Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty Member: Sir Habeel Ahmad Date: 28-09-2021

Semester: 3 Section: BESE 11-B

EE-212: Basic Electronics

Lab 3: Verification of KVL,KCL, Voltage & Current Divider

Rule

Name Reg. No Viva / Analysi Modern Ethics Individua

Quiz / s of Tool and l and
Lab data in Usage Safety Team
Performa Lab Work
nce Report

5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks

Maaz Ahmed 335009

Shehryar Saqib 347703

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Introduction

This laboratory execise is meant to enable the students to verify KVL, KCL,
Voltage & Current Divider analysis of simple circuits and correlate
measured vaues with the theoretical calculations of voltages and currents
through various circuit elements.

Objectives

The following are the broad objectives of this lab:

 Circuit setup on bread board.

 Calculate the currents and voltages in the valarious circuit elements.
 Use the DMM as a ammeter and voltmeter to measure the various
currents and voltages.
 Explain deviations in results in case these are encountered during
the experiment.

Conduct of Lab

1. The students are required to work in groups of three to four; each student
must attempt to understand and use the laboratoy set-up and conduct at
least one or two parts of the requirement experimentation. The lab
attendents and Teaching Assistants will be available to assit the students.
2. In case some aspect of the lab experiment is not understood the students
are advised to seek help from the teacher, the lab attendent or the assigned
Teaching Assistant (TA).

Lab Equipment

The following equipment would be used in this experiment:

 Test bench
 The Multimeter
 The Power Supply

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  Digital Multimeter

Theory:
Kirchhoff’s Laws are based on energy and charge conservation.
Kirchhoff’s voltage law is based on energy conservation and states that the
algebraic sum of the potential (voltage) drops around a complete path is
equal to zero. For example, in the circuit shown in figure 1, the relations
between the circuit elements and resistances for the path ABCDA is:

V  I1R1  I 2 R2  I 5 R5  0 (1)

Figure 1: Example circuit to illustrate the experiment

Kirchhoff’s current law is based on charge conservation, and states that the
algebraic sum of the currents entering a node is zero. A node is a point such
as “B” in figure 1, where I1 enters and I2 and I3 leave. The other nodes in
figure 1 are “E”, “D”, and “C”. Referring to figure 1, at node “B” we have:

I1  I 2  I 3  0 (2)

while at node “E” the relation is:

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 I3  I 4  I6  0 (3)

KVL:

For the circuit given below use KVL to measure and calculate all the currents
and voltages for each circuit element.

3. Three resistors will be provided in the lab . Find the resistance of the
resistor using color codes.
4. Use R1 = 4700 ohms , R2 = 2k ohms , R3 = 1 k ohm.
5. Find the resistance using multimeter.
6. For the following circuit, measure the desired parameters and tabulate
your theoretical and experimental results.

R1 VA

R2 VB

+
V_ R3
VC

After you have completed the lab experiment please return all the equipment
back to your lab attendent / supervisor.

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 Table – 1 (KVL)

S.No Applied VA :Voltage VB: Voltage VC :Voltage VT= V A + V B +

Voltage at A at B at C VC

1 5V 3.05 1.298 0.649 5

2 10 V 6.103 2.597 1.298 10

3 15 V 9.155 6.382 1.948 15

Does sum of all the voltages across resistors is equal to voltage applied or not?
Explain your answer

Yes the sum of all the voltages across the resistors is equal to the voltage
applied. It also proves kirchhoff’s voltage law.

Table –2 (VDR)

For (Vapplied1)

Simulations calculations:
AT V= 5V:

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AT V= 10V:

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AT V= 15V:

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 Table –2 (VDL)

R1 R1
1 = 0.61 ×V applied = 3.05 VA : Voltage at A= 3.05V
R 1+ R 2 + R 3 R 1+ R 2 + R 3

R2 R2
2 = 0.25 ×V applied = 1.29 VB : Voltage at B= 1.298V
R 1+ R 2 + R 3 R 1+ R 2 + R 3

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 R3 R3
3 = 0.13 ×V applied = 0.649 VC :Voltage at C= 0.649V
R 1+ R 2 + R 3 R 1+ R 2 + R 3

Table –3 (VDR)

For (Vapplied2)

S.No Resistances Ratios Calculated voltages Measured

Voltages
R1 R1
1 = 0.61 ×V applied = 6.103 VA : Voltage at A= 6.103V
R 1+ R 2 + R 3 R 1+ R 2 + R 3

R2 R2
2 R 1+ R 2 + R 3
= 0.25 R + R + R ×V applied = 2.597 VB : Voltage at B=
1 2 3

2.597V

R3 R3
3 = 0.13 ×V applied = 1.298 VC :Voltage at C= 1.298V
R 1+ R 2 + R 3 R 1+ R 2 + R 3

Table –4 (VDR)

For (Vapplied3)

S.No Resistances Ratios Calculated voltages Measured

Voltages
R1 R1
1 = 0.61 ×V applied = 9.155 VA : Voltage at A=9.155V
R 1+ R 2 + R 3 R 1+ R 2 + R 3

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 R2 R2
2 = 0.25 ×V applied = 6.382 VB : Voltage at B=6.382V
R 1+ R 2 + R 3 R 1+ R 2 + R 3

R3 R3
3 = 0.13 ×V applied = 1.948 VC :Voltage at C= 1.948V
R 1+ R 2 + R 3 R 1+ R 2 + R 3

THEORTICAL CALCULATIONS:

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KCL :

For the circuit given below use KCL to measure and calculate all the currents
and voltages for each circuit element.

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7. Two resistor will be provided in the lab. Find the resistance of the resistor
using color codes.
8. Use R1 = 2k ohms , R2 = 1 k ohm.
9. Find the resistance using multimeter.
10. For the following circuit, measure the desired parameters and tabulate
your theoretical and experimental results.

I I1 I2

V+
- R1 R2

After you have completed the lab experiment please return all the equipment
back to your lab attendent / supervisor.

Table –5 (KCL)

S.No Appli Current: Current: I1 Current: I= I1 + I2 R1 R2

Rt =
ed I I2 R1 + R2
(measured) (Calculated)
Volta
(measured) (measured)
ge

1
5V 7.5x10^-3 2.5x10^-3 5x10^-3 7.5x10^-3 666.7

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 2
10 V 0.015 5x10^-3 1x10^-2 0.015 666.7

3
15 V 0.022 7.3x10^-3 0.0146 0.022 666.7

SIMULATIONS RESULTS:
AT V=5V:

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AT V=10V:

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AT V= 15V:

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 Table –6 (CDR)

For (Vapplied1)

S.No Resistances Ratios Calculated Current Measured Current

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 R2 R2
1 =0.33 , × I = 2.5x10^-3 , I1 : Current of Branch 1=
R 1+ R 2 R 1+ R 2
2.5x10^-3A

R1 R1
2 =0.667 , × I = 5x10^-3, I2 : Current of Branch 2= 5x10^-3A
R 1+ R 2 R 1+ R 2

Table –7 (CDR)

For (Vapplied2)

S S.No Resistances Ratios Calculated Current Measured

Current

R2 R2
1 = 0.33 × I = 5x10^-3 I1 : Current
R 1+ R 2 R 1+ R 2
of Branch 1= 5x10^-3A

R1 R1
2 =0.67 × I = 1x10^-2 I2 : Current
R 1+ R 2 R 1+ R 2
of Branch 2= 1x10^-2 A

Table –8 (CDR)

For (Vapplied3)

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S.No Resistances Ratios Calculated Current Measured
Current

R2 R2
1 = 0.33 × I = 7.3x10^-3 I1 : Current
R 1+ R 2 R 1+ R 2
of Branch 1= 7.3x10^-3A

R1 R1
2 0.67 × I = 0.0146 I2 : Current
R 1+ R 2 R 1+ R 2
of Branch 2= 0.0146A

THERORETICAL CALCULATIONS:

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Does total current is equal to sum of currents through all branches or not ?

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ANSWER: Yes, the total current is equal to sum of current through all the
branches. Hence kirchhoff’s current law is proved.

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