force pushing the
charge carriers to “flow” in a circuit and is also known as the potential energy that is
relative between two points. Currents tend to pass through the conductive materials
with some degree of restriction or opposition to this motion and are properly called
(7) __________. The amount of current in the circuit is dependent on the amount of
voltage and the amount of resistance in the circuit to oppose the flow of charge.

5
 What’s New

Read the short story below and be ready to answer the questions that follow.

Oh no!!! I think
there’s someone
following me?

For a long time, Elec T. Ron was motion-

less inside a long unknown channel.

One day, he suddenly felt that there

was this some kind of force.

HELP!!! Somebody
please!

...a force that was

pushing him to
move in a certain
direction.

He wanted to resist and go in the opposite direction but he

can’t. There was this something that is pushing him to go in
that direction.

6
 Oh Yeah!
He asked for help, but no Awesome!!!
one was there (maybe
that’s what he knew or
thought since he was born).

When he stopped resisting and went

on with the flow, he felt that he was
now a different being who possesses
power or some kind of ability.

He tested his powers as he passed However, all of a

by a clear circular, glass-like sudden, he felt that
material. It made him proud he stopped moving and
Because he made him glow. he slowly saw
The same thing happened to Himself going
the next glass-like back to his real
material, and with self as he
the other one, reaches
and another the end
one. of the
broken
channel.

GUIDE QUESTIONS

Do you like the story? Let’s check if you understand it. Answer the following questions
with all honesty.

1.What was the role of Elec T. Ron in our story?

2. What did Elec T. Ron become when he flowed, moved, and made the glass-like thing
glowed?
3. What was the force pushing Elec T. Ron to move? Where do you think it was coming
from?
4. Based on the story, Elec T. Ron was able to go back to his real self as he reaches
the end of the broken channel, what did the broken channel represent?
5. How will you relate Elec T. Ron in your previous lesson as well as his role in our day-
to-day living?

7
 Notes to the Teacher
In this module, the chief factors that govern direct currents in simple
circuits and the types of electric circuit connections are considered. The last
part of this module involves the computation of electrical resistance of resistors
connected in different types of electric/electronic circuits.

What is It

Electric Circuits: Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel Combination

An electric current consists of charges moving and flowing from one location to
another. It is involved in nearly all practical applications of electricity. In an electric
circuit, the current is how energy is transferred from a source such as a battery or a
generator to a load. The load may be a lamp, a motor, or any other device that absorbs
electric energy and converts it into some other forms of energy or work.

Electric Circuits
The electrons in motion are the particles carrying charge through wires in a circuit.
A circuit is a continuous loop of conductive material allowing the continuous flow of
charge carriers. If a circuit is “broken”, that is anywhere in a circuit, it prevents the flow
of charge. A simple electric circuit consists of a source (battery), wires as a conducting
medium, and a load (light bulb or anything that uses electricity and does work). The
battery provides the required energy for the flow of electrons (electricity) to the light bulb
that is channeled through by the conducting wires. A circuit can be classified into series
and parallel circuits.

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of simple electric circuit consisting of load, connecting

wires and battery

8
Series Circuit

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of three loads connected in series

In a series circuit (refer to the figure above), each device is connected in a way
that there is only one path by which charge can travel through the external
circuit.
Load or resistors (R) in series are joined end-to-end, so the same current
(I) is evident in all of them,

IT = I1 = I2 = I3
Without interruption, each charge passing through the loop will pass through
each resistor. A resistor is defined as anything that uses electricity to do work. The
potential difference or voltage (V) across the ends of a series set of resistors is the
sum of potential differences across each one,
VT = V1 + V2 + V3
Because the same current I passes through all the resistors, the individual
potential drops are,
V1 = IT R1
V2 = IT R2
V3 = IT R3
If we let RT be the equivalent resistance of the set, the potential difference
across it is,
VT = IT RT
We therefore have,
VT = V1 + V2 + V3
IT RT = IT R1 + IT R2 + IT R3
IT RT = IT R1 + IT R2 + IT R3
IT IT IT IT

Dividing through the current IT gives

RT = R1 + R2 + R3

9
 Sample Problem No. 1
A 20.0-Ω resistor and a 50.0-Ω resistor are in series. The voltage across
the 20.0 -Ω resistor is 3.0 V. (a) What is the total current in the circuit? (b) What
is the voltage across the 50.0-Ω?

Given: Unknown:
R1 = 20.0-Ω a) IT= ?
R2 = 50.0-Ω b) V2= ?
V1 = 3.0 V

Solution:
Analyzing the problem, we have

Since the connection is in series, we will be using the following formula as according to
what is stated in the problem.

a) V1 = IT R1 b) Since:
V1 = IT R1
IT = I1 = I2 ; therefore,
R1 R1
V1 V2 = IT R2
=I
R1 T V2 = (0.15 A) (50.0-Ω )
3.0 V
= IT V2 = 7.5 V
20.0-Ω

IT = 0.15

10
 Sample Problem No. 2
A 5.0-Ω light bulb and a 10.0-Ω light bulb are connected in series with a
6.0 V battery. (a) What is the total resistance of the whole circuit? (b) What is
the current in each bulb? (c) What is the voltage across each bulb?

Given: Unknown:
R1 = 5.0-Ω a) RT = ?
R2 = 10.0-Ω b) I1 ; I2= ?
VT = 6.0-V c) V1 ; V2= ?

Solution:
Analyzing the problem, we have

Since the connection is in series, we will be using the following formula.

a) RT = R1 + R2 b) VT = IT RT c) across the 5.0-Ω bulb

= 5.0-Ω + 10.0-Ω
VT = IT RT V1 = IT R1
RT = 15-Ω RT RT = (0.4 A) (5.0-Ω )
VT
=I V1 = 2.0 V
RT T

6.0 V
= IT V2 = IT R2
15.0-Ω
V2 = IT R2
IT = 0.4 A V2 = (0.4 A) (10.0-Ω )

V2 = 4.0 V
Since:
IT = I1 = I2 ; therefore,
I1 = 0.4 Ω
I2 = 0.4 Ω

11
Parallel Circuit

Figure 3. Schematic diagram

of three loads connected in
parallel

A parallel circuit has multiple paths, consists of more than one load or resistor,
and ends are connected, so the total current IT is split up among them,
IT = I1 + I2 + I3.
In this type of circuit, charges can move through several paths in the circuit. If
one of the loads or resistors within the circuit is broken, then no charge will move
through that path, however, a charge can flow through other paths that are not broken.
The potential difference V is the same across all the resistors.
VT = V1 = V2 = V3
By applying Ohm's Law to each of the resistors, we find that

VT
I1 =
R1

VT
I2 =
R2

VT
I3 =
R3

The total current flowing through the set of three resistors is given in terms of
their equivalent resistance RT by,

VT
IT =
RT

12
 Hence, we have

IT = I1 + I2 + I3
VT V V V
= T+ T+ T
RT R1 R2 R3

VT V V V 1
= T+ T+ T
RT R1 R2 R3 VT

The final step is to divide through by VT, which gives,

1 1 1 1
= + +
RT R1 R2 R3

The smaller the resistance, the greater the proportion of the total current that
flows through it.

Sample Problem No. 1

A 2.0-Ω resistor, a 4.0-Ω and a 5.0-Ω resistor are in connected in parallel
across a 6.0 V power source. Find the equivalent resistance of the set and the
current in each resistor.

Given: Unknown:
R1 = 2.0-Ω a) RT= ?
R2 = 4.0-Ω b) I1 ; I2 ; I3 = ?
R3 = 5.0-Ω
VT = 6.0 V

13
 Solution:
Analyzing the problem, we have

Since the connection is in parallel, we will be using the following formula,

1 1 1 1
a) = + +
RT R1 R2 R3

1 1 1 R2R3+ R1R3 + R1R2

+ +
R1 R2 R3 R1R2R3
1
1 R2R3+ R1R3 + R1R2
= Get the reciprocal of
R1R2R3 RT
RT

R1R2R3
RT =
R2R3+ R1R3 + R1R2
(2.0-Ω) (4.0-Ω )(5.0-Ω)
RT =
(4.0-Ω )(5.0-Ω) + (2.0-Ω) (5.0-Ω) + (2.0-Ω) (4.0-Ω )

3
(40.0-Ω )
RT =
2 2 2
(20.0-Ω ) +(10.0-Ω ) + (8.0-Ω )

3
(40.0-Ω )
RT =
2
(38.0-Ω )

RT = 1.05 Ω

14
 VT VT VT
b) I1 = I2 = I3 =
R1 R2 R3
6.0 V 6.0 V 6.0 V
= = =
2.0-Ω 4.0-Ω 5.0-Ω
I1 = 3.0 A I2 = 1.5 A I3 = 1.2 A

Sample Problem No. 2

A 5.0-Ω Light bulb and a 10.0-Ω light bulb are connected in parallel with a
6.0 V battery. (a) What is the total resistance of the whole circuit? (b) What is
the current in each bulb? (c) What is the voltage across each bulb?

Given: Unknown:
R1 = 5.0-Ω a) RT = ?
R2 = 10.0-Ω b) I1 ; I2= ?
VT = 6.0-V c) V1 ; V2= ?

Solution:
Analyzing the problem, we have

1 1 1
a) = +
RT R1 R2

1 1 R2 + R1
+
R1 R2 R1R2

15
 1 R2 + R1 1
= Get the reciprocal of
RT R1R2 RT

R1R2
RT =
R2 + R1

(5.0-Ω) (10.0-Ω)
RT =
10.0-Ω + 5.0-Ω
2
50.0-Ω
RT =
15.0-Ω

RT = 3.33 Ω

VT VT
b) I1 = I2 =
R1 R2

6.0 V 6.0 V
= =
5.0-Ω 10.0-Ω
I1 = 1.2 A I2 = 0.6 A

c) Since the circuit is in parallel

VT = V1 = V2
VT = 6.0 V

Therefore,
V1 = 6.0 V
V2 = 6.0 V

Series-Parallel Combinations
If the components of the circuit are linked in series in some elements and
linked in parallel in others, we can’t apply a single set of rules for that circuit.
Combinations of resistors which are complicated may often be broken down into
series and parallel groupings. We only need to identify which parts of the circuit are
series and which parts are parallel then apply series and parallel rules as necessary
to determine what is happening in that particular circuit.

16
Take the following circuit for instance,

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of loads connected in series-parallel combination

This circuit is neither simple series nor a simple parallel. Rather, it contains
factors of both. The current exits the bottom of the battery splits as they travel via R 1
and R4. Then the current passing via R1 splits up once more passing through R 2 and
R3 and comes to rejoin to R4 to return to the top of the battery. There exists more than
one way for current to travel (not series), but there are greater than two sets of
electrically common points in the circuit (not parallel).
Since the circuit in this illustration clearly shows a combination of both series-
connected and parallel-connected, we cannot apply the rules for voltage, current, and
resistance to begin our analysis like we do when the circuits are in simple series and
simple parallel. This circuit’s solution might be complicated.

Figure 5. Successive steps in determining the total or equivalent resistance (R) of the
resistor network shown in Figure 4.

Analysis strategies for series-parallel resistors

(https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-7/analysis-technique/ )

The general approach to carry out this aim is as follows:

First, determine which resistors in a circuit are linked in simple series or simple
parallel.
Second, draw up the circuit in Step 1 with a single, equivalent -value resistor.
Third, repeat steps 1 and 2.
Fourth, calculate the total current by dividing the total voltage by the total
resistance (IT=VT/RT).
Fifth, after computing for the total voltage and current values, go back to the
final step within the circuit reduction method and insert those values where
applicable.
Sixth, from the computed values of resistance and total voltage/total current
from step 5, use Ohm’s Law to calculate unknown values using either of this formula
V=IR or I=V/R, whichever is applicable.
Finally, repeat steps 5 and 6 until all values are known.

17
Sample Problem No. 1
List the resistances that can be obtained by combining three 10.0-Ω
resistors in all possible ways.

Given: Unknown:
R1 = 10.0-Ω a) RT = ? (all in parallel)
R2 = 10.0-Ω a) RT = ? (two in parallel)
R3 = 10.0-Ω a) RT = ? (two in series)
a) RT = ? (all in series)
Solution:
Analyzing the problem, we have

a) All in parallel

1 1 1 1
= + +
RT R1 R2 R3

R1R2R3
RT =
R2R3+ R1R3 + R1R2
(10.0-Ω)(10.0-Ω)(10.0-Ω)
RT =
(10.0-Ω)(10.0-Ω)+ (10.0-Ω)(10.0-Ω) + (10.0-Ω)(10.0-Ω)

3
1000.0-Ω
RT =
2 2 2
(100.0-Ω ) + (100.0-Ω ) + (100.0-Ω )
3
1000.0-Ω
RT =
2
300.0-Ω

RT = 3.33 Ω

18
 b) Two in parallel

Since we still need to consider R3 as part of the circuit, we will change RT with R12 to
get the total resistance of the two resistors connected in parallel.

1 R 2 + R1 1 R2 + R1
= =
RT R1R2 R12 R 1R 2
R1R2
R12 =
R2 + R1
(10.0-Ω) (10.0-Ω)
R12 =
10.0-Ω + 10.0-Ω
2
100.0-Ω
R12 =
20.0-Ω

R12 = 5.0 Ω

RT = R12 + R3
= 5. 0 Ω + 10.0 Ω
RT = 15. 0 Ω
c) Two in series

R12 = R1 + R2
= 10. 0 Ω + 10.0 Ω
R12 = 20. 0 Ω

1 R3 + R12
=
RT R12R3
R12R3
RT =
R3 + R12
2
(20. 0 Ω)(10. 0 Ω) (200. 0 Ω )
RT = =
(10. 0 Ω)+ (20. 0 Ω) (30. 0 Ω)
RT = 6.66 Ω

19
 d) All in series

RT = R1 + R2 + R3
= 10. 0 Ω + 10.0 Ω + 10.0 Ω
RT = 30. 0 Ω

Sample Problem No. 2

a) Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit in the figure below.
b) What is the current in 4.0 Ω resistor when a potential difference of 12.0 V is
applied to the circuit?

a) Equivalent resistance of the circuit

(5. 0 Ω) (4. 0 Ω)
R ’ = ’
R = 2.22 Ω
(5. 0 Ω) + (4. 0 Ω)
2
(20. 0 Ω )
=
(9. 0 Ω)

R ’’ = (2.22. 0 Ω) + (5. 0 Ω)

R ’’ = 7.22 Ω

b) Current in 4.0 Ω resistor

VT
’’
I =
’’ ’
V= I R
I=
V

R’’ = (1.66 A) (2.22 Ω) R

12.0 V V = 3.68 V 3.68 V
=
7.22-Ω =
4.0-Ω

’’
I = 1.66 A I= 0.92 A

20
 What’s More

Let’s Go Hand-in-Hand
Independent activity 1.
Circuit Construction 1
Construct a series circuit using Set A or Set B, whichever is available.
A. Materials:
connecting wires
2 light bulbs (5.0 Ω, 10.0 Ω)
2 pcs. 1.5 V batteries/dry cells
Procedure:
1. Connect the two bulbs in series to a 3-V battery as shown in Set B.
B. Phet Simulation (Circuit Construction Kit DC)

Guide questions ( for Set A/Set B)

Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of pad
paper.
1. Which bulb shines brighter? Why do you think so?
2. Which has a greater current, voltage, and resistance?

Notes to the Teacher

To launch the Phet Simulation, just go to your browser and click this
link: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circuit-construction-kit-dc.

21
 Connect Me If I’m Wrong Part I
Independent assessment 1.
Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of pad
paper.
1. What is the equivalent or total resistance of the circuit that you have constructed?
2. What is the total current of the circuit?
3. What are the potential differences across R1 and R2?

Till We Meet Again

Independent activity 2.
Circuit Construction 2
Construct a parallel circuit using Set A or Set B, whichever is available.
A. Materials:
connecting wires
2 light bulbs (5.0 Ω, 10.0 Ω)
2 pcs. 1.5 V batteries/dry cells
Procedure:
1. Connect the two bulbs in parallel to a 3-V battery as shown in Set
B.
B. Phet Simulation (Circuit Construction Kit DC)

Guide questions ( for Set A/Set B)

Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of pad paper.
1. Which bulb shines brighter? Why do you think so?
2. Which has a greater resistance, current, and voltage?

22
 Connect Me If I am Wrong Part II
Independent assessment 2.

Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of pad
paper.
1. What is the equivalent or total resistance of the two-resistors?
2. How much current flows in R1 and R2?
3. What is the total current of the circuit?
4. What is the total potential difference/voltage of the entire circuit?

See You at the Crossroads

Independent activity 3.
Circuit Construction 3
Construct a series-parallel circuit combination using Set A or Set B, whichever
is available.
A. Materials:
connecting wires
4 light bulbs (3.0 Ω, 12.0 Ω, 8.0 Ω, 6.0 Ω)
4 pcs. 1.5 V batteries/dry cells
Procedure:
1. Connect the four (4) bulbs in series-parallel combination to a 6-V
battery as shown in Set B.
B. Phet Simulation (Circuit Construction Kit DC)

23
Guide questions ( for Set A/Set B)
Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
pad paper.
1. How do you compare the brightness of each bulb?
2. Why do you think bulb #4 (R4) shines the brightest?
3. Why do you think bulb #2 (R2) shines the least?
4. Which has a greater resistance, current, and voltage?

Connect Me If I’m Wrong Part III

Independent assessment 3.
Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of pad
paper.
1. What is the equivalent or total resistance of the circuit?
2. What is the current in each resistor?
3. What is the potential difference across the parallel resistors R 2 and R3?

Notes to the Teacher

It is important to note that in this topic, the teacher should inform the students
that it is all right to do the connection and make experimentation on the types
of connection since they are about to work on a laboratory set-up with a limited
amount of voltage of up to not more than 12V. That the set-up could be
harmful if the students will use higher voltage with just a no. 20 or no. 22 wire
and a miniature lamps or light bulb of 2.5 V 0.3A.

What I Have Learned

Direction: Complete the paragraph below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

An electric circuit is a (1) __________ consisting of three basic components:

the (2) _________, (3) _________, and (4) ____________. An electric circuit can
be of two types; the (5) ______________ and the (6) _________. In a series
circuit, the (7) __________ is the same. To find for the total resistance of resistors
connected in series, you will use the formula (8)__________. In a parallel circuit,
the (9) __________ is the same .To find for the total resistance of resistors
connected in parallel, you will use the formula (10)__________.

24
 What I Can Do

Creating Cool Gadgets Applying the Knowledge on Simple Circuit

Applying your knowledge on the different components of a circuit, make a cool gadget
made up of recycled materials at home. Your gadget doesn’t have to be original what
is important is the way you understand how a circuit works.

Cool Gadgets Scoring Rubrics

Awesome (5 pts.) Fair (4 pts.) Poor (3 pts.)

Cool Gadget’s The gadget functions The gadget Gadget does not
properly. The circuit functions. Some function.
Functionality
works consistently components are
despite repeated not working when
manipulations. manipulated

Cool Gadget’s Related to the lesson on Not related to the Not related to the
circuit connections lesson on circuit lesson on circuit
Relevance
connections connections
to the lesson

Always be extra careful in dealing with higher voltage!

TAKE Though the human body has resistance to current,
we still can be electrocuted with just a 12V potential
CARE
difference, especially under certain conditions.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. An electric heater draws a current of 20A when connected to a 120-V power source.
What is its resistance?
a. 0.17 Ω c. 8 Ω
b. 6 Ω d. 2400 Ω

2. A 20-V potential difference is applied across a series combination of a 10-Ω resistor

and a 30-Ω resistor. What is the current in the 10-Ω resistor?
a. 0.5 A c. 1 A
b. 0.67 A d. 2 A

25
3. What is the potential difference across the 10-Ω resistor in question no. 2?
a. 5 V c. 15 V
b. 10 V d. 20 V

4. What will be the equivalent or total resistance of a10-Ω resistor and a 30-Ω
resistor connected in parallel?
a. 0.13 Ω c. 20 Ω
b. 7.5 Ω d. 40 Ω

5. If a 20-V potential difference is applied across the 10-Ω resistor and a 30-Ω
resistor connected in parallel. What is the current in the 10-Ω resistor?
a. 0.5 A c. 2 A
b. 1 A d. 2.67 A

6. The equivalent resistance of a network of three 2- Ω resistors cannot be

_________.
a. 0.67 Ω c. 3 Ω
b. 1.5 Ω d. 6 Ω

7. Two identical resistors in parallel have an equivalent resistance of 2 Ω. If the

resistors were in series, their equivalent resistance would be __________.
a. 2 Ω c. 8 Ω
b. 4 Ω d. 16 Ω

8. A resistor of unknown resistance is in parallel with a 12- Ω resistor. A battery of

emf (potential difference) 24V and negligible internal resistance is connected
across the combination. The battery provides a current of 3A. The unknown
resistance is____.
a. 8 Ω c. 24 Ω
b. 12 Ω d. 36 Ω

9. A 12-V potential difference is applied across a series combination of a four 6-Ω

resistors. What is the current in the each resistor?
a. 0.5 A c. 8A
b. 2 A d. 18A

10. A 12-V potential difference is applied across a parallel combination of a four

6-Ω resistors. What is the current in the each resistor?
a. 0.5 A c. 8 A
b. 2 A d. 18 A

26
 For questions number 11-12, refer to the figure below.

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/worksheets/series-parallel-dc-circuits/

11. Which resistor is not part of the circuit?

a. R1 c. R3
b. R2 d. R4

12. What are you going to do with that resistor for it to become part of the circuit?
a. Move it one step to the left c. Move it two steps higher
b. Move it on step to the right d. Let it stay on its place

For questions number 13-15, refer to the figure below.

13. What type of circuit is shown in the figure?

a. Series Circuit c. Series-Parallel Combination
b. Parallel Circuit d. Short Circuit

14. Which light bulb (s) will glow brightly based on the figure assuming all light bulbs
are identical?
a. A only c. A and C
b. B only d. B and D

27
15. What will happen to bulbs A and C if the filament in bulb D fails open?
a. Bulbs A and C will become brighter. c. Bulbs A and C will become busted
b. Bulbs A and C will become dimmer. d. Bulbs A and C will not be affected.

Additional Activity

It is said that our home appliances are connected in parallel to each other. Is
it possible that there is a series connection in our household wirings? Why or why
not? State your reason to prove your answer/s.

__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubrics

3 2 1

Reflection Reflection questions Reflection questions Reflection questions were

questions were answered and were answered , but answered incompletely
specific evidence evidence used did not with little or no relevant
from the activity was connect to the activity. evidence
used to justify
answers.

28
 29
What I Know What's More What’s New
1. B Independent activity 1
2. C 1. Since the connection is series, where 1. Elec T. Ron’s role in the
3. B the current is the same, the one with story is being a particle that
4. A greater resistance will receive a greater is capable of carrying
5. D amount of voltage so R2 will glow the charge through the wires
6. B brighter. and can flow when given a
7. D 2. R1 and R2 have the same amount of
8. C push.
current. R2 has greater resistance and
9. D voltage. 2. Elec T. Ron became a
10. D mobile/moving electron that
11. A Independent assessment 1 transmits charges from one
12. C point to another.
13. A 1. RT= 15 Ω
14. A 2. IT = 0.2 A 3. The force pushing Elec
15. D 3. V1 = 1 V; V2 = 2 V T. Ron to move or flow in
the circuit is the voltage.
Independent activity 2 This voltage is coming from
1. Since the connection is parallel, a power source either from
What’s In where the voltage is the same the one an AC or DC.
1. energy with lesser resistance will receive the 4. The broken channel may
2. electrons greater current and because R1 has represent a broken wire,
3. Ohm’s Law lesser resistance it will glow brighter busted light bulb or a
4. I=V/R than R2. drained battery, or cut
5. current power supply.
6. voltage 2. R1 and R2 have the same amount of
voltage. R2 has greater resistance 5. Elec T. Ron or electron is
7. resistance
essential in our daily living
while R1 has a greater current.
for without it there will be no
electricity. All our electrical
Independent assessment 2
appliances will not work or
What I Have Learned 1. RT= 3.33 Ω function no matter how
1. closed loop 2. I1 = 0.6 A; I2 = 0.3 A expensive they are.
2. connecting wires 3. IT = 0.9 A
3. light bulb 4. V1 = 3 V; V2 = 3 V
4. Battery
5. series circuit Independent activity 3
6. parallel circuit 1. Each bulb has a different brightness. Assessment
7. Current 2. Since R4 is parallel with the three-
8. RT=R1+ R2 + R3 1. B
resistors with greater total resistance, it 2. A
9. voltage glows the brightest.
10. 1/RT=1/R1+ 1/R2 + 1/R3 3. A
3. R2 has the least brightness because 4. B
it has a greater resistance and connect- 5. C
ed in parallel with R3 6. B
4. R2 has the greatest resistance, R4 7. C
has the greatest current and voltage. 8. C
9. A
Independent assessment 3 10. B
1. RT= 3.4 Ω 11. C
2. I1 = 0.77 A; I2 = 0.31 A; 12. A
13. C
I3 = 0.46 A; I4 = 1 A 14. C
3. V23 = 3.69 V 15. B
Answer Key
References

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