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equity
Determiners
Adjective phrases
Noun phrases
Prepositional phrases
Verb phrases
Adjective clauses
Noun clauses
The following sections define each of the seven grammatical forms that form the
internal structure of noun phrases as well as provide examples to illustrate use.
Determiners
Determiners are the first grammatical form that appear within noun phrases in the
English language. Determiners include articles, demonstrative determiners,
interrogative determiners, possessive determiners, quantifiers, and numerals.
Determiners perform the grammatical function of determinative in English noun
phrases. Determinatives provide information such as familiarity, location,
quantity, and number. For example, the following italicized determiners function
as determinatives within noun phrases:
the mug
an aardvark
a cat
two mice
this jacket
which witch
both of the clowns
fifth place
Determiners precede the main noun and all other modifiers and complements in
English noun phrases.
Adjective Phrases
Adjective phrases are the second grammatical form that appear within noun
phrases in the English language. Adjectives are traditionally defined as “words
that describe nouns.” Adjective phrases are defined as phrases that are formed
by an adjective functioning as the head of the phrase plus any modifiers or
complements. Adjective phrases perform the grammatical function of noun
phrase modifier in English noun phrases. For example, the following italicized
adjective phrases function as noun phrase modifiers within noun phrases
angry birds
a blue caterpillar
the naked bee
someone special
nobody very smart
attorney general
rather unpleasant consequences
terribly unruly school children
Adjective phrases may precede or follow the main noun in English noun phrases
depending on the specific noun or pronoun functioning as the noun phrase head.
Noun Phrases
Noun phrases are the third grammatical form that appear within noun phrases in
the English language. Nouns are traditionally defined as “words that name
people, places, things, and ideas.” Noun phrases also perform the grammatical
functions of noun phrase modifier and determinative in English noun phrases.
For example, the following italicized noun phrases function as noun phrase
modifiers within noun phrases:
Prepositional Phrases
Prepositional phrases are the fourth grammatical form that appear within noun
phrases in the English language. Prepositions are traditionally defined as “words
the relate nouns, adjectives, and verbs to other words.” Prepositional phrases are
defined as phrases formed by a preposition directly followed by a prepositional
complement. Prepositional phrases perform the grammatical functions of both
noun phrase modifier and noun phrase complement in English noun phrases. For
example, the following italicized prepositional phrases function as noun phrase
modifiers or noun phrase complements within noun phrases:
Verb Phrases
Verb phrases in the form of infinitives, present participles, and past participles
are the fifth grammatical form that appear within noun phrases in the English
language. Verbs are traditionally defined as “action or state of being words.” Verb
phrases are defined as phrases that are formed by a verb plus any auxiliary
verbs, particles, modifiers, or complements. Verb phrases perform the
grammatical function of noun phrase modifier in English noun phrases. For
example, the following italicized verb phrases function as noun phrase modifiers
within noun phrases:
Adjective Clauses
Adjective clauses are the sixth grammatical form that appear within noun phrases
in the English language. Adjective clauses are defined as subordinate or
dependent clauses that consist of a subordinating conjunction in the form of a
relative pronoun followed by a clause and that perform adjectival functions.
Adjective clauses perform the grammatical function of noun phrase modifier in
English noun phrases. For example, the following italicized adjective clauses
function as noun phrase modifiers within noun phrases:
the apple that Snow White bit into
the woman, who is also my aunt
the man whose children play with mine
the flea market where James found the comic book
the study, which was conducted by researchers at the University of Illinois
the boy whom my daughter has a crush on
the boy on whom my daughter has a crush
children who skateboard in the street
Adjective clauses always follow the main noun in English noun phrases.
Noun Clauses
Noun clauses are the seventh grammatical form that appear within noun phrases
in the English language. Noun clauses are defined as subordinate clauses that
consist of a subordinating conjunction following by a clause and that perform
nominal functions. Noun clauses perform the grammatical function of noun
phrase complement in English noun phrases. For example, the following
italicized noun clauses function as noun phrase complements:
your belief that women and men are not socially equal
the fact that you scheduled the meeting without consulting me
our hope that no child will ever go hungry
the fact that you are an absolute smart
my dream that all students will one day fully understand English grammar
the claim that the earth is flat
the idea that a parent would hurt a child
the fact that men are often physically larger than women
Noun clauses always follow the main noun in English noun phrases.
Determiner – Noun
Adjective Phrase – Noun
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Noun
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Adjective Phrase – Noun
Determiner – Noun Phrase – Noun
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Noun Phrase – Noun
Determiner – Noun – Prepositional Phrase
Determiner – Noun – Verb Phrase
Determiner – Noun – Prepositional Phrase – Verb Phrase
Determiner – Noun – Noun Clause
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Noun Phrase – Noun – Prepositional
Phrase
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Noun Phrase – Noun – Verb Phrase
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Noun Phrase – Noun – Prepositional
Phrase – Verb Phrase
Noun – Noun Clause
Determiner – Noun – Prepositional Phrase – Adjective Clause
For example:
Note that more than just the fifteen constructions of the noun phrase listed above
are possible in the English language.
Summary
Noun phrases in English grammar are phrases in which a noun functions as the
head of the phrase. A noun phrase consists of a noun including a pronoun plus
any determiners, modifiers, and complements. Noun phrases perform nominal
grammatical functions.
The ten grammatical functions performed by noun phrases are subject, subject
complement, direct object, object complement, indirect object, prepositional
complement, noun phrase modifier, determinative, appositive, and adjunct
adverbial.
The seven grammatical forms that may appear in noun phrases are determiners,
adjective phrases, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, adjective clauses, noun
clauses, and noun phrases.
References
Brinton, Laurel J. & Donna M. Brinton. 2010. The linguistic structure of Modern
English, 2nd edn. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Hopper, Paul J. 1999. A short course in grammar. New York: W. W. Norton &
Company.
Huddleston, Rodney. 1984. Introduction to the grammar of English. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
RELATED ITEMSADJECTIVE CLAUSEADJECTIVE PHRASEDETERMINERGRAMMATICAL
FORMNOUNNOUN CLAUSENOUN PHRASEPREPOSITIONAL PHRASEVERB PHRASE
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Dictionaries identifies all three words as an adverb first...
Notional grammars define adjectives as “words that describe nouns.” Big, cute, green,
small, and wonky are prototypical adjectives. In big bully,...
Similar to nouns and noun phrases in grammatical function, noun clauses are
dependent or subordinate clauses that perform nominal functions and...
Noun clauses are independent, or subordinate, clauses that perform nominal functions.
Clauses are grammatical structures that contain a subject and a...
attorney general
rather unpleasant consequences
terribly unruly school children
Adjective phrases may precede or follow the main noun in English noun phrases
depending on the specific noun or pronoun functioning as the noun phrase head.
Noun Phrases
Noun phrases are the third grammatical form that appear within noun phrases in
the English language. Nouns are traditionally defined as “words that name
people, places, things, and ideas.” Noun phrases also perform the grammatical
functions of noun phrase modifier and determinative in English noun phrases.
For example, the following italicized noun phrases function as noun phrase
modifiers within noun phrases:
Prepositional Phrases
Prepositional phrases are the fourth grammatical form that appear within noun
phrases in the English language. Prepositions are traditionally defined as “words
the relate nouns, adjectives, and verbs to other words.” Prepositional phrases are
defined as phrases formed by a preposition directly followed by a prepositional
complement. Prepositional phrases perform the grammatical functions of both
noun phrase modifier and noun phrase complement in English noun phrases. For
example, the following italicized prepositional phrases function as noun phrase
modifiers or noun phrase complements within noun phrases:
the puppy with the blue collar (modifier)
the blanket from my grandmother (modifier)
twelve books on the shelf (modifier)
a box in the closet (modifier)
fear of milk (complement)
passion for animal rights (complement)
love of the game (complement)
president elect of the United States (complement)
Prepositional phrases always follow the main noun in English noun phrases.
Verb Phrases
Verb phrases in the form of infinitives, present participles, and past participles
are the fifth grammatical form that appear within noun phrases in the English
language. Verbs are traditionally defined as “action or state of being words.” Verb
phrases are defined as phrases that are formed by a verb plus any auxiliary
verbs, particles, modifiers, or complements. Verb phrases perform the
grammatical function of noun phrase modifier in English noun phrases. For
example, the following italicized verb phrases function as noun phrase modifiers
within noun phrases:
Adjective Clauses
Adjective clauses are the sixth grammatical form that appear within noun phrases
in the English language. Adjective clauses are defined as subordinate or
dependent clauses that consist of a subordinating conjunction in the form of a
relative pronoun followed by a clause and that perform adjectival functions.
Adjective clauses perform the grammatical function of noun phrase modifier in
English noun phrases. For example, the following italicized adjective clauses
function as noun phrase modifiers within noun phrases:
Noun Clauses
Noun clauses are the seventh grammatical form that appear within noun phrases
in the English language. Noun clauses are defined as subordinate clauses that
consist of a subordinating conjunction following by a clause and that perform
nominal functions. Noun clauses perform the grammatical function of noun
phrase complement in English noun phrases. For example, the following
italicized noun clauses function as noun phrase complements:
your belief that women and men are not socially equal
the fact that you scheduled the meeting without consulting me
our hope that no child will ever go hungry
the fact that you are an absolute idiot
my dream that all students will one day fully understand English grammar
the claim that the earth is flat
the idea that a parent would hurt a child
the fact that men are often physically larger than women
Noun clauses always follow the main noun in English noun phrases.
Determiner – Noun
Adjective Phrase – Noun
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Noun
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Adjective Phrase – Noun
Determiner – Noun Phrase – Noun
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Noun Phrase – Noun
Determiner – Noun – Prepositional Phrase
Determiner – Noun – Verb Phrase
Determiner – Noun – Prepositional Phrase – Verb Phrase
Determiner – Noun – Noun Clause
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Noun Phrase – Noun – Prepositional
Phrase
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Noun Phrase – Noun – Verb Phrase
Determiner – Adjective Phrase – Noun Phrase – Noun – Prepositional
Phrase – Verb Phrase
Noun – Noun Clause
Determiner – Noun – Prepositional Phrase – Adjective Clause
For example:
Note that more than just the fifteen constructions of the noun phrase listed above
are possible in the English language.
Summary
Noun phrases in English grammar are phrases in which a noun functions as the
head of the phrase. A noun phrase consists of a noun including a pronoun plus
any determiners, modifiers, and complements. Noun phrases perform nominal
grammatical functions.
The ten grammatical functions performed by noun phrases are subject, subject
complement, direct object, object complement, indirect object, prepositional
complement, noun phrase modifier, determinative, appositive, and adjunct
adverbial.
The seven grammatical forms that may appear in noun phrases are determiners,
adjective phrases, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, adjective clauses, noun
clauses, and noun phrases.
References
Brinton, Laurel J. & Donna M. Brinton. 2010. The linguistic structure of Modern
English, 2nd edn. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Hopper, Paul J. 1999. A short course in grammar. New York: W. W. Norton &
Company.
Huddleston, Rodney. 1984. Introduction to the grammar of English. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.