UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

FINAL EXAMINATION: April 18, 2017

DURATION: 2 and ½ hrs

First Year Chemistry

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CHE1121-11S - PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Calculator: U of T Approved (Casio FX-991 or Sharp EL-520)

Exam Type: C (One 8 1/2 x 11 inch U of T approved aid sheet)

Examiner - P.V. Yaneff

PLEASE READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE STARTING EXAM:

Print your name and student number on each exam booklet used.
All work is to be done neatly in your exam book. If more than one booklet is
used, label each on top right cover (eg., 1 of 2, 2 of 2, etc.)
Complete ALL QUESTIONS.
Put a box around the correct answer in every part of the question.
S. As a rough time guide, allow approximately 10 minutes per question.
Proper scientific notation and appropriate units are needed for full
marks.
Exam total = 103 marks; 12 questions. Exam will be marked out of 100.

DATA NEEDED:

Molar masses (g mo1 11: H 1.008; C, 12.01; 0, 16.00; 5, 32.06; Ca, 40.08; Fe, 55.84;
water = 18.015.
R = 8.3145 J mo1' K4 = 0.08206 L atm mo11 K4
For water: Kf= 1.86 K (mol/kg) 1; Kb= 0.513 K(mol/kg) 1
l tonne = 1.oxlo3 kg; 1L= 1.0x103 cm3
1 atm = 101 325 Pa= 101.325 kPa = 760 Torr = 760 mm Hg
1 J = 1 N m = 1 Pa M3

ii
 (12 Marks)

Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide produced by the combustion of 1.00 L of

gasoline treated as octane, C81-118, of mass density 0.703 g cm-3. (Hint: write out the
complete combustion reaction of liquid octane)

(9 Marks)

Atmospheric pollution is a problem that has received much attention. Not all
pollution, however, is from industrial sources. Volcanic eruptions can be a significant
amount of pollution. The Kilauea volcano in Hawaii emits 250 tonnes of sulphur
dioxide per day. If this gas is emitted at 800 0C and 1.0 atmosphere, what volume of
gas is emitted?

(7 Marks)

The temperature of a block of iron of mass 1.4 kg dropped by 65°C as it cooled to

room temperature. Given the molar heat capacity of iron at constant volume to be
25.1 J K 1 mo1 1, calculate the internal energy change for this process.

4. (10 Marks)

When 6.0 mol of nitrogen gas was heated at constant pressure of 2.5 atm, its
temperature increased from 270 to 315 K. Given the molar heat capacity of N2(g) at
constant pressure is 29.125 J K' mo!1, calculate Q AH and AU.

(6 Marks)

The enthalpy of sublimation of calcium at 25 °C is 178.2 kJ mol-1. How much energy

(at constant temperature and pressure) must be supplied as heat (AH) to 5.0 g of
solid calcium to produce a gas plasma (a gas of charged particles) composed of Ca2
ions and electrons. The first and second ionization potentials of calcium are 590 and
1150 kJ mo11, respectively. The molar mass of calcium is 40.08 g mol 1.

PA
 (5 Marks)

Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide (N205)

from the following data:

2 NO(g) + 02(g) - 2 NO2(g) AHO = -114.1 kj mol -1

4 NO g + 02(g) 2 N205(g) AHO = -110.2 kJ mol 1

N2(g) + 02(g) - 2 NO(g) AHO = +1805 kJ mol 1

(10 Marks)

Calculate (a) the standard reaction entropy, (b) the change in entropy of the
surroundings at 25°C and (c) the standard reaction Gibbs energy for the
hydrogenation of nitrogen reaction (i.e., the Haber process).
N2 (g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g),
Use the following data for your calculations: Absolute entropies (in kJ K -1 mol 1):

NH3(g), 192.45; Nz (g), 191.61 and H2 (g), 130.684.

Heats of formation (in kj K'mol .1): NH3(g), 46.11.

(6 Marks)

Calculate the change in molar Gibbs free energy of carbon dioxide at 20 °C when its
pressure is changed isothermally from 1.0 bar to (a) 3.0 bar, (b) 2.7 x10 atm, its
partial pressure at sea level. Assume ideal gas behavior.

(12 Marks)

At high temperatures water vapour starts to dissociate into hydrogen gas and
oxygen gas according to the equation shown below:
H2O) - H2(g) + I 02(g)
For this reaction:
What is the value ofKat 25°C and one bar pressure?
What is the value ofKat 1000°C and one bar pressure?
For the reaction, assume H°(1000°C) is the average of L\H°(250C) = + 241.818 kJ mol-1
and H°(1300 K) = + 249.392 kJ mol-1

91
1O.(9 Marks)

If the melting point of iron at one atm pressure is 1535°C, how much higher will the
melting point be at 1000 atm if iivji1 and Llhf are constant at 2.30 x 10 m3 mo!-'
and 15.5 kJ mo!-1, respectively?

11.(5 Marks)

At 60°C the vapour pressures of pure benzene and toluene are 385 and 39 Torr,
respectively. Above a solution containing 0.60 mole fraction benzene, calculate:
the partial pressures of benzene and toluene,
the total vapour pressure, and
the mole fraction of toluene in the vapour.

12. (12 Marks) Taken directly from problem set 11

One teaspoon of sugar (7.8 g) is dissolved in a glass of water (250 g 1-120) at 25'C.
What is the equilibrium vapour pressure above the solution?
What is the normal boiling point of the solution?
What is the normal freezing point of the solution?
What is the osmotic pressure of the solution? Hint: use simple rrformula.

Molar masses (g/mol): C121-122011 = 342.30; H2O = 18.015.

The vapour pressure of water at 25°C is 3167 Pa.
For water, Kb = 0.513 K (mol/kg) 1 and Kf = 1.86 K (mol/kg).
The density of water at 25°C is 997 kg m 3.