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Practical Research 1 Quarter 1 - Module 19: Toeing The Line in Research
Practical Research 1 Quarter 1 - Module 19: Toeing The Line in Research
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Quarter 1 - Module 19
Toeing the Line in Research
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Practical Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 19– Toeing the Line in Research
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
In research, certain ideas may or may not come solely from you as a
researcher. More often than not, you borrow thoughts and concepts
from related literature to strengthen or back up your claim or
arguments. However, doing so isn’t that easy. This requires you to
follow certain rules which are called the ethical standards in writing
related literature. Specifically, in this module you’ll learn the do’s and
don’ts when writing related literature.
Objectives:
TRUE or FALSE. Read the statements carefully then write T if the statement is true and
F if false in your notebook/answer sheet.
1. Writers may or may not include the source in the review of related literature.
2. Changing information taken from the original text It is allowed.
3. In writing literature, one must consider the type of language to be used.
4. Evaluation and analysis of the text’s meaning is required in writing related
literature.
5. Copying texts from the internet without proper citation is ethical.
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Match the words in column A with their meaning in column B. Write the letter only in your
notebook/answer sheet.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. plagiarism A. making up something
2. ethics B. piece of writing
C. copying without the acknowledgment
3. fraud
of the source
4. citing D. rules of right or wrong
5. literature E. acknowledging the source
Below are situations students like you usually do when writing related literature. Put a
( ✔) in the box if the researcher followed the ethical standards in writing related literature
and an (X) if not. Write your answers in your notebook/answer sheet.
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YOUR GUIDE
A literature review is a way to look at the past, to assess the body of literature,
to synthesize previous work, and to locate the gaps in order to prepare for the future
in directing the research process and formulating additional questions.
A general principle underlying ethical writing is the notion that the written work
of an author, be it a manuscript for a magazine or scientific journal, a research paper
submitted for a course or a grant proposal submitted to a funding agency, represents
an implicit contract between the author and the readers. According to this contract,
the reader assumes that the author is the sole originator of the written work, that any
text or ideas borrowed from others are clearly identified as such by established
scholarly conventions, and that the ideas conveyed therein are accurately
represented to the best of the authors abilities. In sum, as Kolin (2002) points out
“Ethical writing is clear, accurate,fair, and honest. Ethical writing is a reflection of
ethical practice.” (Roig, 2017)
The three important and relevant ethical issues to students who will be writing
related literature.
3. Fraud is fabricating data and results just to get over the course work or school
requirement. Hence, a researcher must observe the following to avoid fraud.
A. Honesty means being transparent avoiding falsifying or misinterpreting
data.
B. Objectivity is avoiding bias.
C. Integrity is acting with sincerity.
D. Carefulness is avoiding careless errors and negligence
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Now that you learn about ethics in writing related literature,
get ready for more interesting tasks!
1. Cecile writes … …
Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behaviour among school aged children that
involves a real or perceived power imbalance.
____________________________________________________________
2. Joel writes… …
Man is often tempted by false promises of fulfilment.
____________________________________________________________
3. Jose writes … …
The blacks are more aggressive than the whites.
____________________________________________________________
4. Ruby writes … …
In 2015, the number of cases of teenage pregnancy in the country has risen.
This is associated with liquor intoxication, meet ups and chatting.
____________________________________________________________
5. Connie writes … …
“I shall return”, Lapu Lapu said.
____________________________________________________________
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The overall rate for EA in children is in the range of 10% to 67% (Aouad & Nasr,
2005), which includes a period of severe restlessness, disorientation, and/or inconsolable
crying during anesthesia emergence (Cole, Murray, McAllister, & Hirschberg, 2002).
1. How did the writer of the text ensure that he did not commit plagiarism?
_______________________________________________________
2. How can you tell that the writer is honest in the presentation of the
information in the text??
_______________________________________________________
3. What type of language was used?
_______________________________________________________
How’s your journey so far? Well, very good! Let’s proceed for
some more exciting tasks.
LET’S SUM IT UP
Read carefully the text below. Then, write related literature about the topic
“homosexuality” in two or three sentences.
Schools should be safe places for everyone. But in the Philippines, students who
are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) too often find that their
schooling experience is marred by bullying, discrimination, lack of access to LGBT-
related information, and in some cases, physical or sexual assault. These abuses
can cause deep and lasting harm and curtail students’ right to education, protected
under Philippine and international law.
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YOUR REINFORCER
Explain the following terms in your own words. Write your answers in your
notebook/answer sheet.
1. Plagiarism –
2. Language Use –
3. Fraud –
YOUR REFLECTION/S
After finishing this module, give three important things you learned about ethical
standards in presenting related literature. Write your answers in your notebook/answer
sheet.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Reference:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/06/21/just-let-us-be/discrimination-against-lgbt-
students-philippines#
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ANSWER KEY
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. E
5. B