ANATOMY I

By:
Name : Sari Mugi Rahayu
S-ID : B1B020013
Entourage :D
Group :4
Assistant : Alya Mufida Arbani

ANIMAL STRUCTURE PRACTICUM REPORT

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, CULTURE, RISET, AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF JENDERAL SORDIRMAN
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2021
A. Review of Literature

Respiration is a metabolic process to form energy from organic materials in the form
of oxygen, carbohydrates which will be processed in the body (Amini & Eko, 2020). The
respiratory system in the Pisces class generally uses gills including carp and catfish. Gills
are the most important organs for the course of respiration, osmoregulation, ion balance,
nitrogen secretion, for fish. In addition, gills also act as bioindicators of water pollution.
There are 3 main parts of the gills including the branchialis arc (gill arch), the branchial
filament (gill filament), and the branchiospinal (Faumi et al., 2020).

The digestive system is a system composed of organs forming the digestive tract such
as the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and intestines to break down simple compounds that are
easily absorbed by the body (Srikandi et al., 2017). Catfish have a pancreas gland that
functions to produce digestive enzymes. The pancreas of catfish also functions for the
secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate compounds that produce the hormone insulin. The
location of the catfish pancreas is adjacent to the intestine and stomach. In addition to the
pancreas, catfish also has a gallbladder (vesica velea) which is round in shape, green in
color, located in front of the liver, and has a cystic duct that opens into the intestine (Morina
et al., 2017). The digestive system in carp has a wavy and slimy Arcus branchialis with the
function of facilitating the passage of feed to the pharynx and sorting out the preferred feed
(Faumi et al., 2020).

Goldfish are oviparous animals whose sexual reproduction is characterized by the

release of eggs and sperm cells, where sperm will fertilize eggs or fertilization occurs
outside the body. The male gonads are the testes and the female gonads are the ovaries.
Goldfish gonads have a tubular structure so that goldfish can be stripped in the abdomen.
In male goldfish, if stripping will release thick milky white sperm fluid. While the female
fish looks swollen in the abdomen towards the urogenital and if stripping will issue a yellow
liquid (Ramadhan & Sari, 2018).

The catfish, there are differences between males and females. Male catfish sexual
organs are elongated and pointed. The testes are two flat, elongated and white. The female
reproductive organs are round or oval in shape and have two ovaries. Catfish reproduce by
external fertilization. The catfish, artificial spawning can be done by injecting the ovary
hormone and stripping in the abdomen. Ovaprium is a hormone that stimulates and
stimulates gonadotropin hormones so that the reproductive process can run faster (Ernawati
et al., 2021). The stripping method is difficult to apply to catfish because the gonad
structure of male catfish is lobular or consists of lobes.
 ANIMAL STRUCTURE
PRACTICAL WORKSHEET

Name : Sari Mugi Rahayu Entourage/Group : D/4

S-ID : B1B020013 Day/Date : Saturday, 06/11/2021
Class : D Assistant : Alya Mufida Arbani

PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 4
Anatomi 1 (Cyprinus carpio and Clarias gariepinus)

1. Why catfish will be able to survive better than the carp outside the water?explain!
Jawab:
Catfish can still survive long after being removed from the water than goldfish
because catfish have an additional respiratory organ in the form of a thin skin that
resembles a sponge. Catfish can still live outside the water medium even though only
for a while because the condition of the fish's body after being removed from the water
is still quite moist. Fish body humidity is regulated by increased mucus production. The
presence of mucus around the fish's body allows breathing to occur because the mucus
can trap enough dissolved oxygen for the breathing process for some time. Therefore,
catfish can take advantage of the oxygen in the air directly.
2. What is the correlation between scale structure the arrangement with swimming

condition on the carp?

Jawab:

The correlation between the arrangement of scales and the swimming conditions

of goldfish is that goldfish use their sixth sense in the form of lateral lines on their body

scales which are useful for detecting water currents. Thus, goldfish scales with

swimming conditions are interconnected.

3. What will happen with the fish when their linea lateralis got damaged?

Jawab:
If there is damage to the lateral line on the fish, the fish will lose the ability to
detect water currents which will make it difficult for fish to swim.
4. Why fish has single circulation system and what organ structure affected this
condition?
Jawab:
 Fish have an organ circulatory system because fish have a heart with 2
chambers, and blood passes through the heart only once during each circulation.
5. Carp’s tail is homocercal type, are tail type and tail fin type the same or different?

Please explain!

Jawab:
The shape of the tail and caudal fin of the fish is different, the shape of the carp's
tail is rounded and the type of caudal fin is homocercal. Homocercal, namely the
vertebral column that ends not exactly at the end of the tail, but is slightly turned.
6. Carp have very attractive color, from which part of body that color comes from?
Please explain!
Jawab:
Answer:
Goldfish have an attractive color because goldfish have chromatoforms present
in their scales. Chromatoform is a pigment that serves as a means of disguise or attract
attention.
7. Please explain the connection between pump power and suction on fish with radii
branchiostegii
Answer:
The branchiostegal membrane, often also referred to as the gill membrane lies
parallel to the opercular apparatus. This membrane has a primary function as a water
transport vent and a valve to control the flow of water out of the gill opening (Campbell,
2003). Fish with more developed radii branchiostegii tend to have stronger pumping
and suction power so that the amount of water passing through the gills will increase.
8. Why we are using sharp tool to stab on their head to kill or to weaken the fish?
Answer:
The objective of using a sharp tool to pierce the fish's head to kill or weaken the
fish is to make the fish die quickly. To kill/weaken the fish, the head must be stabbed
because in the head there is a brain which is the central nervous system. If stabbed or
damaged, the fish will weaken or die so it can be easily observed.
9. Alya is a fish breeder. Someday she discovered something off with her Carps, some
carp swam upside down, and some carp seem to be swimming at the bottom of the pond
and never came up. What actually happened with Alya’s Fish? Is there any damaged
organ in their body? Please help alya find the answer.
 Jawab:
Damage that may occur to goldfish swimming upside down is due to damage to
the swim bladder. Goldfish have swim bladders that help to float in the water
10. Carp’s and Catfish’s gonads is different, what is their diffences? Please explain
Answer:
The difference between the male gonads of carp and catfish is that the male
gonads of carp are longer than the male gonads of catfish. In addition, male goldfish
gonads are easy to spawn.
 14
1
13
2
12
5
36
3
4
10
9
8
7
11

Drawing of Carp Fish (Cyprinus carpio) Morphology

Description:

1. Pinnae dorsalis
2. Organon visus
3. Operculum
4. Mouth
5. Linea lateralis
6. Pinnae Caudalis
7. Anus
8. Porus urogenitalis
9. Pinnae analis
10. Pinna pectoralis
11. Pinna abdominalis
12. Cauda
13. Caput
14. Truncus
 1
2
3
5

10
9

11
7

11 Drawing of Viscera In-situ Anatomy of Carp Fish (Cyprinus carpio)

Description:

1. Organon visus
2. Gills
3. Pronephros
4. Vesica natatoria
5. Mesonephros
6. Gonad
7. Porus urogenitalis
8. Anus
9. Intestine
10. Hepatopancreas
11. Cor
 1

3
2

Drawing of Unraveled Viscera In-situ anatomy of Carp Fish (Cyprinus carpio)

Description:

1. Pronephros
2. Mesonephros
3. Vesica natatoria
4. Gonad
5. Porus urogenitalis
6. Hepatopancreas
7. Anus
8. Cor
 2
3

4
5
6
7
10
11

8
12

12

Drawing of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Morphology

Description:

1. Barbels inferior
2. Barbels superior
3. Pinnae dorsalis
4. Organon visus
5. Linea lateralis
6. Operculum
7. Pinna pectoralis
8. Anus
9. Porus urogenitalis
10. Pinna abdominalis
11. Pinnae analis
12. Pectoral spine
 1
11
3
9
2

10
8
5
4

Drawing of Viscera In-situ Anatomy of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Description:

1. Esophagus
2. Gastrum
3. Pylorus
4. Gonad
5. Intestine
6. Porus urogenitalis
7. Anus
8. Pancreas
9. Vesica fellea
10. Hepar
11. Cor
 REFERENCES

Amini, A. N. and Eko, H. D., 2020. Pengemabngan Sistem Virtual Laboratory Praktikum
Respirasi Kelas Insekta Pada SMA Negeri 98 Jakarta’, Inti Nusa Mandiri, 15(1), pp.
133–138. doi: https://doi.org/10.33480/techno.v16i2.642.

Campbell WB. 2003. Assessing developmental errors in branchiostegal rays as indicators of

chronic stress in two species of Pacific salmon. Canadian journal of zoology
81(11):1876-1884.

Ernawati, et al., 2021. Pendampingan Masyarakat di Kampung Salak, Kota Sorong: Pelatihan
Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Lele secara Buatan. Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat,
1(4), pp. 173-181.

Faumi, R. et al., 2020. Perbandingan Secara Anatomi Insang Ikan Keureling (Tor tambroides),
Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) dan Ikan Nila, (Oreochromis niloticus)’, Jurnal Veteriner,
21(2), pp. 234–246. doi: 10.19087/jveteriner.2020.21.2.234.

Morina, G., Zainuddin and Masyitha, D., 2017. ‘STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI EMPEDU DAN
PANKREAS IKAN LELE LOKAL (Claria bathracus)’, Jimvet, 2(1), pp. 30–34.

Ramadhan, R. & Sari, L. A., 2018. Teknik Pembenihan Ikan Mas secara Alami di Unit
Pelaksana Teknis Pengembangan Budidaya Air Tawar (UPT PBAT) Umpulan
Pasuruan Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 7(3). pp. 124-132.

Srikandi, M. M., Sujana, A. and Aeni, A. N., 2017. ‘Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kontekstual
Terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Sains Berbasis Gender Pada Materi Sistem
Pencernaan’, Jurnal Pena Ilmiah, 2(1), pp. 661–670. doi: 10.17509/jpi.v2i1.10105.