MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE

IN EUROPE

2 DR. MOHAMED AL-SHERBINY

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ROMANESQUE RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE
IN ITALY

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❑ PISA COMPLEX, PISA, TUSCANY, ITALY, (11th & 12th CENTURIES)

o The place is also called “Piazza dei Miracoli”. It consists of three great religious edifices:
Pisa Cathedral, Pisa Baptistry & the Campanile, in addition to the Monumental Cemetery.

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❑ PISA COMPLEX, PISA, TUSCANY, ITALY: THE CATHEDRAL

o The cathedral was built in 1063 – 1092 & extended in 1140 - 1180. It has influences from
various styles, such as: classical, Byzantine, & Islamic, as a result to trading & wars.

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❑ PISA COMPLEX, PISA, TUSCANY, ITALY: THE CATHEDRAL

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❑ PISA COMPLEX, PISA, TUSCANY, ITALY: THE CATHEDRAL

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❑ PISA COMPLEX, PISA, TUSCANY, ITALY: THE CATHEDRAL

o The alternating
layers of black
& white marble
was inspired by
Moors “Islamic
architecture”

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❑ PISA COMPLEX, PISA, TUSCANY, ITALY: THE CATHEDRAL

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❑ PISA COMPLEX, PISA, TUSCANY, ITALY: THE BAPTISTERY ‫المعمودية‬

o The construction of Pisa Baptistery started in 1152 in Romanesque style, then it was
modified & finished in Gothic style in the 14th century.

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❑ PISA COMPLEX, PISA, TUSCANY, ITALY: THE BAPTISTERY ‫المعمودية‬

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❑ PISA COMPLEX, PISA, TUSCANY, ITALY: THE BAPTISTERY ‫المعمودية‬

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❑ PISA COMPLEX, PISA, TUSCANY, ITALY: THE CAMPANILE ‫برج بيزا المائل‬
o The campanile, also known as the
Leaning Tower of Pisa, is the
freestanding bell tower of the
cathedral (56m high), built between
1173 & 1372.
o The tower's tilt began during
construction & gradually increased,
due to its inadequate foundation on
weak soil ‫تأسيس غير مالئم على تربة ضعيفة‬.

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❑ PISA COMPLEX, PISA, TUSCANY, ITALY: THE CAMPANILE ‫برج بيزا المائل‬
o In an effort to compensate for the tilt in 1272,
the upper floors were built with one side taller
than the other.
o The tilt was partially corrected & stabilized at
4° in the late 20th & early 21st centuries.

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❑ BASILICA OF SAN MICHELE MAGGIORE, PAVIA, ITALY

o It dates from the 11th & 12th centuries.

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❑ BASILICA OF SAN MICHELE MAGGIORE, PAVIA, ITALY

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❑ BASILICA OF SANT'ABBONDIO, COMO, LOMBARDY, ITALY

o Rebuilt in Romanesque style between 1050 and 1095.

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ROMANESQUE RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE
IN FRANCE

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❑ BASILICA OF SAINT-SERNIN, TOULOUSE, FRANCE

o Constructed between 1080 and 1120.

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❑ BASILICA OF SAINT-SERNIN, TOULOUSE, FRANCE

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❑ BASILICA OF SAINT-SERNIN, TOULOUSE, FRANCE

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❑ ANGOULÊME CATHEDRAL, CHARENTE, FRANCE

o Constructed between 1110 and 1128. The plan is aisless (without side aisles). The church's
original appearance was modified in the following centuries.

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❑ ANGOULÊME CATHEDRAL, CHARENTE, FRANCE

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❑ ANGOULÊME CATHEDRAL, CHARENTE, FRANCE

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ROMANESQUE RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE
IN GERMANY

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❑ WORMS CATHEDRAL, GERMANY

o Also called St Peter's Dom / Wormser Dom, built in the 12th & 13th centuries.

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❑ WORMS CATHEDRAL, GERMANY

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❑ MARIA LAACH ABBEY, GERMANY

o Built between 1093 and 1177.

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❑ MARIA LAACH ABBEY, GERMANY

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❑ SPEYER CATHEDRAL, GERMANY ‫كاتدرائية شباير‬

o Built in the 11th & 12th centuries. It was partially destroyed by fire in the 18th century &
reconstructed again in its original style in the mid-19th century.

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❑ SPEYER CATHEDRAL, GERMANY

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❑ SPEYER CATHEDRAL, GERMANY

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ROMANESQUE SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

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❑ TOWER OF LONDON, ENGLAND

o A historic castle founded towards the end of 1066. The keep of the castle ‫ حصن القلعة‬is called
The White Tower. It was the castle's strongest point militarily, and provided
accommodation for the king and his representatives.

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❑ THE KEEP OF CONISBROUGH CASTLE, SOUTH YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND

o Initially built in the 11th century.

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❑ KRAK DES CHEVALIERS, SYRIA ‫ سوريا‬- ‫قلعة الحصن في حمص‬

o It is a Crusader castle ‫ قلعة من أيام الحمالت الصليبية‬in Syria and one of the most important
preserved medieval castles in the world. It was captured by Baibars in 1271.

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❑ CIVIC BUILDINGS ‫المباني المدنية‬

o In Italy there is a number of Romanesque civic buildings that have remained largely intact.
They are characterized by rounded arches, paired windows, horizontal courses &
ground-floor loggia ‫رواق معمد في الدور األرضي‬.

Palazzo della Ragione, Mantua, Italy The Broletto in Como, Italy

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❑ MERCHANT PALACES ‫قصور التجار‬

o Merchant palaces were city buildings where wealthy trading families both lived and carried
out their businesses. Some of them could be found in Venice, such as: Fondaco dei Turchi
& Ca’ Loredan, which show Byzantine & Romanesque influences. Others could be found
in Northern Europe, such as: House Overstolz in Cologne, Germany

House Overstolz, Ca' Loredan, Fondaco dei Turchi,

Germany Venice Venice

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❑ DOMESTIC BUILDINGS ‫المباني السكنية‬

o Few houses of the Romanesque period have survived across Europe.

House, Piazza del

Duomo, Italy The great hall of Oakham Castle, England Long House, Germany

Seligenstadt, Germany Porec House, Croatia Jew’s House in Lincoln, England

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