Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Instructor’s Manual
With
C H A P T E R T S e v e n
Interviewing
Candidates
7
Lecture Outline
Strategic Overview
Basic Features of Interviews
Types of Interviews
Structured Versus. Unstructured Interviews
Interview Content (Types of Questions)
Administering the Interview
Are Interviews Useful?
What Can Undermine an Interview’s Usefulness?
First Impressions (Snap Judgments) In Brief: This chapter gives an
Misunderstanding the Job overview of types of interviews and
Candidate-Order (Contrast) Error and Pressure to their features. It discusses common
Hire
mistakes in interviewing, and
Non-Verbal Behavior and Impression Management
Effect of Personal Characteristics such as
outlines effective interviewing
Attractiveness and Gender techniques from the views of both
Interviewer Behavior interviewer and interviewee.
Designing and Conducting an Effective Interview
The Structured Situational Interview Interesting Issues: While structured
How to Conduct a More Effective Interview interviews have been shown to be
more valid than non-structured ones,
some managers tend to resist
structured interviews in favor of
trusting their own skills as an
interviewer.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
ANNOTATED OUTLINE
1. Job Analysis
Teaching Tips: Students are frequently apprehensive about their own ability
to be interviewed successfully. Emphasize that preparation is important.
Class presentations or exercises that involve interviews can be used as an
opportunity for students to get feedback about dressing appropriately for an
interview, if students are told in advance that they should dress for the
presentation as they would for an interview. Local supervisors, HR
managers, or personnel from Student Placement departments within the
college/university can often be brought in as speakers to address this topic.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Explain and illustrate the basic ways in which you can classify selection
interviews. Interviews can be classified according to: (1) degree of structure.
This is the extent to which interviews are, or are not, structure with previously
designed questions so that each candidate must answer the same things. (2)
purpose. Interviews may be designed to accomplish several purposes, including
selection, performance appraisal feedback, etc. (3) content. The content of the
questions may be situational, job-related, or psychological. (4) the way the
interview is administered. Interviews might be conducted by a panel of
interviewers, sequentially or all at once, computerized, or personally. Students
should also provide some illustrations of each.
3. For what sorts of jobs do you think computerized interviews are most
appropriate? Why? The computerized interview can be used as a screening
device for virtually any type of position that may generate a large number of
applicants. It is less likely to be used for managerial positions. However, if there
are large numbers of applicants, it could certainly be just as useful there as in
skilled, professional, and unskilled positions.
4. Why do you think " situational interviews yield a higher mean validity than
do job related or behavioral interviews, which in turn yield a higher mean
validity than do psychological interviews?" The situational interview allows
the candidate to answer situational questions based on past experiences in
which he or she might have made mistakes, but learned from them. The job-
related (or behavioral) interview focuses primarily on past situations, but does not
allow for changes in the candidate due to the lessons that he or she might have
learned from those experiences. The psychological interview tends to be more
speculative regarding traits that are difficult to really measure.
5. Similarly, how do you explain the fact that structured interviews, regardless
of content, are more valid than unstructured interviews for predicting job
performance? The structured interview helps to keep the interviewer focused
on the types of behaviors, traits, or answers that are desired and have been
determined to be good predictors of job performance. Unstructured interviews
allow interviewers to become sidetracked with things like common interests and
other items that are not good predictors of job success.
6. Briefly discuss and give examples of at least five common interviewing
mistakes. What recommendations would you give for avoiding these
interviewing mistakes?
Snap Judgments: This is where the interviewer jumps to a conclusion about the
candidate during the first few minutes of the interview. Using a structured
interview is one way to help avoid this, as well as training of the interviewers.
Negative Emphasis: When an interviewer has received negative information
about the candidate, through references or other sources, he or she will almost
always view the candidate negatively. The best way to avoid this is to keep
references or other information from the interviewer. If possible, have different
people do the reference checks and the interviews and not share the information
until afterwards.
Misunderstanding the Job: When interviewers do not have a good understanding
of the job requirements, they do not make good selections of candidates. All
interviewers should clearly understand the jobs and know what is needed for
success in those jobs.
Pressure to Hire: Anytime an interviewer is told that they must hire a certain
number of people within a short time frame, poor selection decisions may be
made. This type of pressure should be avoided whenever possible.
Candidate-Order (Contrast) Error: When an adequate candidate is preceded by
either an outstanding, or a poor candidate, by contrast he or she looks either less
satisfactory or much better. This can be countered through interviewer training,
allowing time between interviews, and structured interviews with structured rating
forms.
Influence of Nonverbal Behavior: Candidates who exhibit stronger non-verbal
behavior, such as eye contact and energy level are perceived as stronger by the
interviewers. This can be minimized through interviewer training and structured
interviews.
Telegraphing: An interviewer might "give" the right answers to candidates they
hope to hire. This can be combated through structured interview questions,
multiple interviewers, and interviewer training.
Too Much / Too Little Talking: On either end of these extremes, the interviewer
may not gather all the information that is really needed to make an appropriate
selection decision. Structured interviews help keep this from happening.
Playing District Attorney or Psychologist: Some interviewers misuse their power
by turning the interview into a game of "gotcha" or by probing for hidden
meanings in everything the applicants say. Structured interviews help keep this
from happening.
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE
Purpose: The purpose of this exercise is to give you practice using some of the
interview techniques you learned in this chapter.
2. Instructions for the interviewees. T he interviewees should leave the room for
about 20 minutes. While out of the room, the interviewees should develop an
‘interviewer assessment form’ based on the information presented in this chapter
regarding factors that can undermine the usefulness of an interview. During the panel
interview, the interviewees should assess the experiential exercise interviewers using
the interviewer assessment form. After the panel of interviewers has conducted the
interview, the interviewees should leave the room to discuss their notes. Did the
interviewers exhibit any of the factors that can undermine the usefulness of an
interview? If so, which ones? What suggestions would you (the interviewees) make to
the interviewers on how to improve the usefulness of the interview?
3. Instructions for the interviewers. While the interviewees are out of the room, the
panel interviewers will have 20 minutes to develop a short structured situational
interview form for a ‘nannie.’ The interviewer panel will then interview two candidates
for the position. During the panel interview, each interviewer should take notes on a
copy of the structured situational interview form. After the interview, the panel
interviewers should discuss their notes. What were your first impressions of each
interviewee? Were your impressions similar? Which candidate would you all select
for the position and why?
APPLICATION CASE
1. How would you explain the nature of the panel interview Hayat had to
endure? Specifically, do you think it reflected a well-thought-out
interviewing technique (or rather, a careless strategy) on the part of the
panel? If it was carelessness, what would you do to improve the interview
process? It is fairly clear that the panel interview was a stress interview
designed to see how well Hayat could handle difficult situations. In this respect,
it seems to have been a well-thought-out interviewing strategy, but there was a
very clear element of carelessness on the part of the firm's management. The
panel was obviously not well-trained and was careless in the choice of questions
that they used. Many of the questions were clearly discriminatory and could be
used against them in a gender-based discrimination suit.
3. Would you take the job offer if you were Hayat? If you’re not sure, is there
any additional information that would help you make your decision, and if
so, what is it? There are a wide variety of specific questions that could be
posed to address these issues. Questions need to be job-related, specifically to
the requirements listed above. They also need to clearly avoid any
discriminatory areas.
4. The job for which Hayat was applying requires: (a) excellent technical skills
with respect to engineering; (b) a commitment to working in the area of
environment and pollution control; (c) the ability to deal well and
confidently with customers who have engineering problems; (d) a
willingness to travel worldwide, and (e) a very intelligent and well-balanced
personality. List 10 questions you would ask when interviewing applicants
for this job. Ten interview questions that could be asked are: (1) Why did you
choose the engineering profession?; (2) Describe a scenario where a critical
technical glitch has occurred on the job, and outline the steps you would take to
resolve the problem efficiently with optimal use of resources; (3) What do you
see as the key links between your job and the environment?; (4) What are the
steps you would take to ensure effective control of pollution?; (5) How would you
describe your typical customer with a relevant engineering problem? ;(6) How will
you go about resolving a complex problem to the full satisfaction of your
customer?; (7) What do you see as the pros and cons of worldwide travel in
connection with your job?; (8) How would you go about interacting successfully in
cross-cultural situations?; (9) What are the distinctive contributions you can make
to the company?; (10) What benefits do you expect to derive from the company
to advance your professional career?
CONTINUING CASE
Situational Questions
Job- Interview-Wisdom.com
http://www.job-interview-wisdom.com/situational-interview-questions.html
Quintessential Careers
http://www.quintcareers.com/interview_question_database/situational_interview_
questions.html
Behavioral Questions
Best Job Interview.com
http://www.best-job-interview.com/help-desk-interview-questions.html
Emurse.com
http://blog.emurse.com/2007/05/21/complete-list-of-behavioral-interview-
questions/
JobSearch.com
http://jobsearch.about.com/od/behavorialinterviews/a/behavioral-interview-
questions.htm
The table below highlights five situational, behavioral, and job knowledge
question adapted from the websites above.
Situational
http://www.job-interview-
1. Give me an example of an Achievement
wisdom.com/answers-to-interview-
important goal that you set and Orientation
describe your progress in reaching questions.html
that goal.
Behavioral
Job-Related
KEY TERMS
behavioral interviews A series of job-related questions that focus on how
they reacted to actual situations in the past.
One-on-one interview Two people meet alone and one interviews the other
by seeking verbal responses to verbal inquiries